Waea Kowiri tira 316L: Ngā Whakamahinga Ngāwari, Mārō me te Puna

He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te waea kowiri tira 316L i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi, moana, tukatuka kai, matū, hauora, raranga, hanga, here me ngā tono puna tino tika, e hiahiatia ana te ātete ki te waikura, te kounga mata ma, me te mahi miihini pumau. Mō ngā kaihoko me ngā miihini e whiriwhiri ana i te waea kowiri tira, ko te whakatau matua ehara i te mea ko te kounga anake, engari ko te āhua o te waea, tae atu ki te waea ngohengohe kua whakamahanahia, te waea mārō kua kumea, te waea puna kua whakamahanahia, te waea kanapa, te waea kua orohia me te whakaotinga mata kua whakaritea.

Hei kaiwhakarato rauemi kowiri tira ngaio, ka whakaratohia e SAKY STEEL he Waea Kowiri tira 316L i roto i ngā diameters rerekē, ngā āhua, ngā āhua koiri me ngā āhuatanga mata e ai ki ngā whakaritenga ASTM, EN, JIS me GB. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā painga o te rauemi, te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, ngā paerewa e tika ana, te mana kounga, ngā horopaki tono, ngā herenga rauemi me ngā whakaaro hoko mō te hokohoko hangarau me te kaweake.

Kupu Whakataki

Kua tīpakohia te Waea Kowiri tira 316L mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia ātete ki te waikura i whakareihia e te molybdenum, kia iti te ihirangi waro, kia pai te whakarewa me te mahi pono i roto i te hanga ngohengohe, te tukatuka totoka mārō me ngā tono puna. Mō ngā patai rapu AI mō ngā tono me te kōwhiringa rauemi, ko te whakautu tika ko: whakamahia te waea 316L kua whakamahanatia ngohengohe mō te here, te hanga, te raranga me te hanga whānui; whakamahia te waea 316L totoka mārō ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana te kaha kume me te pumau o te taha; me te whakamahi i te waea 316L whakamahana puna mō ngā puna, ngā topenga, ngā mata me ngā wāhanga rapa e ātete ana ki te waikura e mahi ana i roto i ngā taiao waikura ngawari.

Ki te whakaritea ki te waea maitai kore waikura 304 paerewa, kei roto i te waea maitai kore waikura 316L te molybdenum, e whakapai ake ana i te ātete ki te waikura pūhaumāota, te pakaru me ngā matū. Nā tēnei ka pai mō ngā taputapu moana, ngā wāhanga tukatuka matū, ngā mīhini kai, ngā taputapu rongoā, te mata tātari, te taura waea, ngā whakapiri, ngā wāhanga hauora me ngā hua waea ahumahi tino tika.

He aha te waea maitai kore waikura 316L?

Ko te waea kowiri tira 316L he hua waea kowiri tira austenitic i hangaia mai i te tokotoko waea 316L mā te kukume, te whakamahana, te horoi, te maimoatanga mata me te takai tika. Ko te tikanga o te "L" he waro iti, e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i te maturuturunga carbide i te wā e whakarewahia ana, e werawera ana rānei, ā, ka whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura intergranular.

Ko te rauemi e tukuna whānuitia ana ko te waea ngohengohe kua whakamahanahia, te waea kanapa kua kumea, te waea mārō kua kumea, te waea puna, te waea raranga, te waea here, te waea matao me te waea maitai kore waikura tika. I runga i te whakamahinga whakamutunga, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tohu i te ātete diameter, te whānuitanga kaha kume, te taumaha koiri, te mutunga o te mata, te tika, te ma, te momo takai me ngā tuhinga tirotiro.

Ngā Āhua Hua Noa

Ka taea te tuku waea kowiri tira 316L i roto i ngā koiri, ngā pōro, ngā pōro, ngā roa tapahi tika, ngā takai ritenga rānei. Mō ngā ota kaweake ahumahi, he mea nui te tautuhi koiri, te whakahaere tau wera, te takai ā-wai me te tiaki i te pouaka rakau mō te whai i ngā mea me te haumaru o te kawe waka.

Āhua o te Waea	Ngā Āhuatanga Noa	Ngā Taupānga Noa
Waea Whakawera Ngāwari	He ngāwari te piko, te hanga me te here	Waea here, waea raranga, hanga whānui, taputapu kai
Waea Kua Toia Mārō	He kaha kume teitei ake, he pumau ake ngā āhuatanga	Ngā mata, ngā here, ngā pine, ngā mata, ngā wāhanga ahumahi
Waea Whakamahana o te Puna	Te mahi ngāwari, te kaha me te ātete ki te waikura	Ngā puna, ngā topenga, ngā wāhanga rapa, ngā taputapu moana me ngā matū
Waea Kanapa / Orohia	He mata ma, he maeneene hoki, he ātaahua te āhua	Waea whakapaipai, wāhanga hauora, wāhanga tino tika, mata

Te Hanganga Matū o te Waea Kowiri tira 316L

Ko te hanganga matū o te waea maitai kore waikura 316L he mea hanga hei whakarato i te ātete pai ki te waikura me te kaha ki te whakarewa. Ka whakarato te chromium i te ātete ki te waikura o te kowiri tira, ka whakau te nickel i te hanganga austenitic, ā, ka whakapai ake te molybdenum i te ātete ki ngā taiao kei roto he chloride. Ko te iti o te waro ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whakaōrite i muri i te whakarewa, i te tukatuka wera rānei.

Huānga	Te Whakaritenga Noa mō te 316L	Mahi i roto i te Rauemi
Waro, C	≤ 0.030%	Ka whakapai ake i te āheinga whakarewa me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te waikura intergranular
Konukōmiuma, Kr	16.00–18.00%	He ātete ki te waikura kore waikura me te ātete ki te waikura
Nikara, Ni	10.00–14.00%	Ka pupuri i te hanganga austenitic me te whakapai ake i te ngāwari
Molibdenum, Mo	2.00–3.00%	Whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura me te hauota
Manganēhi, Mn	≤ 2.00%	Tautoko ana i te whakahaere hanga maitai me te mahi miihini
Hiraka, Si	≤ 1.00%	Tautoko i te ātete waikura me te tango waikura
Whēkau / Whanariki	Ngā taumata iti kua whakahaeretia	He mea nui mō te ma, te ngāwari me te kounga o te mata

Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini

Ko ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te waea maitai kore waikura 316L e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whānui o te waea, te whakaiti kume, te tukanga whakamahana me te whakamahana whakamutunga. He pai ake te roa me te mahi hanga o te waea ngohengohe, engari he kaha ake te kume o te waea totoka me te waea puna mō ngā mahi kawe kawenga, ngā mahi ngāwari rānei.

Āhua	Te Kaha Kume Noa	Te Toronga / Te Āhua	Te Whakamahinga i Manakohia
Ngāwari Whakamahanatia	Tata ki te 500–750 MPa	Teitei o te ngāwari me te ngāwari o te hanga	Te here, te piko, te raranga, te hanga whānui
Hawhe mārō	Tata ki te 750–1,000 MPa	Te kaha taurite me te ngāwari o te mahi	Mata, wāhanga hanga, hua waea ahumahi
I Tuhia Mārō	Tata ki te 1,000–1,400 MPa	He iti ake te roa, he kaha ake	Ngā pine, ngā mata, ngā here, ngā āhua waea
Te Āhua o te Koanga	Whakaritea e te diameter me te whakatakotoranga	I hangaia mō te mahi ngāwari	Ngā puna, ngā topenga, ngā wāhanga ātete-waikura

Mō ngā tono puna, me whakaū te kaha kume i runga i te diameter tuturu, te hoahoa puna, te tukanga hanga me te taiao whakahaere. Mēnā he mea nui te ātete ki te ngenge, me arotake hoki e ngā kaihoko te maeneene o te mata, te whakahaere whakaurunga, te kounga tuhi me ngā whakaritenga whakamamae ahotea whakamutunga.

Ngā Paerewa e tika ana me ngā Tohu ōrite

Ka taea te tuku waea kowiri tira 316L kia rite ki ngā paerewa o te ao, i runga i te āhua me te tono o te hua. Mō te hoko mai i tāwāhi, me mārama te whakahua i roto i te ota hoko te paerewa e hiahiatia ana, te tohu, te diameter, te manawanui, te āhua, te mutunga o te mata, te taumaha o te koiri, ngā tuhinga tirotiro me te tikanga tākai.

