Ukushisa Insimbi Kuthinta Kanjani Izakhiwo Zayo?

Ukushisa kungenye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngensimbi kanye ne-metallurgy. Kusukela ekubumbeni nasekushiseni kuya ekwelashweni kokushisa kanye nokunamathisela, ukufaka ukushisa ensimbini kushintsha isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi kanye nezakhiwo zayo zemishini nezomzimba. Lezi zinguquko zingaba wusizo noma zibe yingozi kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, kanye nendlela yokupholisa esetshenzisiwe.

Ukuqonda ukuthi ukushisa kuyithinta kanjani insimbi kubalulekile kubakhiqizi, onjiniyela, nanoma ubani osebenza ezimbonini ezifana nokwakha, izimoto, izindiza, kanye nokwenza amathuluzi. Lesi sihloko sizochaza isayensi ngemuva kwalezi zinguquko, izinqubo ezahlukene zokwelapha ukushisa, kanye nemiphumela emandleni, ubulukhuni, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

1. Kungani Ukushisa Insimbi Kushintsha Izakhiwo Zayo

Izinsimbi zinesakhiwo sekristalu, okusho ukuthi ama-athomu azo ahlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile. Uma kusetshenziswa ukushisa, ama-athomu ayadlidliza kakhulu, okungabangela ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesakhiwo sekristalu, ukunyakaza kokuhlukana, ngisho nokushintsha kwesigaba (njengokusuka ku-ferrite kuya ku-austenite ensimbini).

Izici ezibalulekile ezinquma ukuthi ukushisa kuthinta kanjani insimbi yilezi:

• Izinga Lokushisa Elishisayo– Amazinga okushisa aphezulu abangela izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu.

• Isikhathi Sokushisa– Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kuvumela izinguquko ukuthi zenzeke ngokuphelele.

• Izinga Lokupholisa– Ijubane lokupholisa ngemva kokushisa lithinta isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zokugcina.

• Ukwakheka Kwensimbi– Ama-alloy ahlukene asabela ngendlela ehlukile ekushiseni.

2. Izinqubo Ezivamile Zokwelapha Ukushisa

2.1 Ukufakwa kwe-Annealing

Ukufaka insimbi endaweni yokushisisa ethile kuhilela ukuyifudumeza kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elithile, ukuyibamba lapho, bese uyipholisa kancane kancane. Le nqubo ithambisa insimbi, ithuthukise ukuqina kwayo, futhi inciphise ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.

Imiphumela:

• Ukuqina okuncishisiwe

• Ukwanda kokusebenza kahle

• Ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe

Izicelo:

• Ukulungiselela insimbi yokwakheka

• Ukubuyisela ukuguquguquka ngemva kokusebenza okubandayo

2.2 Ukulungisa

Ukulungisa kufana nokufaka umoya endaweni yokupholisa isitofu kancane. Lokhu kukhiqiza isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esifanayo futhi kwandisa amandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokufaka umoya endaweni yokubeka ...

Imiphumela:

• Izakhiwo zemishini ezithuthukisiwe

• Isakhiwo esifanayo

• Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini

Izicelo:

• Izingxenye zensimbi zesakhiwo

• Izingxenye zezimoto

2.3 Ukucima

Ukucima ukupholisa okusheshayo kwensimbi eshisayo, ngokuvamile emanzini, uwoyela, noma emoyeni. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukwandisa ubulukhuni namandla.

Imiphumela:

• Ubulukhuni obuphezulu

• Ukwanda kobuthakathaka uma kungashisi

• Ukuncipha kokuguquguquka

Izicelo:

• Amathuluzi okusika

• Amagiya kanye nemigodi

2.4 Ukulinganisela

Ukushisa kulandela ukucisha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphuka ngenkathi kugcinwa ubulukhuni. Insimbi iyashiswa kabusha kuze kufike ekushiseni okuphansi bese ipholiswa futhi.

Imiphumela:

• Ukuqina okwandisiwe

• Ukuqina okuncishisiwe kancane

• Ukumelana okungcono nokushaqeka

Izicelo:

• I-Springs

• Amathuluzi anamandla aphezulu

2.5 Ukuqinisa Ikesi

Ukuqina kwekhava kuqinisa ubuso bangaphandle bensimbi ngenkathi kugcina ingaphakathi lithambile futhi liqinile. Lokhu kufezwa ngezinqubo ezifana nokufaka i-carburizing noma i-nitriding.

Imiphumela:

• Indawo eqinile engagugi

• Ingaphakathi eliqinile

• Ukumelana nokukhathala okuthuthukisiwe

Izicelo:

• Amabheringi

• Amazinyo egiya

3. Imiphumela Yokushisa Ezimpahleni Zensimbi

3.1 Ubulukhuni

Ukushisa kungandisa noma kunciphise ubulukhuni kuye ngenqubo. Ukucima kwandisa ubulukhuni, kuyilapho ukuqinisa kunciphisa.

