Me pēhea te tautuhi i te maitai kore waikura

Ko te maitai kore waikura tētahi o ngā rauemi tino maha ngā whakamahinga, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i ngā ahumahi maha—tae atu ki te hanga, te motuka, te tukatuka kai, me te miihini moana. Engari i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu, te tautuhi mēnā he maitai kore waikura tētahi konganuku—me te whakatau ko tēheatohuhe mea hanga ki te kowiri tira—tērā pea he uaua.

Ki te mea kua pātai koe ki a koe anō,me pēhea te tautuhi i te kowiri tira, mā tēnei aratohu koe e ārahi i roto i ngā tikanga tino pono. Mai i te tirotiro tirohanga māmā ki te whakamātautau matatau, ka āwhina mātou i a koe ki te wehewehe i te maitai kore waikura mai i ētahi atu konganuku, me te tautuhi i ōna āhuatanga motuhake me te māia.

Nā tesakysteel, he kaiwhakarato o te ao mō ngā hua kowiri tira, e whakarato ana i ngā rauemi kounga teitei me te tautoko hangarau mō ngā tono ahumahi uaua.

He aha te hiranga o te tautuhi i te maitai kore waikura?

Mā te mōhio mēnā he maitai kore waikura te konganuku—me tōna taumata anō hoki—ka āwhina i a koe:

• Kōwhiria te rauemi tika mō te hanga, te whakatika rānei

• Kia kaha, kia ātete hoki ki te waikura

• Kia tutuki i ngā paerewa ahumahi me ngā tiwhikete

• Ārai i ngā hapa utu nui, i ngā tūponotanga haumaru rānei

He rerekē te ātete ki te waikura, te aukume, te pakeke, me te ātete ki te wera o ngā momo maitai kore waikura, nō reira ko te tautuhi tika te mea nui ki te mahi me te haumaru.

Ngā Momo Kowiri tira noa ka tūtaki pea koe

I mua i te ruku ki ngā tikanga tautuhi, he pai ki te mōhio ki ngā whānau maitai kore waikura e whakamahia whānuitia ana:

• Austenitic (raupapa 300):Kāore he aukume, he ātete pai ki te waikura (hei tauira, 304, 316)

• Ferritic (raupapa 400):Ātete aukume, ātete waikura taurite (hei tauira, 409, 430)

• Martensitic (raupapa 400):He aukume, he kaha ake, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu (hei tauira, 410, 420)

• Takirua:Hanganga whakauru, kaha teitei me te ātete ki te waikura (hei tauira, 2205)

sakysteelHe whānuitanga o ngā momo maitai kore waikura e tukuna ana i roto i te āhua rau, pereti, paipa, me te pae—ia mea hanga mō ngā whakamahinga ahumahi motuhake.

1. Tirotiro Tirohanga

Ahakoa kāore e taea te whakatau i a ia anō, ma ngā tohu ā-kanohi koe e āwhina ki te whakatau i tētahi whakatau whai whakaaro.

Rapua:

• Tae me te Whakaotinga:Ko te maitai kore waikura he āhua hiriwa-hina te nuinga, he maeneene, he whakaata, he paraihe rānei te āhua.

• Ātete Waikura:He pai ake te ātete o te maitai kore waikura ki te waikura i te maitai ngawari, te maitai waro rānei. Mena he ma te mata, ā, kāore he waikura i roto i te taiao makuku, he kowiri tira pea.

• Ngā Tohu, Ngā Tānga rānei:Rapua ngā tau tuakiri pēnei i te "304", "316", "430" rānei kua whao, kua tāia rānei ki te mata whakarewa.

Tuhipoka:He rite tonu te āhua o te konumohe kua orohia, nō reira me whakamātautau tonu i muri i te tirotiro ā-kanohi.

2. Whakamātautau Aukume

Tewhakamātautau aukumehe huarahi tere, ngāwari hoki ki te wehewehe i ētahi momo maitai kore waikura.

Me pēhea te mahi:

• Whakamahia he aukume iti, ka whakanoho ki te taha o te mea whakarewa.

• Mena ko te mea whakarewakaha aukume, he maitai kore waikura ferritic (430) he maitai martensitic (410, 420 rānei).

• Mena te aukumekāore e piri, he ngoikore noa iho rānei te piri, he maitai kore waikura austenitic pea (304, 316 rānei).

Tuhipoka nui:Tērā pea ka paku huri te āhua aukume o ētahi māka austenitic i muri i te mahi matao (piko, miihini), nō reira kaua ko te whakamātautau aukume anake te tikanga e tika ana māu.

3. Whakamātautau mura

Ko tēnei tikanga he huri i tētahi wāhanga iti o te konganuku, me te tirotiro i te tauira o te mura. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā toa mahi konganuku.

Whēkenga mura:

• Kowiri tira:He mura poto, whero-karaka, he iti ake ngā pahūtanga ki te whakaritea ki te maitai waro

• Rino ngawari:Ngā korakora kōwhai kanapa me te maha o ngā pahūtanga

• Rino taputapu:He mura roa, he mā, he hiku marau

Me mahi anake tēnei whakamātautau i roto i tētahi taiao haumaru me te tiaki kanohi tika.sakysteele taunaki ana i tēnei tikanga mā ngā tohunga ngaio anake.

