Indlela Yokukhetha Umhlinzeki Webha Eyindilinga Yensimbi Engagqwali eShayina

Isingeniso

Ukuze ukhethe umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali eShayina, amaqembu okuthenga kufanele aqinisekise amazinga ezinto zomhlinzeki, amazinga e-ASTM/EN/JIS/GB, amandla okukhiqiza, inqubo yokuhlola, ukulandeleka kwenombolo yokushisa, ukutholakala kwe-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, ukupakishwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthembeka kokulethwa ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda. Umhlinzeki onokwethenjelwa akufanele nje asho intengo encintisanayo, kodwa futhi asize ukuqinisekisa ibanga elifanele, ukubekezelela usayizi, isimo sobuso, izidingo zokuhlola kanye nemibhalo yokuthunyelwa yephrojekthi yakho.

Amabha ayindilinga ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kabanzi ekushicileleni, kumashafti, kuma-fasteners, kumavalvu, kumaphampu, emishinini yasolwandle, ekucubunguleni amakhemikhali, emishinini yokudla kanye nasezingxenyeni zokwakha. Kubathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle, iShayina isalokhu iyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuthola amabha ensimbi engagqwali ngenxa yobubanzi bayo bokukhiqiza, insizakalo yokusika eguquguqukayo, izinto zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ezivuthiwe kanye nokutholakala okunamandla kwamazinga avamile njenge-304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 310S, 410, 420, 430, 17-4PH, 2205 kanye ne-2507.

Kodwa-ke, umbuzo obalulekile awukona nje ukuthi uzothenga kuphi, kodwa nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali eShayina onganikeza izinto ezifanele, ikhwalithi ezinzile, isitifiketi esiphelele kanye nokulethwa ngesikhathi. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza uhlu lokuhlola lokukhetha umhlinzeki, ulwazi lwe-RFQ, izindlela zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nezinto zobunjiniyela okufanele amaqembu okuthenga azibukeze ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa i-oda.

Iyini Ibha Eyindilinga Yensimbi Engagqwali?

Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali iwumkhiqizo wensimbi oqinile oyisilinda owenziwe ngokugoqa okushisayo, ukudweba okubandayo, ukubumba, ukuhlubula, ukuguqula noma ukugaya. Kuye ngebanga kanye nokuphela kwendawo, imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali inganikezwa ukuze kwenziwe okuvamile, kwenziwe ngokunemba, imigoqo enamandla aphezulu, izingxenye ezingagqwali kanye nensizakalo yokushisa okuphezulu.

Uma uthenga ezimbonini, izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ibanga, ukubekezelela ububanzi, ukuqondeka, ukuqeda ubuso, isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nokulandeleka kwedokhumenti. Umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali ochwepheshe kufanele akwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi yakho idinga ibha emnyama egoqwe ngokushisa, ibha ehlutshiwe, ibha ekhanyayo, ibha edonswayo ebandayo, ibha eyenziwe ngobumba noma ibha yomhlabathi engenasisekelo.

Amafomu Ebha Engagqwali Ejwayelekile

Ifomu Lomkhiqizo	Izici Ezijwayelekile	Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile
Ibha Eyindilinga Eshisayo Egoqekile	Kuyonga, kufanelekile ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhiqizweni okuvamile.	Imigodi, izingxenye zesakhiwo, izingxenye zezimboni ezijwayelekile.
Ibha Ekhanyayo Edonswe Ngobandayo	Ukubekezelela okungcono kobukhulu, ubuso obubushelelezi kanye nokuqondile okuthuthukisiwe.	Umshini wokulungisa ngokunemba, izikhonkwane, izingxenye ze-lathe ezizenzakalelayo.
Ibha Ehlutshiwe/Ejikiwe	Amaphutha angaphezulu asusiwe, afaneleka ekusetshenzisweni okudinga amandla.	Imiphini yokupompa, iziqu zamavalvu, izingxenye zemishini zenani eliphezulu.
Ibha Eyindilinga Eyenziwe Ngobumba	Ifanele ububanzi obukhulu kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zemishini.	Imishini esindayo, imishini yokucindezela, imiphini emikhulu.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokukhetha Umhlinzeki Webha Eyindilinga Yensimbi Engagqwali eShayina

Umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali othembekile kufanele ahlolwe kusukela kokubili embonweni wezohwebo kanye nowezobuchwepheshe. Intengo ibalulekile, kodwa akufanele kube yisona kuphela isici esinqumayo. Ukushintshaniswa kwebanga okungalungile, ukulandelela okubuthakathaka, ukubekezelelana okungacacile noma ukupakisha okubi kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kunomehluko omncane wentengo.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokuqinisekiswa Kwabahlinzeki

Into Yokuqinisekisa	Lokho Abathengi Okufanele Bakuhlole	Kungani Kubalulekile
Amandla Ebanga	304, 316L, 321, 310S, 410, 420, 17-4PH, 2205, 2507 kanye namanye amamaki.	Iqinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki angakwazi ukusekela kokubili izidingo ezivamile kanye neziqondene nephrojekthi.
Ulwazi Lwezindinganiso	Izindinganiso ze-ASTM A276, ASTM A479, EN 10088, JIS G4303, GB/T.	Kuvimbela ukulingana okungalungile noma izinga ngesikhathi sokuthenga.
I-MTC kanye nokulandeleka	Inombolo yokushisa, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nesitifiketi se-EN 10204 3.1.	Isekela ukuvunyelwa kobunjiniyela, ukuhlolwa kanye nokulawulwa kwezinto ezimelene nombumbulu.
Usekelo Lokuhlola	I-PMI, i-UT, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni, ukuhlolwa kokuthambekela, ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu uma kudingeka.	Kunciphisa ubungozi bezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Ulwazi Lokuthumela Ngaphandle	Amakesi okhuni, ama-pallet, ukupakisha amaphakheji, izimpawu zokuthumela, amadokhumenti okuthumela kwamanye amazwe.	Kusiza ekugwemeni umonakalo, ukubambezeleka kanye nezinkinga zedokhumenti yamasiko.

Ulwazi Olubalulekile Lwe-RFQ Abathengi Okufanele Balunikeze

I-RFQ ecacile isiza umhlinzeki ukuthi asho ngokushesha nangokunembile. Lapho ethenga imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali evela eShayina, abathengi kufanele bagweme ukuthumela kuphela "intengo yebha yensimbi engagqwali". Umhlinzeki udinga imininingwane egcwele yobuchwepheshe neyezentengiselwano ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala, indlela yokukhiqiza, ukubekezelelana, ukuhlolwa kanye nezindleko zokupakisha.

Izinkambu ze-RFQ ezinconyiwe

Inkambu ye-RFQ	Isibonelo	Inhloso
Ibanga	Uhlobo lwe-ASTM A276 316L / UNS S31603	Iqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinga elilinganayo.
Usayizi	Ububanzi 50 mm x Ubude 6000 mm	Inquma indlela yokukhiqiza, ukupakisha kanye nesisindo.
Ubuso	Mnyama, ucwebezelisiwe, ukhanya, upholishiwe noma ucoliwe	Kuthinta imvume yomshini wokugaya, ukubekezelelana kanye nentengo.
Ubuningi	500 kg, 1 ton, 5 amathani noma inani lesitsha	Isiza ukubala izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nesimiso sokulethwa.
Ukuhlolwa	I-PMI, i-UT, ukuhlolwa kokuqina, ubulukhuni, ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu	Iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zekhwalithi yephrojekthi.
Imigomo Yokuhweba	I-EXW, i-FOB iShanghai, i-CFR, i-CIF	Icacisa imithwalo yemfanelo yempahla, yentela kanye neyokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.