3.2 Amandla

Amandla avame ukuthuthukiswa ngokwelashwa ngokushisa okuthuthukisa isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu, njengokulungisa nokuqeda. Kodwa-ke, ukushisa ngokweqile kunganciphisa amandla ngenxa yokukhula kokusanhlamvu.

3.3 Ukuguquguquka

Ukuguquguquka, noma ikhono lokuguquguquka ngaphandle kokuphuka, kuthuthukiswa ngokufaka i-anneal kodwa kuncishiswe ngokucisha.

3.4 Ukuqina

Ukuqina, okuyikhono lokumunca amandla ngaphambi kokuqhekeka, kungathuthukiswa ngokuyithambisa ngemva kokuyicima.

3.5 Ukumelana Nokugqwala

Ezinye izinqubo zokushisa, ikakhulukazi uma zenziwe ngendlela engafanele, zinganciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala ngokubangela ukuna kwe-carbide ezinsimbini ezingagqwali. Ukwelashwa okufanele kokushisa kubuyisela noma kugcina ukuvikelwa kokugqwala.

4. Izinguquko Zesakhiwo Esincane Ezinsimbini Ezibangelwa Ukushisa

Uma izinsimbi zishiswa, isakhiwo sazo esincane siyashintsha. Isibonelo:

• Insimbi:Ishintsha kusuka ku-ferrite/pearlite ibe yi-austenite emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

• Ama-alloy e-aluminium:Imvula iyancibilika noma yakheke kuye ngokushisa, okuthinta amandla.

• Izinsimbi zethusi:Ukukhula kokusanhlamvu kunciphisa amandla kodwa kuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kukagesi.

Lezi zinguquko zinquma ibhalansi yokugcina yobulukhuni, amandla, kanye nokuguquguquka kwensimbi.

5. Izingozi Zokushisa Okungafanele

Ukushisa insimbi ngendlela engafanele kungaholela ku:

• Ukushisa ngokweqile:Kubangela ukukhula okusanhlamvu ngokweqile, kunciphisa amandla nokuqina.

• Ukususa i-carb eyingozi emzimbeni:Ukulahlekelwa yikhabhoni ebusweni bezinsimbi, okunciphisa ubulukhuni.

• Ukusonta noma Ukuhlanekezela:Ukushisa nokupholisa okungalingani kubangela izinguquko ezinkulu.

• Ukuqhekeka:Ukupholisa okusheshayo kwezinye izinhlobo ze-alloy kungabangela imifantu.

6. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni Kwezinsimbi Eziphathwe Ngokushisa

Isibonelo 1: Imboni Yezimoto

Izingxenye zenjini ezifana nama-crankshaft ziphathwa ngokushisa ukuze ziqinise ukukhathala okukhulu.

Isibonelo 2: Ukwenza Amathuluzi

Amathuluzi okusika ayacinywa futhi aqiniswe ukuze anikeze imiphetho ebukhali ukuqina.

Isibonelo 3: Izindiza

Izingxenye zegiya lokufika ziqiniswe nge-case-hard ukuze zingagugi ebusweni kanye nokuqina kwangaphakathi.

7. Indlela Ukushisa Okuthuthukisa Ngayo Ukusebenza Kahle

Ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezifana nokwakha, ukugoqa, kanye nokukhipha, izinsimbi zivame ukushiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwazo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi zibunjwe ngamandla amancane futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka. Ukusebenza ngokushisa emazingeni okushisa alawulwayo nakho kucwengisisa isakhiwo sezinhlamvu.

8. Indima Yomkhathi Olawulwayo

Ezimbonini eziningi, ukushisa kwenziwa endaweni elawulwayo (njengegesi engasebenzi noma i-vacuum) ukuvimbela ukushiswa, ukukhushulwa, kanye nokungcola. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinsimbini ezingagqwali kanye nama-alloy asebenza kahle kakhulu.

9. Isiphetho

Ukushisa insimbi kushintsha izakhiwo zayo ngezindlela ezibalulekile, kuthinta ubulukhuni, amandla, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umgomo ukwenza insimbi ithambe ukuze yakheke, ibe nzima ukuyisika, noma ibe nzima ukuze imelane nokushayisana, ukushisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekufinyeleleni imiphumela efiselekayo.

Ukukhetha inqubo efanele yokwelapha ukushisa nokuyisebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesicelo esihlosiwe. Njengomhlinzeki womhlaba wonke,i-sakysteelihlinzeka ngezinsimbi ezifanele izinqubo ezahlukene zokwelapha ukushisa, iqinisekisa ikhwalithi ehambisanayo kanye nokusebenza okubikezelwayo ezindaweni zezimboni ezidinga kakhulu.