10 Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Koe Mō Te Kowiri tira

Kua noho te rino kore waikura hei tetahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e whakawhirinakihia ana hoki i roto i te ao hou. Mai i ngā whare teitei me ngā paipa ahumahi ki ngā taputapu pokanga me ngā taputapu kīhini, kei ngā wāhi katoa te rino kore waikura. Ko tōna rongonuitanga i ahu mai i tōna huinga ahurei o te kaha, te pakari, me te ātete ki te waikura me te waikura. Heoi, he tokomaha te hunga e mōhio noa ana ki te rino kore waikura he "konganuku kanapa" engari kāore e mārama ki ōna āhuatanga hohonu.

Hei āwhina i a koe ki te mārama he aha te hiranga o te maitai kore waikura, anei ngā mea e whai ake nei10 ngā mea me mōhio koe mō te maitai kore waikura.

1. He koranu te maitai kore waikura

Ehara te maitai kore waikura i te konganuku parakore. He koranu i hangaia mai i te rino, ko te chromium te huānga matua e "kore waikura" ai. E ai ki te whakamāramatanga, me whai 10.5 ōrau te chromium i te maitai kore waikura. Ko ētahi atu huānga pēnei i te nikara, te moripenema, te taitaniuma, te hauota rānei ka tāpirihia hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga motuhake pēnei i te pakari, te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha rānei.

2. Te Mea Ngaro i Muri i tōna Ātete ki te Waikura

I ahu mai te āhuatanga "waikura kore" i te mea taiao, angiangi, kāore hoki e kiteapaparanga waikura konuporae hanga ana i runga i te mata o te maitai kore waikura. Ka mahi tēnei kiriata korehau hei whakangungu rakau, hei ārai i te hāora me te makuku kei uru ki roto i te konganuku, ā, ka puta te waikura. Mēnā ka rakurakuhia, ka ora anō te paparanga i te aroaro o te hāora, kia mau tonu ai te tiakitanga.

3. He momo rerekē o te maitai kore waikura

Ehara te maitai kore waikura i te mea kotahi. He maha ngā whānau o tēnei mea, he āhuatanga motuhake tō ia mea:

• AusteniticKo te mea tino noa, kāore he aukume, he ātete ki te waikura, e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukatuka kai me te hoahoanga.

• FerriticHe aukume, he iti te utu, he ātete pai ki te waikura, he mea whakamahi pinepine i roto i ngā mahi motuka.

• MartensiticHe pakari, he mārō engari he iti ake te ātete ki te waikura, he mea whakamahi pinepine mō ngā maripi me ngā taputapu.

• Takirua: Ka whakakotahi i ngā hanganga austenitic me te ferritic, e tuku ana i te kaha teitei me te ātete pai ki te pakaru waikura ahotea.

• Te whakapakeketanga o te uaKa eke ki te kaha tino tiketike mā te maimoatanga wera, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi rererangi.

4. Ka taea te hangarua i te maitai kore waikura

Ko tētahi o ngā painga nui o te maitai kore waikura ko tōna pumau.100 ōrau ka taea te hangaruame te kore e ngaro te kounga. Neke atu i te 60 ōrau o te maitai kore waikura hou i ahu mai i ngā para hangarua, ā, he kōwhiringa pai mō te taiao mō ngā ahumahi e whai ana ki te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.

5. I Kitea mā te Āhuatanga Tukinga

I kitea noatia te maitai kore waikura i te tau 1913 e Harry Brearley i Sheffield, Ingarangi. I a Brearley e whakamātautau ana i ngā koranu maitai hei whakapai ake i te ātete o te pū i te kitenga atu i tētahi tauira e ātete ana ki te waikura. Nā tēnei kitenga i tīmata ai te whanaketanga o te maitai kore waikura e mōhiotia ana e tātou i ēnei rā.

6. He mutunga kore ngā whakamahinga o te maitai kore waikura

Nā te maha o ngā whakamahinga o te maitai kore waikura, he mea tino pai ki ngā ahumahi katoa:

• Hoahoa Whare me te HangangaNgā piriti, ngā mata o mua, ngā tuanui, me ngā tautoko hanganga.

• Kai me te InuNgā taputapu tukatuka, ngā tāke, ngā paipa, me ngā oko.

• HauoraNgā taputapu pokanga, ngā mea tāpiri, me ngā taputapu hōhipera.

• Te kawe wakaNgā pūnaha hau whakaputanga o ngā waka, ngā wāhanga rererangi, me te hanga kaipuke.

• PūngaoNgā tipu hiko karihi, ngā papaaho moana, me ngā hanganga hiko whakahou.

Nā te whakakotahitanga o te pakari, te ātete ki te waikura, me te akuaku ka whānui te whakamahinga.