Ithebula Lokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali yiphuzu lokuqala okufanele uliqinisekise lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali eShayina. Umhlinzeki kufanele anikeze idatha ye-MTC esekelwe enombolweni yokushisa, hhayi nje inani elijwayelekile lekhathalogi. Ngezansi kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokubhekisela zamabanga ebha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali evame ukuthengwa.

Ibanga	I-UNS	I-Cr (%)	I-Ni (%)	Inyanga (%)	Inothi Elijwayelekile
304	S30400	18.0 – 20.0	8.0 – 10.5	-	Ukumelana nokugqwala okuvamile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomshini.
316L	S31603	16.0 – 18.0	10.0 – 14.0	2.0 – 3.0	Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride okungcono kuno-304.
321	S32100	17.0 – 19.0	9.0 – 12.0	-	Izinga eliqiniswe nge-titanium lesevisi yokushisa ephezulu.
2205	S32205 / S31803	22.0 – 23.0	4.5 – 6.5	3.0 – 3.5	Insimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili enamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-chloride.
17-4PH	S17400	15.0 – 17.5	3.0 – 5.0	-	Insimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula yezingxenye ezinamandla aphezulu.

Izakhiwo Zemishini

Izakhiwo zemishini kufanele zibuyekezwe kanye nesimo sokukhiqiza. Imigoqo eqinile egoqwe ngokushisa, efakwe emanzini, edonswe emakhazeni, ephathwe ngesisombululo noma enemvula ingabonisa amandla ahlukene okuthamba, amandla okukhiqiza, ukunwebeka kanye namanani obulukhuni. Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile, abathengi kufanele bacele amanani angempela ku-MTC esikhundleni sokuthembela kudatha yekhathalogi kuphela.

Ibanga	Isimo	Amandla Okudonsa	Amandla Okukhiqiza	Ukwelulwa	Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile
304	I-Annealed	Cishe. ≥515 MPa	Cishe. ≥205 MPa	Cishe ≥40%	Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zomshini kanye nezakhiwo.
316L	I-Annealed	Cishe. ≥485 MPa	Cishe. ≥170 MPa	Cishe ≥40%	Izingxenye zemishini yasolwandle, yamakhemikhali kanye neyokudla.
2205	Isixazululo Esihlanganisiwe	Cishe. ≥655 MPa	Cishe. ≥450 MPa	Cishe ≥25%	Izingxenye zesevisi ye-chloride enamandla aphezulu.
17-4PH	Isimo Sokuguga	Kuncike ku-H900 / H1025 / H1150	Kuncike ekwelashweni kokushisa	Kuncike esimweni	Izindiza, ivalvu, umgodi kanye nezingxenye ezinamandla aphezulu.

Amazinga Asebenzayo kanye namaBanga Alinganayo

Umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali ofanelekayo waseShayina kufanele aqonde amazinga omhlaba wonke kanye nezinhlelo zebanga elilinganayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma umthengi esebenzisa i-ASTM, umdwebo wobunjiniyela usebenzisa izinombolo zezinto ze-EN, kanti incazelo yephrojekthi yendawo ibhekisela kuma-JIS noma ama-GB grades.

Ibanga le-ASTM / AISI	I-UNS	EN / Werkstoff	I-JIS	Izinga Elijwayelekile Lebha
304	S30400	1.4301	I-SUS304	I-ASTM A276 / ASTM A479
316L	S31603	1.4404	I-SUS316L	I-ASTM A276 / ASTM A479
321	S32100	1.4541	I-SUS321	I-ASTM A276 / EN 10088
2205	S32205 / S31803	1.4462	I-SUS329J3L	I-ASTM A276 / ASTM A479
17-4PH	S17400	1.4542	I-SUS630	I-ASTM A564 / ASTM A693

Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Nokulandelela Izinto

Uma uthenga imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali evela eShayina, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kufanele kugxile ekulandeleni kusukela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kuya kubha eqediwe. Ukulawulwa kwenombolo yokushisa kubalulekile. Inombolo yokushisa elebula lebha, ithegi yenqwaba, i-MTC kanye nohlu lokupakisha kufanele kufane. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuxubana kwamazinga futhi kusekela ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi yesikhathi esizayo.

Izinto Zokuhlola Ezinconyiwe

Into Yokuhlola	Inhloso	Isikhathi Sokucela
I-EN 10204 3.1 MTC	Iqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nenombolo yokushisa.	Kunconywa kuma-oda amaningi ezimboni kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI	Iqinisekisa izakhi ze-alloy futhi ivimbele ukuxubana kwezinto.	Kuyadingeka kumamaki abucayi njenge-316L, 2205, 2507 kanye ne-17-4PH.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-UT	Ithola amaphutha angaphakathi kumabha amakhulu kanye namabha ahlanganisiwe.	Kunconywa imigoqo emikhulu, imiphini kanye nezingxenye ezihlobene nokucindezela.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina	Ihlola isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nokusebenza kahle komshini.	Kubalulekile emazingeni okuqina kwe-martensitic kanye nemvula.
Ukuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu	Inikeza isiqinisekiso esizimele ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.	Isetshenziselwa ama-oda ephrojekthi, amathenda kahulumeni kanye nezicelo ezibalulekile.

Ukulawula izinto ezingezona ezangempela kungenye iphuzu elibalulekile lokuhlola umhlinzeki. Umhlinzeki ochwepheshe kufanele agweme imithombo yesitoko engacacile, asekele ukuqinisekiswa kwe-PMI futhi agcine amalebula ezinto ezibonakalayo ebonakala ngesikhathi sokusika, ukupakisha nokulayisha. Ukuze uthole amamaki aphezulu, abathengi bangacela izithombe zangaphambi kokuthunyelwa, amarekhodi enombolo yokushisa kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokukhokha ibhalansi.

Ukuqhathanisa Nezinto Ezifanayo

Ukukhetha ibanga elifanele lebha eliyindilinga lensimbi engagqwali kuncike endaweni yokugqwala, isidingo samandla, izinga lokushisa, inqubo yomshini kanye nesabelomali. Umhlinzeki onekhono kufanele asize abathengi baqhathanise amazinga esikhundleni sokucaphuna kuphela izinto ezishibhile.

Izinto	Inzuzo Eyinhloko	Ukulinganiselwa	Isizathu Esijwayelekile Sokukhetha
Ibha eyindilinga engu-304	Ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala okujwayelekile kanye nokutholakala kabanzi.	Akufanelekile ezindaweni zasolwandle ezicebile nge-chloride.	Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni okuvamile okungabizi kakhulu.
Ibha Eyindilinga engu-316L	Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride okuthuthukisiwe ngenxa ye-molybdenum.	Izindleko ziphakeme kune-304.	Imishini yasolwandle, yamakhemikhali, yokudla kanye neyokwelapha.
Ibha ye-Duplex engu-2205	Amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-chloride okungcono kune-316L.	Kudinga ukwelashwa okushisa okufanele kanye nebhalansi ye-ferrite/austenite.	Ukususwa kukasawoti emanzini asogwini, ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Ibha engu-410/420	Kungaqiniswa ukuze kumelane nokuguguleka kanye namandla.	Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphansi kunezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic.	Amashafu, amathuluzi, izingxenye zamavalvu kanye nezingxenye zokuguguleka.
Ibha engu-17-4PH	Amandla aphezulu ngemva kokuqina kwemvula.	Isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kumele sichazwe ngokucacile.	Izindiza, imiphini yepompo, iziqu zamavalvu kanye nezingxenye ezinamandla aphezulu.

Izicelo Zezimboni

Imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali ikhethwa emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni ngoba ihlanganisa ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla omshini, ukusebenza kahle komshini kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo. Umhlinzeki kufanele aqonde ukusetshenziswa kokugcina ukuze kunconywe izinga elifanele, indawo kanye nokuhlolwa.

