Pehea e kaulike ai ka poloka kila kila 431 i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa

ʻElemene	ʻIke (%)
Kalapona (C)	0.12 kiʻekiʻe
Chromium (Cr)	15.0 – 17.0
Nikala (Ni)	1.25 – 2.50
Manganese (Mn)	1.0 kiʻekiʻe loa
Silika (Si)	1.0 kiʻekiʻe loa
ʻO ka phosphorus (P)	0.04 kiʻekiʻe loa
Sulfur (S)	0.03 kiʻekiʻe

Hāʻawi kēia haku melePoloka kila kila 431kona kiʻekiʻelakio ikaika-a-kaumaha, kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala, a me ka hiki ke lilopaʻakikī ʻia e ka mālama welae hoʻokō i nā koi mīkini kikoʻī.

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Nā ʻano Metallurgical: Ka Mea Huna ma hope o kona Kaulike

ʻO ka hana kūikawā oPoloka kila kila 431ua loaʻa mai ia mai konaʻano liʻiliʻi martensiticMa o ke akaheleka mālama welaa mehana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia ʻano e hāʻawi i kahi kaulike kūpono oikaikaa mepaʻakikī.

1. ʻAno Martensitic no ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe

Ke mālama ʻia ka kila kila 431 i ka wela, hoʻololi ia maiʻaustenite to martensite, he ʻano kristal paʻakikī a ikaika loa. Hoʻonui nui kēia hoʻololi ʻanaikaika tensile, e kūpono ai no nā noi kahi e pono ai nā ʻāpana e kū i nā ukana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kaumaha.

• Ikaika Tensile Maʻamau:A hiki i1,300 MPama hope o ka paʻakikī a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana.

• Ka ikaika hāʻawi:Ma kahi o900 MPa, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kūpaʻa ikaika i ka deformation mau loa.

ʻO kēia ikaika e hiki ai431 mau poloka kila kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻiae hoʻohana ʻia i lokonā mīkini kaomi kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻau turbine, a menā ʻāpana pamu, kahi e pono ai ka hilinaʻi mechanical.

2. Hoʻoikaika no ka Hoʻonui ʻia o ka Paʻakikī

ʻOiai ʻo ka martensite e hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke palupalu inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia. No ke kūʻē ʻana i kēia,hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻanahoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka paʻakikī ʻana. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke ʻano martensitic a hoʻomaha i nā kaumaha kūloko, e hoʻomaikaʻi anake kūpaʻa hopenaa meka ductility.

• Paʻa ʻana o ka paʻakikī:Ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana,431 kila kilamālama i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hapa nui o kona ikaika.

• Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka hopena:ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka haki ʻana ma lalo o ka hopena koke a i ʻole nā ​​​​kūlana hoʻouka ikaika.

ʻO kēia hui pū ʻana he mea kūpono ia no nā noi e pono ai nā mea ʻeluaikaika e hāpai ana i ka ukanaa meke kū'ē ʻana i ka haʻalulu, e like menā lako mokulele, nā ʻau hoʻoneʻe moana, a menā ʻāpana valve.

3. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka Forging i ke kahe ʻana o ka palaoa a me ka ductility

ʻAʻole wale ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ke kaʻina hana forging i ka ikaika akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū kekahihoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka palaoa, ka mea e hoʻonui aipaʻakikīa meke kūpaʻa luhiHoʻemi ke ʻano o ka palaoa i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka laha ʻana o ka māwae, ʻoiai ma lalo o ka ukana cyclic.

Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia431 mau poloka kila kilahōʻike:

• ʻOi aku ka maikaʻike ʻano like o ka palaoa

• Ua hoʻemi ʻiaka porosity a me nā inclusions

• Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻiapaʻakikī o ka hopenaa mehoʻolōʻihi

He mea nui kēia mau waiwai nomīkini hoʻohulia menā noi aerospace, kahi e hoʻoholo ai ke kūpaʻa luhi lōʻihi i ka palekana a me ka hana.

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Pehea e hoʻokō ai ka poloka kila kila 431 i ke kaulike ikaika-paʻakikī

ʻO ke kaulike ma waenaikaikaa mepaʻakikī in Poloka kila kila 431hoʻokō ʻia ma o ka hui pū ʻana o kahaku mele, ka mālama wela, a meʻenehana hana hao.

1. ʻO ka ʻike kalapona a me ka chromium i kāohi ʻia

ʻO ke kaulikeka nui o ke kalapona (≤0.12%)e ʻae i ka 431 kila kila e hoʻomohalaikaika kiʻekiʻei ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela me ka mālama ʻana i ka lawaka ductilitye pale aku i ka palupalu. ʻO kakromiumhoʻonui i ka ʻikeke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palahoa hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻano martensitic, e pale ana i ka brittleness nui ʻoiai ma nā pae paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe.

2. Ka pololei o ka mālama wela

ʻO ke kī i ke kaulike ʻana i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa aia i loko o kaka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻananā pae:

• Ke hoʻopau nei:Hoʻololi i ke ʻano i martensite paʻakikī, e hoʻonui ana i ka ikaika.

• Hoʻomehana ʻana:Hoʻoponopono i ka paʻakikī a hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha o loko, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka paʻakikī.

ʻO kēia kaohi pololei e hiki ai i nā ʻenekinia ke hoʻopilikino i nā waiwai hope loa o kapoloka i hoʻoheheʻe ʻiama muli o ka noi i manaʻo ʻia.

3. Ka Density Forged a me ka Structural Integrity

Hoʻopili ʻia ke kaʻina hana forgingnā ikaika kaomii ka mea hana, e pani ana i nā hakahaka kūloko a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke ʻano o ka palaoa. Hōʻoia kēia kaʻina hana i nā waiwai mechanical kūlike ma loko o ka poloka, e hōʻemi ana i nā wahi nāwaliwali e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka paʻakikī.

Ma ka hopena,Poloka kila kila 431hōʻike:

• Kiʻekiʻeka hiki ke hāpai i ka ukana

• Maikaʻi loaola luhi

• Hilinaʻike kūpaʻa haki

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Nā Waiwai Mechanical o ka 431 Stainless Steel Forged Block