Ngongo Kowiri tira 347: Ngā Painga mō te Whakarewatanga Pāmahana-Tiketike

Ngongo Kowiri tira 347: Ngā Painga mō te Whakarewatanga Pāmahana-Tiketike

Kupu Whakataki

Ngongo Kowiri tira 347He ngongo kowiri tira austenitic kua whakapūmautia ki te niobium e whakamahia ana ina mau tonu te ātete o ngā wāhanga kua whakarewaina ki te waikura i muri i te pānga ki ngā pāmahana teitei. He mea whakarite noa iho mō ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā pūnaha oumu, ngā huihuinga putanga hau, ngā paipa hinu me ngā taputapu tukatuka wera. Me manatoko e ngā kaihoko te UNS S34700, te paerewa ngongo tika, te whakapūmautanga niobium, te maimoatanga wera, te whānuitanga whakamātautau me te whai i te tau wera i mua i te whakaae i te rauemi.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua:He rite te matū o te karaehe 347 ki te 304 engari kei roto ko te niobium hei whakaiti i te maturuturunga o te chromium carbide i te wā e whakarewahia ana, e werahia ana hoki. He mea tino whai hua tēnei ina mahi te ngongo i roto i te awhe pāmahana whakaaweawe, ina haere tonu rānei i roto i te awhe pāmahana whakaaweawe. Ehara i te mea hei whakakapinga whānui mō te 304L, 316L, 321 rānei. Ko te kōwhiringa tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pāmahana, te reo waikura, te whirihoranga whakarewa, te hoahoa pēhanga me ngā whakaritenga whakahaere.

Ka tukuna e SAKY STEEL ngā ngongo kowiri tira kore-waikura, he mea whakarewa, he mea hanga ki te 304, 304L, 316L, 321, 347, 347H, 310S me ngā momo e pā ana. Ko ngā tuhinga kounga e wātea ana ko te EN 10204 3.1 MTC, ngā rekoata PMI, ngā pūrongo ā-ahu, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau wai-pūmau, kore-whakangaro rānei, ngā rekoata maimoatanga wera me ngā tuhinga tirotiro tuatoru e ai ki ngā whakaritenga hoko.

He aha te ngongo kowiri tira 347?

Ko te maitai kore waikura 347 he koranu chromium-nickel austenitic kua whakapūmautia ki te niobium, i whakaahuahia hoki i roto i ētahi whakatakotoranga mā te whakamahi i te kupu columbium. He kaha ake te hononga o te niobium ki te waro i te chromium. I te wā o te whakaputanga whakahaere me te wera i muri mai, ka hangaia he niobium carbide pumau, ka āwhina ki te tiaki i te chromium tata ki ngā rohe kōhatu.

He mea nui tēnei pumautanga nā te mea ka taea e te maitai kore waikura austenitic kāore i pumau te whakaaweawe i muri i te whakarewanga, i te roa rānei o te wā e whakamahia ana ki ngā pāmahana waenga. Tērā pea ka tau ngā waro chromium ki ngā rohe o te kōpura, ka waiho ngā rohe kua pau te chromium kia ngoikore ki te waikura intergranular. Ka whakaitihia tēnei mōrearea e te karaehe 347 ina whakahaeretia tika te matū, te maimoatanga wera me te tukanga hanga.

Ngā Wāhi Tirotiro Raraunga Hua me ngā Whakatakotoranga

Taonga	Whakaritenga Noa	Tirotiro Kaihoko
Tau	347 / UNS S34700	Kaua e whakaae ki tētahi tiwhikete e whakaatu ana i te "kowiri tira" me te "18-8" anake.
Puka Hua	Ngongo tui kore, ngongo whakarewa, ngongo whakawhiti wera, paipa pēhanga rānei	Tīpakohia te paerewa e ōrite ana ki te āhua tuturu o te hua.
Ngā Ahu	OD × matotoru o te pakitara × roa, me ngā āheinga kua whakaritea	Kāore pea te rahi ingoa anake e taea te tautuhi tika i ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera.
Mata	He mea whakamātao, he mea kanapa kua whakamahanahia, he mea oro, he mea horoi motuhake rānei mō te kaupapa	Tauwhāitihia motuhaketia ngā whakaritenga o te mata o roto, o waho hoki.
Āhua	Te āhua o te wairewa-whakamahana e ai ki te whakatakotoranga i tonoa	Arotakehia ngā raraunga maimoatanga wera ina he mea nui te ratonga pāmahana teitei.