4. Whakamātautau Matū

Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau matū te whakaū mēnā he kowiri tira te konganuku, ā, i ētahi wā ka taea te whakatau i te taumata motuhake.

a. Whakamātautau Waikawa Hauka

He ātete te maitai kore waikura ki te waikawa hauota, engari kāore te maitai waro.

• Tāpirihia ētahi pata owaikawa hauota kukūki te mata whakarewa.

• Mena te mea whakarewakāore e tauhohe, he mea hanga ki te kowiri tira pea.

• Ki te meamirumiru, kua memeha rānei te tae, he maitai waro pea.

b. Whakamātautau Molybdenum

Whakamahia hei wehewehe i waenga i304me316he kowiri tira. Kei roto i te 316 te molybdenum hei whakapakari i te ātete ki te waikura.

• Whakamahia he kete whakamātautau ira molybdenum (e wātea ana i te hokohoko).

• Tāpirihia te matū ki te mata whakarewa.

• A te huringa taee tohu ana i te aroaro o te molybdenum (316).

He whai hua ēnei whakamātautau mō te tautuhi tika i roto i ngā tautuhinga whakahaere kounga, i te wā rānei e tirotirohia ana ngā rauemi.

5. Kaitātari XRF (Arā Atu Anō)

Te hihi-X (XRF)he taputapu ringaringa ngā tātaritanga ka taea te tautuhi tonu i tehanganga matū tuturuo te kowiri tira.

• Ka whakaratohia he pakaru katoa o te koranu tae atu ki te chromium, te nickel, te molybdenum, me te maha atu

• He whai hua mō te whakarōpū me te tiwhikete i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi

• E whakamahia whānuitia ana e ngā kaiwhakarato whakarewa, ngā kaihanga hangarua, me ngā kaitirotiro

sakysteelKa whakamahia te whakamātautau XRF hei manatoko i te hanganga o ngā rauemi, hei whakarite hoki i te tika o ngā tuku katoa o te maitai kore waikura.

6. Whakamātautau Matotoru me te Taumaha

He kikī ake, he taumaha ake hoki te kowiri tira i te konumohe, i ētahi atu koranu māmā rānei.

Hei whakarite:

• Inehia he rōrahi e mōhiotia ana (hei tauira, 1 cm³) o te rauemi

• Paunatia, ka whakataurite ki te mātotoru ariā o te maitai kore waikura (~7.9 g/cm³)

• Mena he mama ake, tera pea he konumohe (kiato ~2.7 karamu/cm³)

Mā tēnei whakamātautau ka ārai i te tautuhi hē i te konumohe kua orohia hei maitai kore waikura.

7. Whakamātautau Waikura (Wā-ā-ringa)

Mena kei roto te konganuku i tētahi taiao waikura (hei tauira, he whare hanga matū, he whare hanga moana rānei), mātakitakihia tōna mahi i roto i te wā:

• 304 kowiri tiratērā pea ka waikura i ngā wāhi whai rawa i te kōhaita

• 316 kowiri tiraka noho ātete tonu nā te molybdenum

• maitai ngawarika kitea te waikura i roto i ngā rā

Ehara tēnei i te mea pai mō te tautuhi tere engari he āwhina ki te manatoko i te mahi a ngā rauemi kua tāutahia.

Āhea te Whakapā atu ki tētahi Tohunga

Mena kāore koe i te tino mōhio ki te tuakiri o tō konganuku, inā koa mō ngā tono nui (ngā oko pēhanga, ngā taputapu kai-kai, ngā whakaurunga ki tai), me whakapā atu ki tētahi taiwhanga konganuku, ki tētahi kaiwhakarato rānei pērā isakysteel.

Ka taea e rātou te whakarato:

• Tiwhikete Rauemi (MTC)

• Manatoko māka

• Kōwhiringa tohunga i runga i ngā paerewa ahumahi (ASTM, EN, ISO)

Whakarāpopototanga o ngā Tikanga Tāutu

Whakamutunga: Me pēhea te tautuhi i te maitai kore waikura me te māia

He mea nui te tautuhi tika i te maitai kore waikura hei whakarite i te mahi, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te haumaru o te hua. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā whakamātautau taketake pēnei i te aukume me te taumaha, me ngā tikanga matatau pēnei i te tātari matū, te matawai XRF rānei, ka taea e koe te whakatau māia mēnā he maitai kore waikura te konganuku—ā, ka taea hoki e koe te tohu i te kounga.

Ahakoa kei te whakatika koe i tētahi pūnaha kai-kai, kei te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga hanganga, kei te rapu rānei i ngā taputapu moana,he mea nui te tautuhi tika i te maitai kore waikura.Ā, ina tae ki te kimi rauemi kowiri tira kounga teitei,sakysteelko te ingoa e whakawhirinakihia ana e ngā tohunga.