Kodi Chitsulo Cholimba Kwambiri Ndi Chiyani?

Zitsulo zakhala msana wa luso la anthu, kuyambira malupanga akale kupita ku nyumba zosanja zamakono. Koma pankhani ya mphamvu, sizitsulo zonse zomwe zimapangidwa mofanana. Izi zikudzutsa funso lochititsa chidwi kwa mainjiniya, opanga zinthu, ndi asayansi azinthu:chomwe chimapanga chitsulo cholimba kwambiri?Kodi ndi mphamvu yamanjenje? Kuuma? Kukaniza ma deformation? Yankho lagona mu kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zomwe zimatanthawuza mphamvu zonse zachitsulo.

M'nkhaniyi tikambiranachomwe chimapangitsa chitsulo kukhala cholimba, kusanthulazitsulo zolimba zomwe zimadziwika lero, ndi kuunika njira zowaunika. Kaya mukupanga makina ochita bwino kwambiri, zinthu zakuthambo, kapena zida zamakampani, kumvetsetsa mphamvu zachitsulo ndikofunikira pakusankha zinthu zoyenera pantchitoyo.

Monga katswiri wogulitsa zitsulo zamafakitale,sakysteelimapereka luntha komanso mwayi wopeza mitundu ingapo yamphamvu yamphamvu yopangidwa kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zanu zaukadaulo. Tiyeni tilowe mu sayansi ya mphamvu.

1. Kodi “Mphamvu” mu Zitsulo Zimatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Kulimba kwazitsulo kumatha kutanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukana, kuphatikiza:

• Kulimba kwamakokedwe: Kukana kukokedwa

• Compressive Mphamvu: Kukana kuphwanyidwa

• Zokolola Mphamvu: Pamene chinthu chimayamba kupunduka kosatha

• Kuuma: Kukana kupindika kapena kukanda

• Impact Kulimba: Kutha kuyamwa mphamvu panthawi yotsegula mwadzidzidzi

Chitsulo cholimba kwambiri chimalinganiza zinthuzi kuti zigwire ntchito movutikira popanda kulephera.

2. Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Mphamvu Zachitsulo

Zinthu zingapo zimatsimikizira mphamvu yachitsulo:

a) Chemical Composition

Kukhalapo kwa zinthu monga kaboni, chromium, vanadium, kapena molybdenum kumawonjezera mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito azitsulo zoyambira.

b) Kapangidwe ka Crystal

Zitsulo zokhala ndi thupi la cubic (BCC) kapena mawonekedwe a nkhope-centered cubic (FCC) amachita mosiyana ndi kupsinjika. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a titaniyamu otsekeka kwambiri (HCP) amathandizira kulimba kwake.

c) Kuphatikiza

Zambiri mwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri ndizoosati zinthu zenizenikomama alloys opangidwa-Kusakaniza mosamala zitsulo ndi zinthu zina kuti ziwonjezere katundu wina.

d) Chithandizo cha kutentha

Njira monga kuzimitsa, kutenthetsa, ndi kutsekereza zimatha kusintha kapangidwe ka tirigu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amakina.

e) Kuumitsa ntchito

Kuzizira kapena kufota kumatha kulimbikitsa chitsulo pokonzanso kapangidwe kake kambewu ndikuwonjezera kusasunthika kwake.

At sakysteel, timapereka ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri omwe apangidwa ndi kukonzedwa kuti apeze mphamvu zabwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mfundozi.

3. Zitsulo Zamphamvu Kwambiri Padziko Lonse

a) Tungsten

• Ultimate Tensile MphamvuKulemera kwake: ~ 1510 MPa

• Melting PointKutentha: 3422 ° C

• Tungsten ndiyechitsulo cholimba chachilengedweponena za mphamvu yolimba. Ndi brittle, koma imakhala ndi ntchito yapadera yotentha kwambiri.

b) Titaniyamu Aloyi

• Ultimate Tensile Mphamvu: ~1000–1200 MPa (ya Ti-6Al-4V)

• Kulemera kopepuka komanso kolimba, ma aloyi a titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, chitetezo, ndi ntchito zamankhwala.

c) Chromium

• Amadziwika ndi kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu plating ndi zolimba.

d) Inconel Alloys

• Ma aloyi a Nickel omwe amaperekamphamvu kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri. Inconel 625 ndi 718 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini za jet ndi nyukiliya.

e) Zitsulo zachitsulo (mwachitsanzo, Maraging Steel, 440C)

• Zitsulo zamakina zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo kuposa 2000 MPa.

• Zitsulo za Maraging ndizolimba kwambiri komanso zolimba, zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamlengalenga ndi chitetezo.

sakysteelamapereka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zolimba kwambiri monga17-4PH, 440C, ndi ma aloyi opangidwa mwamakonda, yopereka mafakitole omwe amafunikira magwiridwe antchito kwambiri.