Te Hanganga Matū

Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te 347 me ngā momo kowiri tira 18Cr-8Ni ko te pumau o te niobium. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga ahumahi e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ko te whakaritenga niobium-me-tantalum e pā ana ki te ihirangi waro, ā, e whakahaeretia ana i roto i te paerewa rauemi e tika ana. Me arotake te MTC tuturu nā te mea kāore e taea te whakaū i te tohu i runga i te āhua.

Tau	C	Cr	Ni	Nb + Ta	Tūranga Hangarau
347 / S34700	Whakahaeretia e ngā whakaritenga; tae atu ki te 0.08% te nuinga	Ko te tikanga 17.0-19.0%	I te nuinga o te wā 9.0-13.0%	Te tāpiritanga pumau e herea ana ki te ihirangi waro i raro i te paerewa e tika ana	Ka whakaiti i te pāwera me te mōrearea o te waikura intergranular i muri i te weranga.
347H / S34709	Te awhe waro teitei ake i raro i te whakatakotoranga e tika ana	Te whānuitanga o te chromium e rite ana	Te whānuitanga nikara e rite ana	Niobium kua whakapūmautia	Ka whakamahia i te wā e hiahiatia ana te kaha o te pāmahana teitei me te whanonga ngoki.

Ko ngā uara e whakaaturia ana he tohutoro whakatakotoranga noa iho, ehara i te whakakapi mō te paerewa whakahaere. Me whakawhirinaki te whakaaetanga whakamutunga ki te ota hoko, te putanga e tika ana o te paerewa me te tātari wera tuturu.

Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-Mīhini me te Pāmahana-Teitei

I te pāmahana rūma, he rite ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te ngongo 347 ki ētahi atu momo kowiri tira austenitic. Ka puta tōna uara hoko i te wā e whakamahia ana te whakarewa i te pāmahana teitei. Ka tautoko te whakapūmautanga niobium i te ātete ki te whakararuraru, ā, ka whakaratohia e te hanganga austenitic te ngāwari whai hua, te mahi hanga me te pakari.

Taonga	Ngā Whakaritenga, Ngā Whanoketanga Noa rānei	Te Hiranga o te Hokonga
Kaha Kume	Ko ngā whakatakotoranga ngongo noa e whakatakoto ana i ngā uara kume iti rawa o te pāmahana rūma.	Tirohia te hua tuturu me te whakatakotoranga o te tauira i runga i te MTC.
Te Kaha o te Hua	E whakahaerehia ana e ai ki te paerewa hua, te matotoru o te pakitara me te āhua.	E pā ana ki te hoahoa pēhanga, te whakawhānui me te hanga ngongo.
Te whakaroa	He ngāwari pai i roto i te āhua whakawera-wairewa.	Tautoko ana i te piko, te mura, te whakawhanui i te rau ngongo me te whakarewa.
Te Pūmautanga o te Wera	He ātete pai ake ki te pāwera ki te whakataurite ki te waro-paerewa 304 kāore i te pumau.	He mea nui mō ngā huringa whakarewa auau me te roa o te pānga ki te pāmahana teitei.

Ngā Paerewa me ngā Tohutoro Tohu e tika ana

Ko tētahi hapa noa a te kaihoko ko te tuku ota mā te whakamahi i te "ngongo 347" anake. Ko te paerewa hua e tautuhi ana i te huarahi hanga, ngā ine, te maimoatanga wera, te whakamātautau me te whakaae. E whakamahia whānuitia ana te ASTM A213 mō ngā ngongo maitai-konumohe ferritic me te austenitic, ngā ngongo whakamahana nui me ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera. E aro ana te ASTM A269 ki ngā ngongo kowiri tira austenitic kore hononga me te whakarewa mō te mahi whānui. E pā ana te ASTM A312 ki ngā paipa kowiri tira austenitic kore hononga, whakarewa me te mahi matao nui, kaua ki te ngongo tino tika.

Whakatūnga	Tohutoro	Whānuitanga Noa	Tirotiro Kaihoko
347	UNS S34700	He kowiri tira austenitic kua whakapūmautia ki te niobium.	Manatokohia te matū me te pumau o te niobium.
347H	UNS S34709	Ratonga pēhanga pāmahana teitei ake ina tohua te kaha pāmahana teitei.	Kaua e whakakapia te 347 me te 347H me te kore he whakaaetanga a te miihini.
ASTM A213 / ASME SA213 TP347	Paerewa hua ngongo	He poihau maeneene, he whakamahana nui me ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera.	Whakaūtia te OD, te pakitara, te tikanga whakamātautau me te maimoatanga wera.
ASTM A269 TP347	Paerewa ngongo ratonga whānui	Ngongo kowiri tira austenitic tui kore, whakarewa rānei.	Tirohia mēnā me whai paerewa anō te ratonga waehere-pēhanga.
Tohutoro Pākehā	1.4550 / X6CrNiNb18-10	Ko te tohutoro rauemi noa o Ūropi mō te maitai kore waikura austenitic kua whakapūmautia.	Me tirohia ngā tohutoro ōrite ki te paerewa o te kaupapa.

Rārangi Arowhai Tiwhikete me te Aroturuki Rauemi

He mea nui te whai i ngā rauemi nā te mea he rite te āhua o ngā ngongo 304, 321 me te 347. Me hono tonu te tohu tau-wera ki te MTC mā te tapahi, te tirotiro, te paihere me te tākai. Mō ngā ota kaupapa, me uru ki te whakahaere rauemi ārai-rūpahu te arotake tapanga, te manatoko PMI me te taurite tuhinga i mua i te tuku.

Tuemi Tiwhikete	Tirotiro e hiahiatia ana	Whakahaerehia te Mōrearea
EN 10204 3.1 MTC	Te māka, te paerewa, te tau wera, ngā ine, te matū, ngā hua kume me te maimoatanga wera.	He māka hē, he tiwhikete kāore anō kia oti.
Pūrongo PMI	Whakaūtia te urupare a te chromium, te nickel me te niobium ki te karaehe kua whakaaetia.	Te whakaranu i te 347 ki te 304, 321, ki tētahi atu momo austenitic rānei.
Pūrongo NDT	Mā te whakamātautau i te iahiko eddy, te ultrasonic, te hydrostatic, te hau rānei e hiahiatia ana.	Ngā hapa pakitara kāore i kitea, ngā ara turuturu rānei.
Pūrongo Ahu	Te matotoru o te pakitara, te roa, te tika me te porowhita i ngā wāhi kua tohua.	Te taunga o te ngongo-rau, te kore taurite o te whakarewanga, me te whakakorenga o te hanga.
Tirotiro a te Rōpū Tuatoru	Arotakehia ngā rauemi, ngā tuhinga, ngā whakamātautau, te tohu me te tākai i mua i te tuku.	Ngā tautohe mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te āhua o te tuku.

Te Whakataurite ki ngā Kounga Kowiri tira rite

Ehara i te mea ko te 347 te ngongo kowiri tira pai rawa atu mō ngā pūnaha wera katoa. Tērā pea he rawaka te 304L mō ngā taputapu whakarewa kāore e pāngia e ngā pāmahana whakararuraru i muri mai. Ka whakamahia e te 321 te whakau titanium, ā, he rite tonu te mahi ki te pāmahana teitei. Ka tāpirihia e te 316L te molybdenum hei whakapai ake i te ātete i roto i ngā taiao maha kei roto he chloride engari kāore i te whakau niobium.