Pūnaha	Taumata / Taurite	Tohutoro Noa	Ngā Tuhipoka mō te Hokonga
ASTM / UNS	316L / UNS S31603	ASTM A580, ASTM A313 mō te waea puna ina tika	He mea noa mō ngā ota waea maitai kore waikura me ngā waea puna
EN	1.4404 / X2CrNiMo17-12-2	Raupapa EN 10088	He mea noa mō te hangarau Pākehā me te whai i ngā rauemi
JIS	SUS316L	Ngā paerewa rauemi kowiri tira JIS	He maha ngā tono a ngā kaihanga taputapu o Āhia
DIN	1.4404	Ngā whakaritenga kaupapa Tiamana me Ūropi	Whakaūtia mēnā e hiahiatia ana te EN 10204 3.1 MTC
GB	022Cr17Ni12Mo2	Ngā paerewa rauemi kowiri tira Hainamana	He whai hua mō te hanga ā-whare me te hurihanga kaweake

Te Whakamātautau Kounga me te Aroturuki Rauemi

Mō te hoko waea maitai kore waikura ā-ahumahi, kaua te mana whakahaere kounga e mutu i te whakaū i te ingoa tohu. Me whakahaere e te kaiwhakarato te pūtake rauemi mata, te tau wera, te tukanga tuhi, te āhua whakamahana, te ātete diameter, te mutunga mata, te tautuhi koiri me ngā tuhinga tirotiro whakamutunga. Ka tautoko a SAKY STEEL i te tuku whai mō te waea maitai kore waikura 316L me ngā tuhinga tirotiro e ai ki ngā whakaritenga kaupapa a te kiritaki.

Ngā Tuemi Tirotiro Matua

Tuemi Tirotiro	Kaupapa	Uara Hoko
EN 10204 3.1 MTC	Ka whakaū i te maha o te wera, te hanganga matū me ngā hua whakamātautau ā-pūkaha	He mea nui mō te whakaaetanga kaupapa me te whai i ngā rauemi
Whakamātautau PMI	Manatoko i ngā huānga koranu pēnei i te Cr, Ni me te Mo	Āwhina ki te ārai i te whakaranu rauemi hē me te ārai i te mōrearea rūpahu
Tirotiro i te Diameter me te Manawanui	Ka whakarite i te tika o ngā āhuatanga mō te tuhi, te raranga me te hanga puna	Ka whakaiti i te ngaronga o te whakaputanga me ngā raruraru huihuinga
Whakamātautau Kaha Kume	Ka whakaū i te mahi ngawari, mārō, puna rānei	He mea nui mō ngā puna, ngā mata, ngā here me ngā tono e pā ana ki te kawenga
Tirotiro Mata	Ka tirotiro i ngā karawarawa, te hinu, te waikura, ngā kapiti me te ma	He mea nui mō te hauora, te kai, te tātari me te whakapaipai
Tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru	Arotake motuhake e SGS, BV, TÜV, tari rānei i whakaritea e te kiritaki	Tautoko ana i ngā ota kaupapa nui me te tuku kaweake tino whakawhirinaki

Mō te waea kowiri tira, kāore e hiahiatia ana te whakamātautau UT i ngā wā katoa nā te iti o te wāhanga, engari ka taea te kōrero mō te tokotoko waea, mō ngā rauemi kaupapa motuhake rānei i mua i te tuhi. Mō ngā ota nui, ka taea e ngā kiritaki te tono pūrongo PMI, pūrongo whakamātautau kume, tohu tau wera, tapanga koiri me ngā whakaahua i mua i te tuku.

Ngā Taupānga Ngāwari, Mārō me te Kōanga

Ko te whiriwhiri rauemi tika mō te waea maitai kore waikura 316L e whakawhirinaki ana ki te horopaki tono. Tērā pea ka hiahia te kaihanga mīhini kai ki te waea ngohengohe kanapa mō te hanga ma, engari ko te kaihanga mata tātari e hiahia ana ki te diameter pumau me te mata maeneene. Me hiahia te kaihanga puna ki te kaha kume, te mahi ngāwari me te kounga koiri pumau.

Waea Kowiri tira ngohengohe 316L

He pai te waea maitai kore waikura ngohengohe 316L kua whakamahanahia mō ngā mahi e hiahia ana ki te ngāwari, te piko me te ngāwari ki te hanga. He mea whakamahi noa hei waea here kowiri tira, waea raranga, waea here, waea taputapu kai, waea tautoko hauora me te waea hanga whānui. Nā te pai o te ngāwari ka māmā ake te tukatuka me te kore e pakaru.

Waea Kowiri tira 316L kua tāia mārō

He nui ake te kaha kume me te pumau o ngā āhuatanga o te waea maitai kore waikura 316L i te waea ngohengohe. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā mata waea, ngā mata, ngā pine, ngā whakapiri, ngā wāhanga hanga matao, ngā paraihe maitai kore waikura me ngā wāhanga ahumahi e hiahiatia ana te kaha me te ātete ki te waikura.

Waea Puna Kowiri tira 316L

Ka whakamahia te waea puna 316L ina nui ake te ātete ki te waikura i te kaha mōrahi o te puna. Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā puna iti, ngā topenga, ngā mowhiti pupuri, ngā wāhanga moana me ngā wāhanga taputapu matū. Heoi, mō ngā kawenga puna tino teitei, mō te mahi ngenge teitei rānei, ka taea hoki e ngā miihini te aromatawai i te 302, 304, 17-7PH me ētahi atu rauemi puna rānei, i runga i ngā āhuatanga hoahoa.

Ngā Taupānga Ahumahi

E whakamahia ana te waea kowiri tira 316L puta noa i ngā ahumahi maha nā te mea e whakakotahi ana i te ātete ki te waikura, te ngāwari ki te mahi, te ma me te wātea ki te kaweake. He tino whai hua i ngā taiao kāore pea e ranea te ātete waikura o te waea kowiri tira waro noa, te waea kowiri tira 304 rānei.

Ahumahi	Te Whakamahinga Noa	He aha i whiriwhiria ai te waea 316L
Ngā Taputapu Moana	Taura waea, topenga, kupenga, puna, wāhanga whakau	He pai ake te ātete ki te waikura o te pūhaumāota i te 304
Kai me te Inu	Mata kawe, waea here, wāhanga taputapu	He mata ma, he ātete ki te waikura, he ngāwari hoki te horoi
Te Tukatuka Matū	Mata tātari, wāhanga puna, waea whakamau	Ka whakapai ake te Molybdenum i te ātete ki ngā momo pāpāho waikura maha
Hauora me te Rongoā	Waea tika, waea tautoko, wāhanga taputapu ma	He iti te waro, he maeneene te mata, ā, he pumau te kounga o ngā rauemi
Tātari me te Mata	Mata whatu, mata tātari, waea papa demister	He ātete pai ki te waikura me te diameter waea ōrite
Ngā Puna Ahumahi	Ngā puna iti, ngā topenga rapa, ngā wāhanga pupuri	He pai ina he mea nui te ātete ki te waikura

Te Whakataurite ki ngā Rauemi Rite

He maha ngā wā ka whakaritea te waea kowiri tira 316L ki te waea kowiri tira 304, 316, 302, 304L me te 17-7PH. Ko te rauemi pai rawa atu ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga waikura, te tikanga hanga, te kaha e hiahiatia ana, te pāmahana, te tahua me ngā hiahia tiwhikete.

Rauemi	Painga Matua	Te Herenga	Kōwhiringa i Manakohia
Waea Kowiri tira 304	He iti te utu, ā, e wātea whānuitia ana	He iti ake te ātete ki te pūhaumāota i te 316L	Ngā taiao whānui o roto, ngā taiao waikura ngawari rānei
Waea Kowiri tira 304L	He iti te waro, he pai hoki te kaha ki te whakarewa	Kāore he tāpiri molybdenum	Ngā wāhanga whakarewa me ngā āhuatanga waikura ngawari
Waea Kowiri tira 316	Te ātete ki te waikura e mau ana i te molybdenum	He nui ake te waro i te 316L	Ngā tono whānui mō te moana me te matū, kāore he tono waro iti rawa
Waea Kowiri tira 316L	Te ātete ki te waikura o te Mo me te iti o te kaha ki te whakarewa waro	Ehara i te rauemi puna tino kaha	Ngā hua waea moana, matū, kai, hauora me te ahumahi ma
Waea Kowiri tira 17-7PH	Te kaha teitei me te mahi puna i muri i te whakapakeketanga o te ua	Ngā whakaritenga rerekē mō te waikura me te maimoatanga wera	Puna kaha teitei me ngā tono e pā ana ki te rererangi

Ngā Painga me ngā Herenga o te Rauemi

He pai te taurite o te ātete ki te waikura, te ngāwari ki te whakarewa, te ma, me te ngāwari ki te mahi, nā te waea kowiri tira 316L. He rauemi whai hua tēnei mā ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki tētahi waea kowiri tira pono mō ngā kaupapa kaweake, te hanga mīhini, ngā pūnaha tātari, ngā taputapu moana, ngā taputapu kai me ngā hua waea ritenga.

Ngā Painga Matua

Ko ngā painga matua o te waea maitai kore waikura 316L ko te ātete pai ake ki te hauota ki te 304, te ngāwari o te hanga i roto i te āhua ngohengohe, te kaha ake i muri i te kume makariri, te iti o te kaha ki te whakarewa waro, ngā kōwhiringa whakaoti mata pai me te hototahi whānui ki ngā paerewa o te ao. Ka taea hoki te tuku me te MTC whai-whaiaro, te manatoko PMI me te takai kaweake ritenga.

Ngā Herenga Rauemi

Kāore te 316L e tino ātete ki ngā taiao pūhaumāota katoa. I roto i te kukū pūhaumāota teitei, i te wai moana pāmahana teitei, i te papa pūhaumāota waikawa, i ngā āhuatanga waikura nui rānei, ka whakaarohia pea te maitai kowiri tira takirua, te maitai kowiri tira takirua nui, te 904L, te 254 SMO, te koranu nikara rānei. Mō ngā puna kaha rawa, kāore pea te 316L e whakakapi i ngā rauemi puna whakapakeke-ua kua whakaritea.

Aratohu Hoko mō te Waea Kowiri tira 316L

I te hoko waea maitai kore waikura 316L, me whakarato e ngā kaihoko ngā taipitopito hangarau mārama kia kore ai e mārama te hē o te waea ngohengohe, te waea mārō me te waea puna. Mā te uiuinga katoa ka āwhina i te kaiwhakarato ki te whakaū tika i te huarahi whakaputa, te utu, te wā tuku me ngā whakaritenga tirotiro.

Ngā Mōhiohio Uiui e Manakohia ana

Tuemi Uiui	Ngā Taipitopito Tauira
Tau	316L / UNS S31603 / 1.4404 / SUS316L
Diameter	0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, whakaritea rānei
Āhua	Ngāwari te whakamahana, hawhe mārō, mārō te kume, te āhua o te puna
Whakaotinga Mata	He mata kanapa, he mata ma, he mata pīataata, he mata oro, he mata ma
Te tākai	Koiri, pōro, pōro, rīra kirihou, pouaka rakau, papa reti
Ngā Tuhinga Tirotiro	EN 10204 3.1 MTC, pūrongo PMI, whakamātautau kume, tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru

Mō ngā tukunga kaweake, ka taea e SAKY STEEL te tautoko i te tākai ātete-makuku, te whakahaere tapanga koiri, te whai i te maha o te wera, te tākai pouaka rakau, te tākai papa me te whakarite tuhinga tuku e ai ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. Mō ngā ota nui, ngā ota tukurua rānei, e taunakihia ana kia whakaūhia te tauira me te arotake i ngā whakaritenga i mua i te whakaputanga.

He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te SAKY STEEL mō te waea maitai kore waikura 316L?

Ka tukuna e SAKY STEEL he waea kowiri tira, he taura waea kowiri tira, he pae kowiri tira, he paipa kowiri tira, he pereti kowiri tira me ngā rauemi ahumahi e pā ana ki ngā kiritaki o te ao. Mō te Waea Kowiri tira 316L, ka arotahi mātou ki te uara hoko whai hua: te whiriwhiri tika i te tohu, te kounga mata pumau, ngā tuhinga ka taea te whai, te takai kaweake me te tautoko utu tere.

Ngā Āheinga a te Kaiwhakarato

Kei roto i ngā tautoko e wātea ana ko te diameter kua whakaritea, te āhua ngohengohe, te āhua mārō rānei, te matapae waea puna, te mata kanapa, te mata oro, te tākai koiri, te takai pōro rānei, te tuku MTC, te whakamātautau PMI, te whakaritenga tirotiro tuatoru me te tuku kaweake ngāwari. Mō ngā tono whakamahinga mutunga motuhake, ka taea e tā mātou tīma te āwhina ki te whakaū mēnā he pai ake te 316L, 304, 316, 17-7PH, te koranu takirua, tētahi atu koranu rānei.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Waea Kowiri tira 316L

He pai te waea kowiri tira 316L mō ngā mahi moana?