7. He māmā te horoi i te maitai kore waikura

Nā te maeneene, kore-pūwero o te maitai kore-pūwero, he māmā noa iho te horoi me te tiaki. Koia te take he rauemi pai rawa atu tēnei i roto i ngā ahumahi tukatuka kai, hauora, me te rongoā, ina nui te akuaku. Mā te horoi auau me ngā hopi horoi ngawari ka noho pai ngā mata o te maitai kore-pūwero, me te kore e kino te paparanga waikura tiaki.

8. Ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tino nui

He pai te mahi a te kowiri tira i raro i te wera nui, i te makariri hoki.

• Ka mau tonu te kaha o ngā taumata pāmahana teitei, ā, ka ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā oumu, i ngā tipu hiko rānei.

• He pakari tonu ngā kōeke pāmahana iti mō ngā tono cryogenic pērā i te rokiroki hau maori wai.

Nā te kaha ki te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tino rerekē, he mea nui te kowiri tira i roto i ngā ahumahi nui.

9. He nui atu i te ataahua anake ngā whakaotinga o te mata

He whānuitia ngā momo whakaotinga mata o te maitai kore waikura, mai i te mea kua orohia ki te mea kua mā, kua paraihehia rānei. Ehara i te mea he ātaahua noa iho ēnei whakaotinga—engari he pānga anō hoki ki te mahi. He māmā ake te horoi i ngā whakaotinga orohia, ā, he ātete ki te tipu o ngā huakita, engari ko ngā whakaotinga kakano e huna ana i ngā tapumati me ngā karawarawa i ngā wāhi e nui ana te haere. Mā te whakaotinga mata ka taea e te maitai kore waikura te whakataurite i te mahi me te ataahua o te hoahoa.

10. He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te māka tika

Kāore e ōrite katoa ngā maitai kore waikura. Me whiriwhiri te momo tika i runga i te whakamahinga:

• 304 Kowiri tiraKo te mea tino noa, e tika ana mō ngā whakamahinga kai me inu.

• 316 Kowiri tiraKei roto te molybdenum hei whakapakari i te ātete ki ngā taiao moana, matū rānei.

• 430 Kowiri tiraHe momo ferritic e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā mahi whakapaipai me ngā mahi motuka.

• 2205 Kowiri tira takiruaE whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi tai moana me ngā ahumahi matū mō te kaha teitei me te ātete ki te waikura ahotea.

Mā te whiriwhiri i te momo tika ka roa te mau, ka haumaru, ka iti hoki te utu.

Ngā Tohutohu Tiaki me te Tiaki

Ahakoa he tino ātete te maitai kore waikura ki te waikura, me tiaki tonu:

• Horoia ngā mata i ia wā ki te hopi ngawari me te wai.

• Āta karohia ngā rauemi whakakoi e rakuraku ana i te mata.

• Horoia rawatia kia tangohia ngā toenga matū.

• Whakamahia ngā maimoatanga whakakorekore i roto i ngā taiao kino hei pupuri i te ātete ki te waikura.

Te Anamata o te Kowiri tira

Kei te whanake tonu te maitai kore waikura i runga i ngā hiahia o ēnei rā:

• Ngā Koranu MatatauKei te whakawhanakehia ngā momo maitai kore waikura hou mō ngā taiao tino kino.

• Te Whakaputa KakarikiKei te whakaitihia e ngā kaihanga ngā tukunga waro me te whakamahinga pūngao i roto i te hanga maitai.

• Hangarau NanoKa whakarei ake ngā maimoatanga mata i ngā āhuatanga patu huakita mō ngā ahumahi hauora me te kai.

• Tānga 3DKei te piki haere te whakamahinga o te kowiri tira i roto i ngā mahi hanga tāpiri mō ngā hoahoa uaua.

Me te kaupapa matua o te oranga tonutanga me te auahatanga, ka noho tonu te maitai kore waikura hei rauemi tūāpapa mō ngā tekau tau e haere ake nei.

Whakamutunga

Ehara i te mea he konganuku kanapa, ātete-waikura anake te maitai kore waikura. He koranu i hangaia kia āta hangaia, kua hangaia ngā ahumahi hou mā tōna pakari, tōna āheinga ki te hangarua, me tōna maha o ngā mahi. Mā te mārama ki ōna āhuatanga, ōna momo, me ōna whakamahinga ka āwhina i ngā ahumahi me ngā kaihoko ki te whakatau i ngā mea whai whakaaro.

Mai i ngā whare teitei ki ngā taputapu pokanga, kei ngā wāhi katoa te maitai kore waikura—ā, he take pai anō hoki. Mā te ako i ēnei kōrero nui e 10, ka mārama ake koe he aha te mea nui o te maitai kore waikura i roto i ō tātou oranga o ia rā me ngā mahi auaha o muri mai.

Ngā kamupene pēnei isakysteelki te tuku tonu i ngā hua maitai kore waikura kounga teitei e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ao, me te tautoko i ngā ahumahi o te ao me ngā otinga pono, pumau, me te auaha.