Buku Logulira Mipiringidzo Yosapanga Chitsulo Chosapanga Chitsulo: Kukula, Kulekerera ndi Kumaliza

Chiyambi

Kwa magulu ogula omwe akufunafunakugula mipiringidzo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiriPofuna kutsimikizira kuti zinthuzo ndi zofunika pa oda, chofunika kwambiri ndi kutsimikizira kuti zinthuzo ndi zapamwamba bwanji, muyezo, kukula, kulekerera, kumalizidwa kwa pamwamba, satifiketi, njira yowunikira, kulongedza ndi nthawi yotumizira zinthu musanayike oda. Katswiri wopereka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ayenera kukhala ndi luso lopereka malangizo omveka bwino, kutsata zinthuzo, EN 10204 3.1 MTC, chithandizo chowunikira bwino, kulongedza zinthu kunja ndi kuthekera kokhazikika kotumizira zinthu.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosalala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zinthu, mafelemu, mabulaketi, zida zamakina, zida zopangira, zida zamakemikolo, mapulojekiti omanga, zolumikizira zam'madzi ndi kupanga mafakitale ambiri. Chifukwa chakuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga makina, kuwotcherera, kupinda kapena kusonkhanitsa, ogula sayenera kungoyerekeza mtengo wokha, komanso kuyang'ana kulekerera kwa miyeso, momwe m'mphepete mwake mulili, kuwongoka, mtundu wa pamwamba komanso kudalirika kwa makina owongolera khalidwe la ogulitsa.

SAKY STEEL imapereka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosalala zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yofanana monga 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 310S, 410, 420 ndi 430. M'lifupi, makulidwe, kutalika, kutsirizika kwa pamwamba ndi ntchito yodulira zitha kukonzedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za polojekiti.

Kodi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chokhala ndi Lathyathyathya N'chiyani?

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda banga ndi chitoliro cholimba cha rectangle chomwe chimapangidwa ndi njira zotenthetsera, zokoka zozizira, zodula, zodula kapena zopangira makina. Chili ndi chitoliro chopingasa chopingasa chopingasa ndipo nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa molunjika. Poyerekeza ndi chitoliro chozungulira kapena chitoliro chopingasa, chitoliro chopingasa n'chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pa mabulaketi, mafelemu, mbale zoyambira, zingwe zolimbitsa, zomangira zolumikizidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa.

Chisankho chogula mipiringidzo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chiyenera kuyamba ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Pa ntchito zonse zamkati ndi zopangira, mipiringidzo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ya 304 nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira. Pa malo ogwiritsira ntchito m'madzi, kloridi, mankhwala kapena kukonza chakudya, mipiringidzo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ya 316 kapena 316L nthawi zambiri imakondedwa chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri bwino. Pa ntchito zotentha kwambiri, 310S kapena 321 ingaganizidwe. Pazofunikira za maginito kapena kuuma kwakukulu, 410, 420 kapena 430 ingasankhidwe kutengera momwe ntchito yomaliza ingagwiritsidwire ntchito.

Mndandanda Wosankha Zinthu Zosapanga Chitsulo Cho ...

Kugula Chinthu	Zoyenera Kutsimikizira	Chifukwa Chake Ndi Chofunika
Giredi	304, 316L, 321, 310S, 410, 420, 430 kapena giredi yodziwika ndi polojekiti	Zimazindikira kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu, kusinthasintha kwa kuluka, ndi mtengo wake.
Muyezo	ASTM A276, ASTM A479, EN 10088, JIS G4303, GB/T 1220	Kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikugwirizana ndi kuvomereza ndi kutsatira malamulo a uinjiniya.
Kukula	M'lifupi, makulidwe ndi kutalika	Zimakhudza kupanga, kugawa zinthu ndi kuwerengera kulemera.
Kulekerera	Kulekerera m'lifupi, kulekerera makulidwe, kulunjika ndi kulekerera kutalika	Chofunika kwambiri pakupanga, kukonza makina ndi kukhazikitsa polojekiti.
Malizitsani	Yotenthedwa, yoviikidwa mu viniga, yowala, yopukutidwa, yophwanyidwa kapena yopukutidwa	Zimakhudza mawonekedwe, ntchito ya dzimbiri komanso kukonzekera makina.
Satifiketi	EN 10204 3.1 MTC, lipoti la PMI, kuwunika kwa anthu ena ngati pakufunika	Zimathandizira kutsata zinthu ndipo zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha zinthu zolakwika.

Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndiye maziko a ntchito ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosalala. Chromium imapereka kukana dzimbiri kosapanga dzimbiri, nickel imapangitsa kulimba ndi kupangika bwino, ndipo molybdenum mu 316 / 316L imapangitsa kukana kwa chloride. Magulu ogula ayenera kuyerekeza giredi yomwe yapemphedwa ndi Satifiketi Yoyesera Zinthu ndikutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kutentha musanatumize.

Giredi	C	Cr	Ni	Mo	Mn	Si	P	S
304	≤0.08	18.00-20.00	8.00-10.50	-	≤2.00	≤1.00	≤0.045	≤0.030
316L	≤0.03	16.00-18.00	10.00-14.00	2.00-3.00	≤2.00	≤1.00	≤0.045	≤0.030
321	≤0.08	17.00-19.00	9.00-12.00	-	≤2.00	≤1.00	≤0.045	≤0.030
430	≤0.12	16.00-18.00	≤0.75	-	≤1.00	≤1.00	≤0.040	≤0.030

Mitengo yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi miyeso yodziwika bwino. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala komaliza kayenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi muyezo woyenera komanso nambala yeniyeni ya kutentha yomwe yawonetsedwa pa MTC.

Katundu wa Makina

Kapangidwe ka makina ndi kofunikira kwambiri pamene chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zonyamula katundu, zida zomangira kapena zinthu zolumikizidwa. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito kwenikweni kamadalira mtundu, njira yopangira, momwe kutentha kumakhalira, makulidwe ndi muyezo. Ogula ayenera kutsimikizira ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zonse, kukonza molondola, ntchito yotentha kwambiri kapena nyumba zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri.

Giredi	Kulimba kwamakokedwe	Mphamvu Yopereka	Kutalikitsa	Kuuma	Chidziwitso Chogulira
304	≥515 MPa	≥205 MPa	≥40%	≤201 HB	Kupanga ndi kukonza zinthu zambiri.
316L	≥485 MPa	≥170 MPa	≥40%	≤217 HB	Chisankho chabwino kwambiri m'malo okhala m'nyanja ndi mankhwala.
321	≥515 MPa	≥205 MPa	≥40%	≤217 HB	Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
430	≥450 MPa	≥205 MPa	≥22%	≤183 HB	Yopangidwa ndi maginito komanso yotsika mtengo yokongoletsera kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.

Miyezo Yogwira Ntchito

Ogula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ayenera kutsimikizira muyezo wofunikira wa zinthuzo asanapereke mtengo. ASTM A276 ndi ASTM A479 nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, pomwe miyezo ya EN 10088, JIS ndi GB nthawi zambiri imafunidwa ndi mapulojekiti aku Europe, Japan ndi China. Zipangizozo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopanikizika, makina a mankhwala kapena mapulojekiti aukadaulo, kutsatira miyezo ndi kuvomereza satifiketi kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.

AISI / ASTM	UNS	EN / DIN	JIS	GB	Muyezo Wodziwika wa Zamalonda
304	S30400	1.4301 / X5CrNi18-10	SUS304	06Cr19Ni10	ASTM A276 / A479, EN 10088
316L	S31603	1.4404 / X2CrNiMo17-12-2	SUS316L	022Cr17Ni12Mo2	ASTM A276 / A479, EN 10088
321	S32100	1.4541 / X6CrNiTi18-10	SUS321	06Cr18Ni11Ti	ASTM A276 / A479, EN 10088
430	S43000	1.4016 / X6Cr17	SUS430	10Cr17	ASTM A276, EN 10088

Kukula, Kulekerera ndi Zofunikira Zogulira Pomaliza

Pa kugula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kukula ndi kulekerera ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino mu RFQ. Ogula sayenera kungolemba "flat bar" ndi grade yokha. RFQ iyenera kufotokoza m'lifupi, makulidwe, kutalika, kulekerera, mkhalidwe wa m'mphepete, kulunjika, kutha, kuchuluka ndi njira yopakira. Ngati flat bar ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, pangafunike ndalama zowonjezera. Ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zooneka, kutha pamwamba ndi mikwingwirima ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala.