Tau	Painga Matua	Te Herenga	Te Taunakitanga mō te Whakamahinga Pai rawa atu
304L	He iti te waro, he pai te kaha ki te whakarewa, ā, he whānui te wātea.	Kāore i whakapūmautia mō te roa o te wā e noho ana i te pāmahana teitei.	Ngā paipa whaowhao whānui i ngā pāmahana mahi taurite.
321	Te pumau o te titanium me te hītori ratonga pai mō te pāmahana teitei.	Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi whakaaro mō te rewa me te hanga e te mana whakahaere o te titanium.	Te hauhautanga, te huringa wera me ngā taputapu pāmahana teitei kua whakarewaina.
347	Te pumau o te niobium me te tino pai mō te mahi wera whakarewa.	He nui ake te utu, ā, he iti ake te rahi o ngā hea noa i te 304L.	Ngā paipa whakarewa pāmahana teitei me ngā taputapu pēhanga.
316L	Ka whakapai ake te molybdenum i te ātete ki te maha o ngā taiao pūhaumāota me ngā taiao matū.	Kāore i te whakaarohia hei whakakapi tika mō te 347, kua whakapūmautia rānei.	Ngā paipa matū me ngā paipa tukatuka e tino pāngia ana e te waikura.

Ngā Taupānga Ahumahi

Tono	Kōwhiringa Tuku Iho	347 Painga Ngongo	Arotahi ki ngā Whakatakotoranga
Ngā Ngongo Pūwero me ngā Ngongo Whakamahana Nui	304H, tētahi atu momo austenitic ātete wera rānei	Ka tautoko te matū pumau i te mahi whakarewa pāmahana teitei.	ASTM A213, ASME SA213 rānei, ngā pūrongo hoahoa me ngā whakamātautau pēhanga.
Ngā Whakamahana Tukanga Petrochemical	304L, 321 rānei, kei runga i te ratonga	Kua pai ake te ātete ki te pāwera huri noa i ngā hononga whakarewa.	Te pāmahana, te reo tukatuka, te tukanga whakarewa me te āheinga waikura.
Ngā Huinga Pūwero Ātea	321 kowiri tira	Te whakau i te niobium mō ngā huringa wera me te whakarewatanga anō.	Te manawanui ki te pakitara angiangi, te ma, te tukanga whakarewa me te whai i te huarahi.
Ngā Whakawhiti Wera Pāmahana-Teitei	304L, 316L rānei	He pai ake te noho ki ngā wāhi e nui ana te pānga o te wera ki te tinana.	Tikanga whāriki-ngū, NDT, āhua o te mata me te matū ratonga.

Ngā Hipanga Whakatakotoranga a te Kaihoko

✅ Whakahuatia mēnā he ngongo, he paipa rānei te whakaritenga, ā, tīpakohia te paerewa hua e rite ana.

✅ Tauwhāitihia te 347, te 347H rānei; kaua e whakaaetia te whakakapinga me te kore he whakaaetanga hangarau.

✅ Tautuhia te OD, te matotoru o te pakitara, te roa, te manawanui, te āhua o te mata me te mutunga.

✅ Whakarārangihia ngā whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana, tae atu ki te ia hurihuri, te UT, te whakamātautau waikura, te whakamātautau PMI, te whakamātautau waikura ā-ira rānei mēnā e tika ana.

✅ Me whai whakawhiti tau wera, taurite MTC, whakaahua tākai me te tautuhi mārama i te paihere.

Ngā Hapa a te Kaihoko

Te tono mā te māka anake:Kāore te "ngongo 347" e tautuhi i te hanganga maeneene, te hanganga whakarewa rānei, ngā ine, te whakamātautau, te ratonga pēhanga rānei e whakaarohia ana.

Te whakapoauau i te 347 me te 347H:He rerekē ngā kaupapa matua mō te hoahoa o ngā tohu. Tērā pea ka whakawhirinaki ngā tataunga pēhanga pāmahana teitei ki te tohu me te waehere whakahaere.

