E mōhio ana koe ki te hangarua i te maitai kore waikura?

Ko te rino kore waikura tētahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e pumau ana hoki i roto i ngā ahumahi hou. Mai i te hanganga me te kawe waka ki ngā taputapu hauora me ngā taputapu o te whare, he mea nui te rino kore waikura nā tōna pakari, tōna ātete ki te waikura, me tōna āhua ataahua. Engari he aha te mea ka tupu ina tae ngā hua rino kore waikura ki te mutunga o ō rātou oranga mahi? Ko te rongo pai ko te rino kore waikura ka taea te hangarua 100 ōrau, ā, kua noho te hangarua hei wāhanga nui o ngā mahi pumau o te ao.

E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i te hangarua o te maitai kore waikura, te hiranga o tēnei mea mō te taiao me te ōhanga, me ngā mahi ka taea e ngā ahumahi me ngā kaihoko te mahi hei whakanui ake i ngā painga o te hangarua.

He aha te Hiranga o te Hangarua Kowiri tira

Ehara i te mea ko te whakaiti noa i te para te mahi hangarua o te maitai kore waikura. Ka whai wāhi atu ki te ōhanga porowhita, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, ā, ka tiaki i ngā rauemi taiao whai hua. Ko ētahi o ngā painga matua ko:

• Te tiaki i ngā rauemi mataMā te hangarua ka whakaitihia te hiahia ki te keri i te nikara, te chromium, me te rino.

• Te whai huatanga o te pūngaoHe iti ake te pūngao e pau ana i te hangarua o te maitai kore waikura ki te whakaritea ki te hanga tuatahi.

• He iti ake te tapuwae waroMā te whakamahi anō i ngā para o te maitai kore waikura ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.

• Te āheinga hangarua mutunga koreKa taea te hangarua i te kowiri tira i ngā wā katoa, me te kore e ngaro tōna kounga, ōna āhuatanga rānei.

I te anga whakamua o ngā ahumahi ki ngā mahi tauwhiro, kua noho te hangarua kowiri tira hei kaupapa matua o te ao.

Te Tukanga Whakamahi Anō i te Kowiri tira

1. Kohinga Para

Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te kohikohi i ngā para o te maitai kore waikura. Ka taea tēnei te ahu mai i:

• Ngā para ahumahi pēnei i ngā toenga mai i ngā whare hanga

• Ngā taputapu tawhito, ngā waka, me ngā mīhini

• Ngā taonga o te whare pērā i ngā totohu, ngā taputapu kai, me ngā taputapu tunu kai

He mea nui te mahi a ngā papa para, ngā pokapū hangarua, me ngā kaihokohoko whakarewa ki te kimi me te kohikohi i ngā para kowiri tira.

2. Te Whakarōpū me te Wehewehe

Kāore i te ōrite katoa ngā maitai kore waikura. He maha ngā momo, tae atu ki te austenitic, te ferritic, te martensitic, me te duplex. Mā te whakarōpūtanga ka whakamahia te momo para tika mō te tono tika. Ko ngā tikanga whakarōpūtanga ko:

• Tirotiro ā-ringa

• Wehenga aukume

• Tātaritanga irahiko matatau hei tautuhi i ngā hanganga koranu

3. Te Tukatuka me te Whakarite

Ka horoia ngā para kua kohia, ā, ka tukatukahia hei tango i ngā poke pērā i te kirihou, te paninga, te hinu rānei. I muri i te whakarite, ka tapatapahia, ka haehaea rānei kia iti ake te rahi kia pai ai te whakarewa.

4. Te whakarewa i roto i te oumu hiko (EAF)

Ka rewahia te para i roto i te oumu pewa hiko tino whai hua. Ka whakatikatikaina ngā huānga whakarewa pēnei i te nikara, te konukōmiuma, me te moripenema kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa tika.

5. Te Whakamahi me te Maka

Ka whakamahia te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura rewa kia tutuki ai te taurite matū e hiahiatia ana. Kātahi ka makaia ki roto i ngā pereti, i ngā pereki, i ngā poro rānei hei hurihuri, hei hanga, hei hanga rānei.

6. Te Hanga Hua Hou

Ka hurihia te maitai kore waikura hangarua hei rau, hei pae, hei ngongo, me ngā hua kua oti te whakahoki mai ki te mākete, hei whakaoti i te porowhita hangarua.

Ngā Whakamahinga Noa o te Kowiri tira hangarua

Kāore te maitai kore waikura hangarua e herea noa ki ngā tono iti te uara. Inaa, e whakamahia ana puta noa i ngā ahumahi mahi teitei:

• HangangaNgā pae whakakaha, ngā panera tuanui, me ngā wāhanga hanganga.

• AunoaNgā pūnaha whakaputa hau, ngā anga tinana, me ngā wāhanga miihini.

• RererangiNgā here rererangi, ngā wāhanga tāpine, me ngā koranu hanganga.

• Taonga KaihokoNgā taputapu kīhini, ngā taputapu hiko, me ngā taonga whakapaipai.