Munda wa RFQ	Chitsanzo	Malangizo Ogulira
Giredi	316L / UNS S31603	Gwiritsani ntchito giredi yeniyeni ndi muyezo wofanana ngati ulipo.
Muyezo	ASTM A276	Tchulani ASTM, EN, JIS kapena GB malinga ndi zomwe polojekiti ikufuna.
Kukula	50 mm × 10 mm × 6000 mm	Tsimikizirani m'lifupi × makulidwe × kutalika momveka bwino.
Kulekerera	Kukhuthala ± 0.2 mm, kutalika -0/+10 mm	Chofunika kwambiri pakupanga, kusonkhanitsa ndi kukhazikitsa.
Malizitsani	Zokometsera / Zowala / Zopukutidwa / Zophikidwa	Gwirizanitsani mawonekedwe a pamwamba ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe.
Satifiketi	EN 10204 3.1 MTC, PMI	Zofunikira pakugula ndi kutsata zinthu zamafakitale mwaukadaulo.

Kuyesa Kwabwino ndi Kutsata Zinthu

Kuyesa kwabwino ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugula mipiringidzo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Wogulitsa wodalirika ayenera kuwongolera zinthu kuyambira pakupeza zinthu zopangira mpaka kutumiza komaliza. Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kutentha, kusanthula mankhwala, kuyesa kwa PMI, kuyesa kwa makina, kuyang'anira miyeso, kuyang'anira pamwamba ndi kuwunikanso kwa MTC zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti mipiringidzo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri yoperekedwayo ikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimafunikira pa oda.

Pazitsulo zazikulu zosalala kapena maoda ofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito, mayeso a UT ndi kuwunika kwa anthu ena kungapemphedwe. Kuwongolera zinthu zabodza ndikofunikiranso pakugula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka pamene makasitomala amafuna magiredi enieni monga 316L, 321 kapena magiredi apadera osatentha.

Chinthu Choyendera	Cholinga	Chikalata Chopezeka
Kulamulira Chiwerengero cha Kutentha	Zinthu zofufuzira kuyambira pakupanga mphero mpaka kulongedza komaliza.	MTC, chizindikiro, chizindikiro chopakira.
Kusanthula kwa Mankhwala	Tsimikizani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu alloy ndi grade.	EN 10204 3.1 MTC.
Kuyesa kwa PMI	Pewani zinthu zolakwika ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.	Lipoti la mayeso a PMI.
Kuyang'anira Magawo	Yang'anani m'lifupi, makulidwe, kutalika, kulunjika ndi kulolerana.	Zolemba zowunikira.
Kuyang'anira Pamwamba	Chongani mikwingwirima, ming'alu, maenje, ma burrs ndi momwe mapeto ake alili.	Cholembera chowonera.
Kuyang'anira kwa chipani chachitatu	Thandizani kuvomereza pulojekiti ya makasitomala ndi kutsimikizira kutumiza katunduyo pasadakhale.	Lipoti la SGS / BV / TUV.

Kuyerekeza ndi Zinthu Zofanana

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda chitsulo chingayerekezeredwe ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda kaboni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda chitsulo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda nickel. Chisankho chabwino kwambiri chimadalira malo omwe dzimbiri limamera, kufunikira kwa katundu, kulemera, bajeti ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. M'mapulojekiti ambiri a mafakitale, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapereka yankho loyenera pakati pa kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu, kupezeka ndi mtengo.

