Ngā Hongere C Kowiri tira
Whakaahuatanga Poto:
Ko ngā hongere kowiri tira he wāhanga hanganga i hangaia mai i te kowiri tira, he koranu ātete-waikura i hangaia tuatahitia mai i te rino, te chromium, te nickel, me ētahi atu huānga.
Ngā Hongere Kowiri tira:
Ko ngā awaawa kowiri tira he kōtaha hanganga i hangaia mai i ngā koranu kowiri tira ātete-waikura, he āhua-C, he āhua-U rānei te āhua, e tika ana mō ngā mahi hanga, ahumahi, me ngā taiao moana. I te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia mā roto i ngā tukanga hurihuri wera, piko makariri rānei, he tino ātete ki te waikura me te tautoko hanganga, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā anga hanga, ngā taputapu hanga, te miihini moana, me ētahi atu mahi. I runga i ngā whakaritenga i whakatūria e ngā paerewa pēnei i te ASTM, EN, me ētahi atu, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā momo kowiri tira rerekē pēnei i te 304, te 316 rānei hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga motuhake o tētahi kaupapa. Tērā pea he rerekē ngā whakaotinga mata o ngā awaawa kowiri tira, pēnei i te oro, te paraihe, te whakaotinga mira rānei, i runga i te whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana me ngā whakaritenga ataahua.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga o te Pae Hongere:
| Tau | 302 304 304L 310 316 316L 321 2205 2507 me ētahi atu. |
| Paerewa | ASTM A240 |
| Mata | He mea pīkaru wera, he mea oro |
| Momo | Hongere U / Hongere C |
| Hangarau | Hurihia Wera, Whakarewahia, Piko |
| Roa | 1 ki te 12 Mita |
Ngā Hongere C:He āhua-C te momo tapahi o ēnei, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā mahi hanganga.
Ngā Hongere U:He āhua U te wāhanga whakawhiti o ēnei, ā, he pai mō ngā mahi e hiahia ana kia tāpirihia te flange o raro ki tētahi mata.
Ngā Momo Pae Hongere:
Te Tika o te Hongere Piko Kowiri tira:
Ka taea te whakahaere i te koki o te hongere piko i roto i te 89 ki te 91°.
Rahi o ngā Hongere C Hurihia Wera:
| Ngā Hongere C | TAUMAHA kg/m | NGĀ WHĀNUI | ΔΙΑΤΟΜΗ | ΡΟΠΗ ΑΝΤΙΣΤΑΣΕΩΣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (mm) | (cm2) | (cm3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| h | b | s | t | F | Wx | Wy | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 x 15 | 1.740 | 30 | 15 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 2.21 | 1.69 | 0.39 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 40 x 20 | 2.870 | 40 | 20 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 3.66 | 3.79 | 0.86 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 40 x 35 | 4.870 | 40 | 35 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 6.21 | 7.05 | 3.08 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 50 x 25 | 3.860 | 50 | 25 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 4.92 | 6.73 | 1.48 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 50 x 38 | 5.590 | 50 | 38 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 7.12 | 10.60 | 3.75 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 60 x 30 | 5.070 | 60 | 30 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.46 | 10.50 | 2.16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 65 x 42 | 7.090 | 65 | 42 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 9.03 | 17.70 | 5.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 80 | 8.640 | 80 | 45 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 11.00 | 26.50 | 6.36 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 100 | 10.600 | 100 | 50 | 6.0 | 8.5 | 13.50 | 41.20 | 8.49 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 120 | 13.400 | 120 | 55 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 17.00 | 60.70 | 11.10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 140 | 16.000 | 140 | 60 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 20.40 | 86.40 | 14.80 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 160 | 18.800 | 160 | 65 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 24.00 | 116.00 | 18.30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 180 | 22,000 | 180 | 70 | 8.0 | 11.0 | 28.00 | 150.00 | 22.40 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 200 | 25.300 | 200 | 75 | 8.5 | 11.5 | 32.20 | 191.00 | 27.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 220 | 29.400 | 220 | 80 | 9.0 | 12.5 | 37.40 | 245.00 | 33.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 240 | 33.200 | 240 | 85 | 9.5 | 13.0 | 42.30 | 300.00 | 39.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 260 | 37.900 | 260 | 90 | 10.0 | 14.0 | 48.30 | 371.00 | 47.70 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 280 | 41.800 | 280 | 95 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 53.30 | 448.00 | 57.20 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 300 | 46.200 | 300 | 100 | 10.0 | 16.0 | 58.80 | 535.00 | 67.80 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 320 | 59.500 | 320 | 100 | 14.0 | 17.5 | 75.80 | 679.00 | 80.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 350 | 60.600 | 350 | 100 | 14.0 | 16.0 | 77.30 | 734.00 | 75.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 400 | 71.800 | 400 | 110 | 14.0 | 18.0 | 91.50 | 1020.00 | 102.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Painga:
•He tino ātete ngā hongere kowiri tira ki te waikura, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao maha, tae atu ki ngā mea e pāngia ana e te makuku, ngā matū, me ngā āhuatanga huarere kino.
•Mā te āhua oro, maeneene hoki o ngā awa waikura kore waikura ka tāpirihia he pā ataahua ki ngā hanganga, kia pai ai mō ngā mahi hoahoanga me ngā mahi whakapaipai.
•Kei te wātea ngā hongere kowiri tira i roto i ngā āhua maha, tae atu ki ngā hongere C me ngā hongere U, ā, he maha ngā momo hoahoa o ngā hongere kowiri tira, ā, ka taea te whakarite kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te kaupapa.
•He roa te ora o ngā hongere kowiri tira, e roa ake ai te mau, ā, e whakaiti ana i te hiahia mō ngā whakakapinga auau.
•He ātete ngā hongere kowiri tira ki ngā kino o ngā momo matū, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi i ngā taiao ahumahi e pāngia noa ana e ngā matū waikura.
•Ka taea te whakarerekē ngāwari i ngā hongere kowiri tira mō ngā tono rerekē, kia ngāwari ai te hoahoa me te hanga.
Ngā Hanganga Matū o ngā Hongere C:
| Tau | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | Hauota |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 17.0-19.0 | 8.0-10.0 | - | 0.10 |
| 304 | 0.07 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 17.5-19.5 | 8.0-10.5 | - | 0.10 |
| 304L | 0.030 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 17.5-19.5 | 8.0-12.0 | - | 0.10 |
| 310S | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.5 | 24-26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | - | - |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | - |
| 316L | 0.030 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | - |
| 321 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | - | - |
Ngā āhuatanga hangarau o ngā Hongere U:
| Tau | Kaha Kume ksi[MPa] | Yiled Strengtu ksi[MPa] | % Toronga |
| 302 | 75[515] | 30[205] | 40 |
| 304 | 75[515] | 30[205] | 40 |
| 304L | 70[485] | 25[170] | 40 |
| 310S | 75[515] | 30[205] | 40 |
| 316 | 75[515] | 30[205] | 40 |
| 316L | 70[485] | 25[170] | 40 |
| 321 | 75[515] | 30[205] | 40 |
Me pēhea te whakapiko i te hongere kowiri tira?
Ko te whakapiko i ngā awaawa kowiri tira me whakamahi i ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga e tika ana. Tīmata mā te tohu i ngā pūwāhi piko o te awaawa, ka whakau mārire ki roto i te mīhini piko, i te pēhi rānei i te pēhi. Whakatikatikahia ngā tautuhinga mīhini, whakamātautauhia he piko kia tika ai, kātahi ka haere tonu me te piko tuturu, me te aroturuki tata i te tukanga me te tirotiro i te koki piko. Whakahokia te tukanga mō ngā pūwāhi piko maha, me whakaoti i ngā mahi whakamutunga e tika ana pērā i te tango i ngā pakaru, me te piri ki ngā aratohu haumaru mā te mau i ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro tika puta noa i te tukanga.
He aha ngā whakamahinga o te hongere kowiri tira?
He rauemi hanganga maha ngā whakamahinga o te maitai hongere, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanganga, te hanga, te motuka, te moana, te pūngao, te tuku hiko, te miihini kawe waka, me te hanga taonga. Nā tōna āhua motuhake, me te kaha me te ātete ki te waikura, he mea pai mō te hanga anga, ngā hanganga tautoko, ngā mīhini, te anga waka, ngā hanganga pūngao, me ngā taonga. He mea whakamahi noa te maitai hongere kowiri tira i roto i ngā rāngai matū me te ahumahi mō te hanga tautoko taputapu me ngā whāriki paipa, e whakaatu ana i tōna hiranga puta noa i ngā ahumahi rerekē.
He aha ngā raruraru o te koki piko o te awa?
Ko ngā take o te koki piko o ngā awaawa kowiri tira ka uru pea ki ngā hapa, te piko kore taurite, te hē o ngā rauemi, te ngatata, te pakaru rānei, te pūmautanga, te kakahu o ngā taputapu, ngā hapa o te mata, te whakapakeketanga o te mahi, me te poke o ngā taputapu. Ka puta ake ēnei raruraru i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tautuhinga mīhini hē, ngā rerekētanga o ngā rauemi, te kaha nui, te kore rānei e tika te tiaki taputapu. Hei whakatika i ēnei take, he mea nui kia piri ki ngā tikanga piko tika, kia whakamahia ngā taputapu tika, kia tiakina tonutia ngā taputapu, kia whakarite hoki kia rite te tukanga piko ki ngā paerewa ahumahi, kia whakaitihia ai te mōrearea o te whakararu i te kounga, te tika, me te hanganga o ngā awaawa kowiri tira.
He aha i whiriwhiri ai i a mātou?
•Ka taea e koe te tiki i te rauemi tino tika e rite ana ki ō hiahia i te utu iti rawa.
•Kei a mātou anō ngā utu tuku Reworks, FOB, CFR, CIF, me te tatau ki te tatau. Ka tūtohu mātou kia mahi koe i tētahi kirimana utu pai, ā, he tino ohanga tēnei.
•Ka taea te manatoko i ngā rauemi e tukuna ana e mātou, mai i te tiwhikete whakamātautau rauemi mata ki te tauākī whakamutunga mō ngā āhuatanga. (Ka whakaatuhia ngā pūrongo mēnā e hiahiatia ana)
•Ka oati mātou ki te whakautu i roto i ngā haora 24 (i taua haora anō)
•Whakaratohia te pūrongo SGS, TUV, BV 3.2.
•E tino whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te tautoko i ā mātou kiritaki. Mēnā kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ō hiahia i muri i te tirotiro i ngā kōwhiringa katoa, e kore mātou e tinihanga i a koe mā te whakaputa kupu whakaari teka, ka waihanga hononga pai ki ngā kiritaki.
•Whakarato ratonga kotahi-mutu.
Ngā Hongere C Kowiri tira mō te tākai:
1. He mea nui te tākai, inā koa mō ngā tukunga o tāwāhi e haere ana ngā uta mā roto i ngā huarahi rerekē kia tae atu ki te ūnga whakamutunga, nō reira ka tino aro nui mātou ki te tākai.
2. He maha ngā huarahi e tākai ai a Saky Steel i ā mātou taonga, e ai ki ngā hua. He maha ngā huarahi e tākai ai mātou i ā mātou hua, pērā i,