Te kore aro ki te niobium i runga i te MTC:Kāore e taea e te tiwhikete, ki te kore he raraunga whakau, te whakaatu tika i te āhuatanga matua o te māka 347.

Ki te whakaaro ka whakakapia e te PMI te tātari matū katoa:He pai te PMI mō te manatoko i te koranu, engari me whai tikanga taiwhanga tika ngā huānga māmā me te waro. He mea nui tonu te tātari wera taketake.

Kāore i te whakahuatia te NDT:He rerekē ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau i runga i te paerewa, te āhua o te hua me te hiranga o te kaupapa. Me tautuhi ngā pūrongo e hiahiatia ana i mua i te whakaputanga.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te mea e pai ai te ngongo kowiri tira 347 mō te whakarewa?

Mā te whakau niobium ka whakawhāitihia te maturuturunga o te chromium carbide i ngā rohe o te kōpaka. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te tiaki i te ātete waikura i te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera ina pāngia te huihuinga ngongo kua oti ki ngā pāmahana teitei i muri mai.

He ātete ake te maitai kore waikura 347 ki te waikura i te 316L?

Kāore i roto i ngā taiao katoa. Ko te karaehe 347 te mea i whiriwhiria mō te pumau me te mahi whakarewa pāmahana teitei. Kei roto i te karaehe 316L te molybdenum, ā, tera pea ka pai ake te mahi i roto i ngā momo rauemi e mau ana te hauhāora. Me whai te kōwhiringa i te pāmahana me te matū tukanga.

Ka taea e te 321 te whakakapi i te 347?

He momo austenitic whakapūmau te 321 me te 347, engari ko tētahi e whakamahi ana i te titanium, ko tētahi e whakamahi ana i te niobium. Me whakaaetia e te miihini te whakakapinga nā te mea he rerekē pea ngā whakatakotoranga, ngā tikanga whakarewa, te wātea me ngā raraunga hoahoa pāmahana teitei.

Ko tēhea tiwhikete me tono?

EN 10204 3.1 He mea tono noa te MTC mō ngā ota ahumahi. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he tiwhikete 3.2 mō ngā taputapu pēhanga, ngā kaupapa nui rānei, he whakaaturanga mai i te hunga tuatoru, he pūrongo PMI, he pūrongo NDT, he rekoata maimoatanga wera me ētahi atu tuhinga kaupapa.

He aha ngā mea e tika ana kia whakaurua ki roto i te RFQ o tētahi ngongo kowiri tira 347?

Whakaurua te māka, te tau UNS, te paerewa ASTM, ASME rānei, te hanganga tuturu, te hanganga whakarewa rānei, te OD, te matotoru o te pakitara, te roa, te rahinga, te mata, te maimoatanga wera, te manawanui, te whakamātautau, te momo tiwhikete, te tikanga tākai me te tauranga ūnga.

Ngā Hua Kowiri tira e pā ana

Hua e pā ana	Ngā Tohu Noa	Te Whakamahinga Noa
Paipa Kowiri tira	304L, 316L, 321, 347, 310S	Ngā paipa pēhanga, ngā raina matū me ngā pūnaha pāmahana teitei.
Ngongo Kowiri tira	304, 316L, 321, 347	Ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā poiha, ngā taputapu me te hanga.
Pae Kowiri tira	304, 316L, 321, 347, 17-4PH	Ngā wāhanga mīhini, ngā here, ngā toki me ngā wāhanga taputapu wera.

Whakamutunga

Ka whakaratohia e te ngongo maitai kore waikura 347 he otinga whakahaere mō ngā huihuinga whakarewa kua whakawetohia ki ngā pāmahana whakaaweawe. Ko tōna matū kua whakapūmauhia e te niobium ka āwhina ki te tiaki i te ātete ki te waikura rohe-kōpaka me te pupuri tonu i ngā painga hanga o te maitai kore waikura austenitic. Ko te hoko pono e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whiriwhiri i te paerewa hua tika, te wehewehe i te 347 mai i te 347H, te whakaū i te niobium i runga i te MTC me te tautuhi i te NDT i mua i te hanga.