Zinthu Zofunika	Kukana Kudzikundikira	Mphamvu	Mulingo wa Mtengo	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri
304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chopanda Zitsulo	Zabwino	Zabwino	Pakatikati	Kupanga zinthu zonse, mafelemu, zothandizira ndi makina.
316L Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira Chosapanga Dzira	Zabwino kwambiri m'malo okhala ndi chloride	Zabwino	Zoposa 304	Zam'madzi, mankhwala, kukonza chakudya ndi ntchito zakunja.
Mpweya Wopanda Zitsulo wa Carbon	Yotsika yopanda chophimba	Zabwino	Zochepa	Mapangidwe opakidwa utoto kapena opakidwa utoto.
Aluminiyamu Lathyathyathya Bar	Zabwino m'malo ambiri	Chotsika kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri	Pakatikati	Kapangidwe kopepuka ndi zinthu zokongoletsera.
Faifi tambala ya aloyi ya faifi tambala	Zabwino kwambiri pa dzimbiri lalikulu	Kutengera kwambiri ndi aloyi	Pamwamba	Makina a mankhwala owononga kwambiri, madzi a m'nyanja ndi kutentha kwambiri.

Mapulogalamu a Mafakitale

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene pakufunika kukana dzimbiri, kukhazikika kwa miyeso, komanso kudalirika kwa kupanga. Chikhoza kudulidwa, kuwotcherera, kubooledwa, kupangidwa ndi makina, kupukutidwa ndi kuikidwa m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Pogula, ntchitoyo iyenera kugawidwa ndi wogulitsa kuti alimbikitse kalasi yoyenera, kumaliza kwake, ndi kulekerera kwake.

Makampani	Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Kawirikawiri	Giredi Yovomerezeka	Chofunikira Chofunika
Ntchito yomanga	Mafelemu, mabulaketi, zothandizira, zogwirira ntchito, nyumba zokongoletsera	304 / 316L	Kumaliza pamwamba, kuwongoka komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Zipangizo Zamankhwala	Zothandizira, zida za thanki, mafelemu a zida, zida zopangira	316L / 321 / 310S	Kukana dzimbiri ndi MTC yotsatirika.
Makina	Zipangizo za makina, zolumikizira, njanji zotsogolera, mizere yoyambira	304 / 316 / 410	Kulekerera kukula ndi makina.
M'madzi	Zopangira za m'madzi, mabulaketi, zida zakunja	316L	Kukana chloride ndi madzi a m'nyanja.
Kukonza Chakudya	Zipangizo zothandizira, nyumba zoyera, zida zopangira	304 / 316L	Malo oyera komanso oteteza dzimbiri.

Kutsimikizira kwa Wopereka, Kulongedza ndi Nthawi Yotsogolera

Wogulitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ayenera kukhala wokhoza kuyankha mafunso aukadaulo mwachangu, kupereka tsatanetsatane womveka bwino wa mtengo, kutsimikizira nthawi yogulira katundu kapena kupanga, ndikupereka zikalata zowunikira asanatumize. Magulu ogula ayenera kutsimikizira ngati wogulitsayo angapereke zithunzi zenizeni za malonda, zithunzi zolongedza, MTC, kuyesa kwa PMI, kuwunika kwa anthu ena ndi zikalata zotumizira kunja.

Mfundo Zotsimikizira za Wopereka

Chinthu Chotsimikizira	Zimene Ogula Ayenera Kuyang'ana
Gwero la Zinthu Zofunika	Gwero la mphero, nambala ya kutentha, kutsimikizira giredi ndi kukhazikika kwa satifiketi.
Kutha Kukonza	Kudula, kupukuta, kupukusa, kuboola, kukonza makina ndi ntchito yotalikitsa zinthu.
Thandizo Loyang'anira	Kuyesa kwa PMI, kuyang'anira kukula, kuyang'anira pamwamba ndi kuyang'anira kwa chipani chachitatu.
Kulongedza	Kukulunga kosalowa madzi, chikwama chamatabwa, mphasa yamatabwa, cholimbitsa chingwe chachitsulo ndi zizindikiro zotumizira.
Nthawi yotsogolera	Kupezeka kwa katundu, nthawi yopangira, nthawi yodulira, nthawi yowunikira ndi tsiku lotumizira.

Pa maoda otumiza kunja, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri zimapakidwa m'matumba, mabokosi amatabwa kapena mapaleti amatabwa okhala ndi chitetezo chosalowa madzi. Phukusi lililonse limatha kulembedwa ndi giredi, kukula, kuchuluka kwa kutentha, kuchuluka ndi chizindikiro chotumizira makasitomala. Nthawi yotsogolera imadalira momwe katundu alili, kukula kwake, zomwe zimafunika kumalizidwa, komanso mulingo wowunikira.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kusankha Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chokhala ndi Lathyathyathya?

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda dzimbiri chimapereka kukana dzimbiri bwino, mphamvu yokhazikika, mawonekedwe oyera, kupangidwa kosavuta komanso moyo wautali. Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chopakidwa ndi kaboni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichimangodalira chophimba pamwamba kuti chiteteze dzimbiri. Poyerekeza ndi aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kuwonongeka bwino m'malo ambiri amafakitale.

Kwa ogula, mtengo wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhazikika si chinthu chokhacho chomwe chilipo, komanso kuthekera kwa wogulitsa kupereka kusankha kolondola, miyeso yolondola, ziphaso zodalirika, kulongedza kotetezeka komanso kutumiza nthawi yake. SAKY STEEL imathandizira maoda a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhazikika chokhazikika ndi kudula kukula kosinthidwa, kukonza pamwamba, EN 10204 3.1 MTC, kuyesa kwa PMI ndi ntchito yotumiza kunja kwa makasitomala apadziko lonse lapansi.

FAQ

Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe ndiyenera kupereka pogula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri?

Chonde perekani giredi, muyezo, m'lifupi, makulidwe, kutalika, kuchuluka, kulekerera, kumalizidwa kwa pamwamba, zofunikira pa satifiketi, zofunikira pakulongedza ndi doko lopita. Zojambula ndizothandiza pa maoda a flat bar omwe amakonzedwa mwamakonda.

Ndi mtundu uti wabwino kuposa, 304 kapena 316L wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda chitsulo?

304 ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi kupanga zinthu. 316L ndi yabwino kwambiri m'malo okhala ndi madzi a m'nyanja, mankhwala, okhala ndi chloride komanso malo owononga kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa molybdenum komanso kapangidwe kake kotsika ka kaboni.

Kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda chitsulo chingaperekedwe ndi EN 10204 3.1 MTC?

Inde. SAKY STEEL ikhoza kupereka EN 10204 3.1 Material Test Certificate yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mphamvu zamakina malinga ndi gulu lopangira.

Kodi ndi mapeto otani omwe alipo a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda chitsulo?

Zomaliza zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi monga zotenthedwa, zoviikidwa mumadzi, zowala, zopukutidwa, zophwanyidwa ndi kupukutidwa. Kumaliza bwino kumadalira ngati bala lathyathyathya limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina, kuwotcherera, zinthu zooneka kapena ntchito yolimbana ndi dzimbiri.

Kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapakidwa bwanji kuti chitumizidwe kunja?

Mipiringidzo yosalala imatha kupakidwa m'matumba, zokutira zosalowa madzi, mabokosi amatabwa kapena mapaleti amatabwa. Zizindikiro zotumizira zitha kuphatikizapo mtundu, kukula, kuchuluka kwa kutentha, kuchuluka ndi zambiri za makasitomala.

Mapeto

Njira yogulira mipiringidzo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri iyenera kuphatikizapo kusankha bwino, kutsimikizira kukula kolondola, kuwongolera kulekerera, kumaliza bwino pamwamba, kuwunikanso satifiketi, kutsimikizira kwa ogulitsa, kulongedza bwino komanso kukonzekera nthawi yeniyeni yogulira. Magulu ogula ayenera kupewa kusankha mipiringidzo yachitsulo kutengera mtengo wokha, makamaka pa ntchito zapamadzi, mankhwala, kukonza chakudya ndi uinjiniya komwe kudalirika kwa zinthu ndikofunikira.

SAKY STEEL imapereka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosalala mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, zodulidwa mwamakonda, kukonza pamwamba, zikalata zowunikira komanso chithandizo chotumizira kunja. Kaya mukufuna 304 flat bar yopangira zinthu wamba kapena 316L flat bar yogwiritsira ntchito zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, gulu lathu lingathandize kutsimikizira zofunikira ndikupereka mtengo wodalirika.