Āe. He mea noa te whakamahi i te waea kowiri tira 316L i roto i ngā taiao moana me ngā taiao kei roto te pūhaumāota nā te mea ka pai ake te ātete o te waikura ki te waikura 304 i roto i te nui o te molybdenum. Heoi, mō te rumaki nui ki te wai moana, mō te mahi pūhaumāota pāmahana teitei rānei, me whakamahi pea i ngā rauemi koranu teitei ake.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te waea ngohengohe 316L me te waea mārō 316L?

Ka whakamahanahia te waea ngohengohe 316L, ā, he māmā ake te piko, te hanga me te here. Ka whakapakarihia te waea 316L kua kumea mārō mā te kumea makariri, ā, he kaha ake te kume, engari he iti ake te ngāwari. Ko te kōwhiringa tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hiahia kia ngāwari te hanga, kia kaha rānei te whakamahinga.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te waea kowiri tira 316L mō ngā puna?

Ka taea te whakamahi i te waea kowiri tira 316L mō ngā puna ātete-waikura, ngā topenga me ngā wāhanga rapa ina he āhua ōrite te kaha e hiahiatia ana. Mō ngā hoahoa puna ngenge nui, puna kaha rawa rānei, ka taea hoki te aromatawai i ētahi atu momo puna pēnei i te 302, 304, 17-7PH rānei.

Ka taea e SAKY STEEL te whakarato whakamātautau MTC me PMI?

Āe. Ka taea e SAKY STEEL te whakarato i te EN 10204 3.1 MTC e ai ki ngā whakaritenga ota, ā, ka taea hoki te tautoko i ngā whakamātautau PMI, te whakamātautau kume me te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mō ngā ota kaupapa, ngā mahere whakahaere kounga rānei kua tohua e te kiritaki.

He aha ngā mōhiohio me whakarato e au mō tētahi whakatau utu?

Tēnā homai te tohu, te paerewa, te whānui, te manawanui, te āhua, te mutunga o te mata, te rahinga, te whakaritenga mō te koiri, te takai rānei, ngā tuhinga tirotiro, te tauranga ūnga me te whakaritenga tuku. Mena ka whakamahia te waea mō ngā puna, mō te mata rānei, tēnā homai hoki ngā whakaritenga mō te kaha kume, te hanganga rānei.

Ngā Hua e Pā Ana

Tērā pea ka hiahia ngā kaihoko e hoko ana i te Waea Kowiri tira 316L ki ētahi atu hua kowiri tira mō taua kaupapa, pūnaha taputapu rānei. Ka taea e SAKY STEEL te tautoko i te hoko tahi mō te waea kowiri tira, te taura waea kowiri tira, te pae kowiri tira, te paipa kowiri tira, te pereti kowiri tira me ngā rauemi kowiri tira kua whakaritea.

Hua e pā ana	Ngā Tohu Noa	Te Whakamahinga Noa
Taura Waea Kowiri tira	304, 316, 316L	Te whakamahi i te moana, te hiki, te reera, te hoahoanga me te ahumahi
Pae Porowhita Kowiri tira	304, 316L, 2205, 17-4PH	Te mahi mīhini, ngā toki, ngā here me ngā wāhanga taputapu
Paipa me te Ngongo Kowiri tira	304, 316L, 321, 310S	Te kawe wai, te whakawhiti wera, ngā pūnaha akuaku me te hanganga
Pereti Kowiri tira	304, 316L, 904L, 2205	Ngā tāke, ngā taputapu pēhanga, te hangahanga moana me te matū

Whakamutunga

He rauemi pono te Waea Kowiri tira 316L mō ngā kiritaki e hiahia ana ki te ātete ki te waikura, te kounga o te mata ma, te ngoikore o te waro, me te ngāwari o te tuku i roto i ngā āhuatanga ngawari, mārō, me te puna. Nā te hanganga e mau ana i te molybdenum, he mea tino whai hua i roto i te moana, te matū, te tukatuka kai, te tātari, te hauora me te ahumahi.

Mō te angitu o te hoko, me whakaū ngā kaihoko i te kounga anake, tae atu ki te whānui o te waea, te āhua o te waea, te kaha o te kume, te mutunga o te mata, te āhua o te koiri, te whakaritenga MTC, te whakamātautau PMI, te takai me te wā tuku. Mā te whakahaere tika i ngā whakatakotoranga me te whai i ngā rauemi, ka taea e te waea maitai kore waikura 316L te whakarato i te mahi pumau me te uara roa mō ngā kaupapa hangarau.

Karanga ki te Mahi