Nā waiwai kino o ka paipu ʻōwili i hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻālohilohi
A. ʻaʻole emi ka lakio o ka elongation ma mua o 55%
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili ma mua o 170HV
C. ka ikaika tensile ʻaʻole emi ma mua o 550N/MM2
ʻAʻole emi ka ikaika o ka hua ma mua o 220N/MM2
E. kihi kūlou>1800; min. radius kūlou <1.5 * anawaena paipu
Nā waiwai kino o ka paipu wili laulā (me ka ʻole o ka annealing ʻālohilohi)
A. ʻaʻole emi ka lakio o ka elongation ma mua o 35%
B. ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili ma mua o 180HV
C. ikaika tensile>600N/MM2
D. ka ikaika hua>280N/MM2
E. kihi kūlou>900; radius kūlou>2 * anawaena paipu
ʻO ka waiwai kū'ē i ke kaomi
E lawe i ka paipu wili 8 * 0.5 * c ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ke kaomi hana e hāpai ʻia e ka paia o loko ʻaʻole emi ma mua o 60BAR
ʻŌmole paipu kila ʻōwili:
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ua lepili ʻia ka paipu kila kila sakysteel e like me nā lula a me nā noi a ka mea kūʻai aku. Mālama nui ʻia e pale aku i kekahi pōʻino i hiki ke hana ʻia i ka wā e mālama ai a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana.