I roto i ngā rāngai hanga kaipuke me te hangarau tai moana o te ao, kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā pereti maitai pono, mahi teitei i te mea ka nui haere ngā kaipuke, ka mahi ngā hanganga tai moana i ngā wai hohonu, ā, ka kaha haere ngā ture moana. Hei whakarite kia tutuki i ia pereti maitai e whakamahia ana i roto i ēnei taiao uaua ngā whakaritenga mahi tino pakari,tirotiro a te hunga tuatorumengā tiwhikete mira(MTC) kua noho hei wāhanga nui o te mekameka tuku rauemi moana.
Mā ēnei tikanga whakaū kounga ka taea te whakamana e tutuki ana ngā pereti maitai hanga kaipuke i ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te ASTM A131, EN 10025, me ngā ture a te rōpū whakarōpūtanga mai i te ABS, LR, DNV, BV, CCS, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato matua pēnei i tesakysteelte whakauru tonu i ngā ratonga tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru me te whakaoti i ngā tuhinga a te MTC ki roto i tā rātou tukanga tuku, kia taea ai e ngā whare hanga kaipuke o te ao te hanga kaipuke me ngā hanganga tai moana me te tino maia.
E tūhuratia ana e tēnei tuhinga te kaupapa, te tukanga, ngā paerewa, me ngā painga o ngā tiwhikete tirotiro me ngā tiwhikete mira a te hunga tuatoru mō ngā pereti maitai hanga kaipuke. E whakamāramahia ana hoki he aha i noho ai ēnei mana whakahaere kounga hei wāhanga nui o te hangarau moana o ēnei rā.
He aha te Hiranga o te Tirotiro a te Rōpū Tuatoru i roto i te Hokonga Rino Hanga kaipuke
Ko te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru (TPI) e pā ana ki te manatoko motuhake e ngā tari whaimana, e ngā rōpū whakarōpū rānei, hei whakarite kia tutuki i ngā pereti maitai ngā whakaritenga hangarau, matū, me te miihini.
1. Te whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga a ngā Rōpū Whakarōpū
Ko te nuinga o ngā kaupapa hanga kaipuke e hiahia ana kia whakamanahia e:
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ABS Tari Tukunga o Amerika
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Te Rēhita a LR Lloyd
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DNV Det Norske Veritas
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Te Tari Veritas o BV
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Te Rōpū Whakarōpūtanga CCS Haina
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NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
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RINA Registro Italiano Navale
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Rēhita Kōrea KR
Ka manatoko a TPI kei te tutuki ngā pereti maitai i ngā ture kua whakatakotoria e ēnei whakahaere.
2. Whakakore i ngā Mōrearea Kounga i roto i ngā Hanganga Moana Tino Hira
E whakamahia ana ngā pereti maitai moana i roto i:
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Ngā hanganga o te anga
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Ngā papa me ngā hanganga o runga
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Ngā Ārai Pupuri
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Ngā papaaho o waho
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Ngā waewae me ngā turanga whakarunga
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Ngā waeine whakaputa mānu
Ka pāngia ēnei wāhanga e te ahotea nui, te waikura, me te ngenge. Mā te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru ka whakarite kia haumaru, kia pakari, kia pai hoki ngā rauemi mō te wā roa.
3. Whakarato Manatoko Motuhake, Kore-Pōwhiringa
Ka whakaūhia e tētahi tari motuhake te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau me te mahi a ngā rauemi, ka whakakorea ngā āwangawanga mō ngā hapa whakamātautau ā-roto, ngā rerekētanga rānei.
4. Ārai i ngā Whakaroa Utu nui me te Mahi Anō
Mā te whakamahi i te maitai kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka roa pea ngā kaupapa, ka whakakahoretia e te rōpū whakarōpūtanga, ka nui hoki te utu mō te hanga anō.
5. Whakarei ake i te Whakapono ki ngā Whakawhitiwhitinga Mekameka Tuku Ao
Ka whai hua ngā kaihoko hanga kaipuke o te ao i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere kounga mārama, ka taea te manatoko, hei tiaki i ā rātou kaupapa.
Ngā Momo Tirotiro a te Rōpū Tuatoru mō ngā Pereti Rino Hanga kaipuke
Ka hipokina e te tirotiro tuatoru te whānuitanga o ngā whakamātautau, arā, ngā whakamātautau whakangaro me ngā whakamātautau kore whakangaro, hei whakarite kia tutukihia ngā whakaritenga i ia wāhanga.
1. Manatoko Rauemi
Ka tirohia e ngā kaitirotiro:
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Te kounga maitai (AH36, DH36, EH36, S355G10, me ētahi atu)
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Tau wera
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Te tika o ngā āhuatanga
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Kounga mata tirohanga
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Te tohu me te whai i ngā āhuatanga
2. Whakamātautau Hanganga Matū
Ka whakamatautauria ngā tauira mā te whakamahi i ngā ine ā-rorohiko hei whakaū i te tutuki ki:
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Ngā rohe waro
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Te nui o te konupora
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Hiraka
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Whāriki me te whākōkī
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Ngā huānga whakarewa pērā i te Nb, V, Ti
Mā ēnei ka taea te whakarewa, te pakari, me te ātete ki te waikura.
3. Whakamātautau Āhuatanga Mīhini
Hei manatoko i ngā āhuatanga kume:
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Te kaha o te hua
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Te kaha o te kume
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Te whakaroa
Mā ēnei ka whakatau te mahi hanganga o te maitai i roto i ngā mahi hanga kaipuke.
4. Whakamātautau Pakari Pānga (Charpy V-Notch)
Mō ngā maitai o te taumata moana, he mea nui te pakari:
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I whakamatautauria te AH36 i te 0°C
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I whakamātauria te DH36 i te -20°C
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I whakamatautauria a EH36 i te -40°C
E whakaū ana a TPI e tutuki ana i ngā pereti ngā whakaritenga pūngao iti rawa e mimitihia ana.
5. Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT)
Mā te UT ka whakarite kia kore he hapa o roto o ngā pereti pēnei i:
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Ngā Whakapiringa
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Ngā Korekore
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Ngā Whakaurunga
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Ngā pakaru
I runga anō i ngā hiahia o te kaupapa, ka aromatawaihia e ngā kaitirotiro ngā taumata A, B, C rānei.
6. Tirotiro Mata me te Ahu
Ka manatokohia e ngā kaitirotiro:
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Papatahi
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Te manawanui matotoru
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Kounga taha
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Te ahunga hurihuri
7. Te Mātakitaki i ngā Tukanga Maimoatanga Wera, TMCP rānei
Mō ngā pereti kua whakaōritea, kua TMCP rānei, ka kite pea ngā kaitirotiro i:
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Huringa whakamahana
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Te tukanga whakamatao
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Ngā mana whakahaere whakapai witi
Mā tēnei ka pumau te hanganga moroiti.
He aha te Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (MTC)
He tuhinga mana te Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira i tukuna e te kaihanga maitai. Mā tēnei ka whakamanahia katoatia ngā āhuatanga matū me ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te pereti maitai me tōna hītori tukatuka.
Ngā Momo MTC i raro i te EN 10204
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2.2 Pūrongo Whakamātautau o te Wheketere
He mōhiotanga taketake engari kāore i te rawaka mō te hanga kaipuke. -
3.1 Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira
I tukuna e te tari kounga o te mira, ā, i whakaaetia e ngā kaitirotiro. -
3.2 Tiwhikete
I manatokohia e ngā kairūri whenua motuhake o te rōpū whakarōpūtanga.
E hiahiatia ana mō ngā tono nui ki tai, ki ngā tono hōia rānei.
Ko ngā pereti maitai hanga kaipuke e hiahiatia anaTiwhikete 3.1, 3.2 rānei.
He aha ngā mōhiohio kei roto i te Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira
Kei roto i te MTC maitai hanga kaipuke paerewa:
1. Ngā Raraunga Tautuhi Taketake
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Tau wera
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Te kounga maitai
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Ngā rahinga pereti
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Te rahinga
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Paerewa (ASTM A131, EN 10025, etc.)
2. Te Hanganga Matū
Tātaritanga koko katoa o ngā huānga matua:
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C, Mn, Si
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P, S
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Al, Nb, V, Ti
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Ētahi atu koranu moroiti
3. Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini
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Te kaha o te hua
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Te kaha o te kume
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Te whakaroa
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Te pakeketanga (mēnā e hiahiatia ana)
4. Ngā Hua Whakamātautau Pānga
Ngā uara Charpy V-Notch i ngā pāmahana kua tohua.
5. Āhua Maimoatanga Wera
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Kua hurihia
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Kua Whakaōritea
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TMCP
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Kua hurihia-whakaōrite
6. Ngā Hua Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro
Mena ka whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau ahunga-UT, ahunga-Z rānei, ka whakaurua ngā hua.
7. Tāmati Whakaae a te Rōpū Whakarōpūtanga
Ka tāia te tiwhikete e te rōpū e tika ana:
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ABS
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LR
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Te Tari Whakahaere Hauora (DNV)
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BV
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CCS
E whakaū ana tēnei tāmati e tutuki ana i te maitai ngā whakaritenga mō te taumata moana.
Te Hononga i waenganui i te Tirotiro a te Rōpū Tuatoru me ngā Tiwhikete Mira
Ka mahi tahi ngā tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru me ngā tiwhikete mira hei whakarite i te pono me te tutuki o ngā whakaritenga o te pereti maitai:
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Ka whakamanahia te maitai e te mira mā te MTC.
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Ka manatokohia e te tari tuatoru ngā raraunga a te mira mā te whakamātautau motuhake.
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Ka whakakotahihia ngā tuhinga e rua ki roto i te kete kounga whakamutunga mō te tuku ki te wāhi hanga kaipuke.
Ngātahi rātou ka hanga i tētahi pūnaha whaiwhai e mōhiotia ana e te umanga moana.
Me pēhea te tautoko a TPI me MTC i ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke me ngā miihini moana
1. Ka whakamana i te pono o ngā rauemi
Ka taea e ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke te whakawhirinaki ka tutuki i te maitai ngā whakaritenga pakari, kaha, me te āheinga whakarewa mō tā rātou kaupapa.
2. Whakangāwari i te Whakaaetanga a te Rōpū Whakarōpū
Ka tere ake te arotake hangarau, te tirotiro, me ngā whakaaetanga tāutanga mā te maitai whaimana.
3. Whakaiti i te Mōrearea o te Whakakorenga
Tērā pea ka whakakahoretia ngā rauemi kāore i te whaimana i te wā hangahanga, ka whakaroa, ka ngaro hoki he moni.
4. Whakapai ake i te Whai Hua o te Hanga
Ina mārama te tuhi i ngā āhuatanga o te maitai, ka tere ake, ka tika ake hoki te mahi a ngā kaiwhakarewa, ngā miihini, me ngā kaitirotiro.
5. Ka taea te whai i te roanga o te wā
Mena e hiahiatia ana he whakatikatika, he whakapai ake rānei a meake nei, ka whakaratohia e ngā MTC ngā raraunga nui mō te rauemi taketake.
Te Tūranga o ngā Kaiwhakarato Pono i roto i te TPI me te Tuhituhi
Ngā kaiwhakarato e pai ana kisakysteelhe tūranga matua tā rātou i roto i te pūnaha whakapūmau kounga:
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Te mahi tahi me ABS, LR, DNV, BV me ētahi atu rōpū
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Te whakarato i te 3.1, 3.2 rānei ngā MTC mō ia tau wera
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Te tautoko i te UT, ngā whakamātautau pānga, ngā whakamātautau kume, me te tātari matū
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Te pupuri i te whai i ngā āhuatanga katoa mai i te hanga maitai ki te tuku
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Te tuku ratonga tirotiro i mua i te tukunga mō ngā kaihoko o tāwāhi
Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia rite ngā pereti maitai mō te whakamahi i ngā taiao moana me ngā taiao tai uaua.
Te Whakamamati i roto i te Whakahaere TPI me te MTC
Kei te piki haere te whakamahi a ngā whare hanga kaipuke hou i ngā pūnaha kounga matihiko:
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Te whai i te waehere QR
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Ngā pātengi raraunga tiwhikete mamati
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Ngā pūrongo tirotiro e ahu mai ana i te kapua
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Manatoko aunoa e taurite ana i ngā tau wera ki ngā pereti
Ka whakaitihia e ēnei taputapu ngā hapa tangata, ka tere ake hoki ngā tukanga tiwhikete.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga nui o te mekameka tuku kaipuke ngā tiwhikete tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru me ngā tiwhikete mira. Mā ēnei ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā pereti maitai kounga-moana i ngā paerewa tino pakari e hiahiatia ana e ngā rōpū whakarōpū me ngā ture o te ao, ka whakaratohia ki ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke he rauemi pono, kounga teitei mō ngā takere, ngā papa, ngā papaaho moana, me ngā hanganga moana nui.
Mā te whakakotahi i te manatoko motuhake me te tuhinga tino tika, ka whakarei ake a TPI me MTC i te haumaru, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kaupapa, ka tautoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka whakamana i te whai i ngā whakaritenga mō te wā roa. I te haere tonu o te ahunga whakamua o te umanga moana, ka piki ake te hiranga o ngā mahi tirotiro me te tiwhikete pakari. Mā te kaha hangarau kaha me te tautoko tuhinga pumau, ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakarato pēnei i a sakysteel i te mākete hanga kaipuke o te ao ki te pupuri i ngā paerewa kounga me te pono teitei.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 14-2025