• Taputapu HauoraNgā taputapu pokanga me ngā hanganga hōhipera.

Mā tēnei whānuitanga o ngā mahi e whakaatu te hiranga o te hangarua.

Ngā Wero i roto i te Hangarua Kowiri tira

Ahakoa he tino taea te hangarua i te maitai kore waikura, tera ano etahi wero i roto i te tukanga:

1. Te poke: Ka whakaitihia te kounga o te para e ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa, e ngā koranu whakauru rānei.

2. Ngā Pūnaha KohikohiI ētahi rohe, kāore i te rawaka ngā hanganga tika mō te kohikohi para kowiri tira.

3. Ngā Hurihuri o te MāketeE pā ana te uara o te para maitai kore waikura ki ngā utu o te nikara me te konukōmiuma o te ao.

4. Ngā Hiahia HangarauE hiahiatia ana ngā taputapu matatau hei tātari me te wehewehe i ngā momo koranu rerekē kia whai hua ai.

Ahakoa ēnei wero, he mīharo tonu ngā reiti hangarua o te maitai kore waikura o te ao, me ētahi whakatau tata e kī ana neke atu i te 80 ōrau o te maitai kore waikura ka hangarua i muri i te whakamahinga.

Pānga Taiao me te Ōhanga

Ngā Painga Taiao

• He nui te hekenga o ngā tukunga CO2 ki te whakaritea ki te hanga maitai kore waikura tuatahi.

• Te tiaki i ngā rauropi mā te whakaiti i ngā mahi keri.

• Te iti ake o te whakamahinga pūngao i roto i te hanga.

Ngā Painga Ōhanga

• Te whakaiti i ngā utu rauemi mata mō ngā ahumahi.

• Te waihanga mahi i roto i te rāngai hangarua.

• Te pumau o te tuku o ngā konganuku nui pēnei i te nikara me te konukōmiuma.

He otinga whai hua te hangarua i te kowiri tira mō te taiao me te ōhanga.

Te Tūranga o ngā Ahumahi ki te Whakatairanga i te Hangarua

Kei te taha mua ngā ahumahi i te hangarua o te maitai kore waikura. Ko ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakarato pēnei i asakysteelkia kaha te whakatairanga i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hangarua i roto i ā rātou tukanga whakaputa. Mā te whakauru i ngā ihirangi hangarua, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakaiti i ō rātou pānga ki te taiao me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa oranga tonutanga o te ao.

Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, kei te haumi ngā ahumahi ki ngā hangarau matatau kia pai ake ai te kohikohi, te tātari, me te tukatuka para, kia tika ai te kounga o te maitai kore waikura hangarua mō ngā mahi o ēnei rā.

Me pēhea te whai wāhi a ngā kaihoko

Ahakoa e whakawhirinaki ana te hangarua nui ki ngā mahi ahumahi, he mahi anō tā ngā kaihoko:

• Te whakakorenga kawengaMe tuku e ngā kaihoko ki ngā pokapū hangarua ngā hua kowiri tira, kaua e maka atu.

• Te mōhiotangaMā te mārama he taea te hangarua 100 ōrau te maitai kore waikura ka pai ake te whanonga.

• Tautoko mō ngā waitohu pumauTe whiriwhiri i ngā hua mai i ngā kamupene pēnei isakysteele whakatairanga ana i te hangarua me te oranga tonutanga.

Te Ao o te Hangarua Kowiri tira

Kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia mō te maitai kore waikura i roto i te pūngao whakahou, te hangahanga, me te ahumahi matatau. Ka noho tonu te hangarua hei poutokomanawa mō tēnei tipu. Ko ngā au o te heke mai ko:

• Te whakanui ake i te aunoatanga o te tātari me te tukatuka para.

• Te whakawhānui ake i ngā whatunga hangarua o te ao.

• Ngā kaupapa here kaha ake a te kāwanatanga e whakatenatena ana i ngā mahi ōhanga porowhita.

• Te whakawhanaketanga o ngā oumu pewa hiko ma ake, he pai ake te penapena pūngao.

I te mea ka noho te oranga tonutanga hei āhuatanga matua mō te angitu o ngā ahumahi, ka nui haere te hiranga o te hangarua i te kowiri tira.

Whakamutunga

Nā, e mōhio ana koe ki te hangarua i te maitai kore waikura? Ko te tukanga he kohikohi tupato, he wehewehe, he whakarewa, he whakamahine, me te hanga hua hou. Ehara i te mea ka tiakina noa ngā rauemi me te pūngao e te hangarua engari ka tautoko hoki i te tiaki taiao me te tipu ōhanga.

Mā te mahi tahi a ngā ahumahi me ngā kaihoko, ka whakarite te hangarua o te maitai kore waikura kia whai hua tonu tēnei rauemi nui ki te hapori, me te kore e pau ngā rauemi taiao. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ka piki ake te whai huatanga me te whaihua o te hangarua, ka waiho te maitai kore waikura hei tetahi o ngā rauemi tino pumau o te ao hou.