Imboni	Amabanga Ajwayelekile	Izingxenye Ezijwayelekile	Isidingo Esiyinhloko
Umshini kanye Nezibambo	304, 316L, 303, 410	Amabholti, amantongomane, amaphini, izingxenye eziqondile.	Ukubekezelela okuhle, ukunemba kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini.
Imishini Yasolwandle	316L, 2205, 2507	Amashafu, izingxenye zephampu, izinto zokufaka kanye nehadiwe yedekhi.	Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride nezinto ezilandelekayo.
Ukucubungula Amakhemikhali	316L, 904L, 2205, 2507	Iziqu zamavalvu, imiphini yokuvuselela, imiphini yokupholisa.	Ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kanye ne-MTC.
Ukudla kanye Nemithi	304, 316L	Amashafu omshini, ama-roller, izingxenye zemishini yokuhlanzeka.	Indawo ehlanzekile, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nemibhalo.
Amandla Namandla	321, 310S, 17-4PH, 2205	Izingxenye ezishisa kakhulu, izingxenye ezihlobene ne-turbine, imiphini.	Amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuhlolwa okuthembekile.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Eya Ku-Export kanye Nesikhathi Sokuhola

Ukupakishwa kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kuyisici esiwusizo kodwa esivame ukunganakwa lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali eShayina. Amabha amade adinga ukuboshwa okuphephile, ukuvikelwa ekugcineni, ukugoqwa okumelana nomswakama kanye nezimpawu zokuthumela ezicacile. Amabha amancane anobubanzi angapakishwa emabhokisini okhuni, kuyilapho amabha amakhulu anobubanzi evame ukupakishwa noma abekwe kuma-pallet aqinile.

Ireferensi Ejwayelekile Yokupakisha Nokulethwa

Uhlobo lwe-oda	Indlela Yokupakisha	Isikhathi Esijwayelekile Sokuhola	Isaziso
Usayizi Wesitoko Oda	Amaqoqo, ibhokisi lokhuni noma iphalethi.	Izinsuku eziyi-7 - 15	Kuncike ekusikeni nasekuhlolweni komsebenzi.
I-oda Lokukhiqiza	Ukugoqa okungangenwa manzi, inqwaba, iphalethi noma ikesi lokhuni.	Izinsuku ezingama-20 - 35	Ifanele osayizi kanye nezindawo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Ibha Enkulu Ehlanganisiwe Yobubanzi	Iphalethi elinzima noma iphakheji eliqinisiwe.	Izinsuku ezingu-30 - 60	Kungadinga ukuhlolwa kwe-UT kanye nokwelashwa ngokushisa.
Umyalo Wokuhlola Weqembu Lesithathu	Kupakishwe ngemuva kokuvunyelwa kokuhlolwa.	Engeza izinsuku ezingu-3 - 7	Uhlelo lokuhlola kufanele luqinisekiswe kusenesikhathi.

Kungani Kufanele Ukhethe Umhlinzeki Ochwepheshe Esikhundleni Sentengo Ephansi Kuphela

Isilinganiso sentengo ephansi singase sibukeke sikhanga, kodwa imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali iyizinto zobunjiniyela, hhayi izinto ezivamile. Umhlinzeki ochwepheshe usiza abathengi ukunciphisa ingozi yephrojekthi ngokuqinisekisa izinto ezifanele, izinga, indawo, ukubekezelelana, ukuhlolwa kanye nemibhalo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Isibonelo, i-304 ne-316L zingase zibukeke zifana, kodwa okuqukethwe kwazo kwe-molybdenum kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride kuhlukile. Insimbi engagqwali ye-duplex engu-2205 idinga ukwelashwa kwesisombululo okulungile kanye nebhalansi yesigaba. I-17-4PH idinga izimo ezicacile zokwelapha ukushisa njenge-H900, H1025 noma i-H1150. Ngaphandle kokulawulwa okufanele kwezinto, umthengi angathola imigoqo okunzima ukuyishicilela, ukwehluleka ukuhlolwa noma okungahlangabezani nezidingo zephrojekthi.