4. Momwe Mungasankhire Chitsulo Choyenera Champhamvu pa Ntchito Yanu

Kusankha zitsulo "zamphamvu" zimatengera zanuzofunikira zenizeni za pulogalamu:

a) Mukufuna Mphamvu Zolimba Kwambiri?

Sankhani ma tungsten kapena ma tungsten alloys kuti mugwiritse ntchito ngati zolowera, ma filaments, ndi zomangira zolemetsa kwambiri.

b) Mukufuna Mphamvu ndi Zopepuka?

Ma aloyi a Titaniyamu ndi abwino kwa mbali za ndege, zopangira ma prosthetics, komanso zida zothamanga kwambiri.

c) Mukufuna Kulimbana ndi Kutentha ndi Mphamvu?

Ma aloyi a Inconel ndi Hastelloy amagwira ntchito pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika maganizo - abwino kwa zomera ndi ma turbines.

d) Amafuna Kulimba Kwambiri?

Zida zachitsulo monga 440C ndi D2 zimapereka kukana kovala kwambiri komanso kusunga m'mphepete.

e) Mukufuna Kulimba ndi Kuwotcherera?

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri monga 17-4PH zimapereka malire abwino pakati pa mphamvu, kukana kwa dzimbiri, ndi kutheka.

At sakysteel, timalumikizana kwambiri ndi mainjiniya kuti agwirizane ndi aloyi yoyenera ndi makina, matenthedwe, ndi dzimbiri momwe ntchito yanu imafunira.

5. Kuyesa ndi Kuyeza Mphamvu Zachitsulo

Kuyika ndi kutsimikizira mphamvu, zitsulo zimayesedwa mozama:

• Kuyesa kwa Tensile: Imayezera kuchuluka kwa nkhawa yomwe chitsulo chingapirire chisanaswe.

• Mayeso a Charpy Impact: Imawunika kulimba komanso kuyamwa kwamphamvu.

• Mayeso a Brinell, Rockwell, ndi Vickers Hardness: Onani kuuma.

• Kuyesa kwa Creep: Imayesa kusinthika kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa kupsinjika.

Zogulitsa zonse zimaperekedwa ndisakysteelamaperekedwa ndiZikalata Zoyesa Zinthu (MTCs)zomwe zimapereka zambiri zamakina ndi zamankhwala.

6. Zitsulo Zowonjezereka Kwambiri

Kafukufuku wazinthu zolimba kwambiri akupitilira. Asayansi akupanga:

• Magalasi Ambiri Azitsulo (BMG): Zitsulo za amorphous zokhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zolimba.

• Zitsulo za Graphene-Reinforced: Kuphatikiza graphene ndi zitsulo zamphamvu zomwe sizinachitikepo ndi kulemera kwake.

• Nanostructured Alloys: Kusintha kukula kwa tirigu kukhala nano sikelo kumawonjezera mphamvu komanso ductility.

Ngakhale akadali okwera mtengo kapena oyesera, zida izi zikuyimiratsogolo la mphamvu zachitsulo.

7. Chitsulo Champhamvu Sichikutanthauza Zabwino Kwambiri Pazofunsira Zonse

Ndikofunika kuzindikira zimenezozamphamvu sizitanthauza kuti ndizoyenera kwambirimuzochitika zilizonse. Mwachitsanzo:

• Chitsulo ndichomolimba kwambiriakhoza kukhalakwambiri brittlekwa kutsitsa kwamphamvu.

• Chitsulo cholimba chikhoza kusowakukana dzimbiri, kuchepetsa moyo wake m'malo ovuta.

• Ena aloyi amphamvu angakhalezovuta makina kapena kuwotcherera, kuonjezera ndalama zopangira zinthu.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anambiri yathunthu yantchito-osati mphamvu zokha posankha zipangizo. Akatswiri pasakysteelzingakuthandizeni kukutsogolerani ku chitsulo choyenera cha ntchitoyo.

Mapeto

Choncho,chomwe chimapanga chitsulo cholimba kwambiri?Ndi kuphatikiza zinthu kuphatikiza kapangidwe, alloying, microstructure, ndi njira mankhwala. Zitsulo monga tungsten, ma aloyi a titaniyamu, ndi zitsulo zotsogola zimatsogolera paketiyo mwamphamvu, koma kusankha "kwamphamvu" kumatengera zomwe mukufuna kuchita.

Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu zachitsulo - kulimba, zokolola, kuuma, ndi kulimba - kudzakuthandizani kupanga zisankho zanzeru posankha zinthu.

Ngati mukufuna njira zopangira zitsulo zolimba kwambiri pazamlengalenga, zida, zam'madzi, kapena mafakitale, musayang'anenso kwina.sakysteel. Ndi zaka zaukatswiri, maukonde padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kuchuluka kwa ma alloys amakalasi ochita bwino,sakysteelndi mnzanu kuti mukhale wamphamvu, wodalirika, komanso wopambana.