Uma ukhetha umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali eShayina, funa umlingani onganikeza ukuxhumana kwezobuchwepheshe, ukulandelelwa kwezinto, isikhathi esifanele sokuhola, ukupakisha kwamanye amazwe kanye nokusekelwa kwamadokhumenti ngemuva kokuthengisa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubathengi embonini yasolwandle, yamakhemikhali, yemishini yokucindezela, yemishini, yokwakha kanye neyamandla.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa: Ukukhetha Umhlinzeki Webha Engagqwali Eyindilinga eShayina

Yiluphi ulwazi okufanele ngiluthumele uma ngicela ikhotheshini yebha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali?

Sicela unikeze ibanga, izinga elijwayelekile, ububanzi, ubude, ubuningi, ukuqeda kwendawo, ukubekezelelana, izidingo zokuhlola, izidingo zesitifiketi, ichweba lokuya kulo kanye nemigomo yokuhweba oyithandayo. Uma unencazelo yomdwebo noma yephrojekthi, yithumele kanye ne-RFQ.

Ingabe umhlinzeki waseShayina anganikeza i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC?

Yebo. Umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali ochwepheshe anganikeza i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC ekhombisa inombolo yokushisa, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezindinganiso ezifanele. Abathengi kufanele bahlole ukuthi inombolo yokushisa eku-MTC iyafana nelebula lezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kuyadingeka emigoqweni eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kunconywa kakhulu kuma-grade abalulekile e-alloy kanye nama-oda ephrojekthi, ikakhulukazi lapho umthengi edinga ukulawulwa kwezinto ezingezona ezembumbulu. I-PMI ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni izakhi ezibalulekile ze-alloy futhi inciphise ingozi yokuhlanganiswa kwama-grade.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebha egoqekile eshisayo nebha ekhanyayo?

Amabha aguqiwe ashisayo avame ukuba nobuso obumnyama noma obuqinile futhi ayonga kakhulu. Amabha akhanyayo ayadonswa ebanda, ahlutshwe noma agaywe ukuze kufezwe ukuqeda okungcono kobuso, ukubekezelelana kobukhulu kanye nokuqondile. Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike ekuvunyelweni komshini kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina.

Kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukulethwa?

Osayizi besitoko bangase balungele zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-15 ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kwe-oda. Ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, imigoqo emikhulu eyenziwe ngobubanzi, ukuqedwa kwendawo ekhethekile noma ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu kungadinga izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-60 kuye ngokuthi kuchazwe kanjani kanye nenani le-oda.

Isiphetho

Ukuze ukhethe umhlinzeki webha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali eShayina, amaqembu okuthenga kufanele ahlole okungaphezu kwentengo yeyunithi. Umhlinzeki ofanele kufanele aqonde amazinga ensimbi engagqwali, amazinga omhlaba wonke, izidingo zomshini, izindlela zokuhlola, ukulandeleka kwenombolo yokushisa, i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI, ukuhlolwa kwe-UT, ukupakisha kwamanye amazwe kanye namashejuli okulethwa.

Kumaphrojekthi ezimboni, ukunikezwa kwezinto ezithembekile kusho izinkinga zokuhlola ezimbalwa, izingozi zokuthunyelwa ezimbalwa kanye nokusebenza okungcono kwesikhathi eside. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga ibha eyindilinga engu-304 yomshini wokulungisa, ibha engu-316L yokusetshenziswa olwandle, ibha ye-duplex engu-2205 yesevisi ye-chloride noma ibha engu-17-4PH yezingxenye ezinamandla aphezulu, ukukhetha umhlinzeki onolwazi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthenga okuzinzile.

Ukubizelwa Esenzweni