Me pēhea te hanga i ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira?

Whakaahuatanga poto

He mea iti engari he mea nui ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whakapaipai, i ngā mekameka mēra, i ngā hononga ahumahi, i ngā taputapu hī ika, i ngā taputapu taputapu, i ngā mowhiti kī, i ngā tohu, i ngā pūnaha whakairi me ngā tono huihuinga tino tika. Ahakoa te āhua māmā o te mowhiti peke, ko te hanga i tētahi mowhiti peke kowiri tira pono me whiriwhiri tika i ngā rauemi, me whakahaere tika i te diameter waea, me takai tonu, me tapahi ma, me te whakaoti mata me te tirotiro kounga.
Mō ngā kaihoko ahumahi, ko te pātai "me pēhea te hanga mowhiti peke kowiri tira" ehara i te mea ko te tukanga hanga anake. Kei roto hoki ko te kōwhiringa kounga kowiri tira, te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha kume, te āhua o te mata, te manawanui ki ngā āhuatanga, te whai i ngā mea, te tākai me te kaha tuku. Ka whakarato a SAKY STEEL i te waea kowiri tira, te waea porowhita kowiri tira me ngā hua waea kowiri tira ritenga mō ngā kiritaki e hiahia ana ki te mahi pumau me te kounga kua rite ki te kaweake.

He aha ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira?

He mowhiti whakarewa porowhita, porowhita rānei te mowhiti peke kowiri tira, he mea hanga mai i te waea kowiri tira. He iti noa te whakatuwheratanga e taea ai te hono atu i ētahi atu wāhanga. I runga i te whakamahinga, ka taea te whakarato i ngā mowhiti peke hei mowhiti tuwhera, hei mowhiti kati, hei mowhiti whakarewa, hei mowhiti motuhake rānei. Ki te whakatauritea ki te maitai waro, ki te maitai whakakikoruatia rānei, he pai ake te ātete ki te waikura o ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira, he āhua ma ake, ā, he roa ake te ora o te mahi i roto i ngā taiao makuku, moana, taiao rānei.

Ko ngā momo maitai kore waikura e whakamahia ana mō ngā mowhiti peke ko te 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 410, 420 me te 430 te maitai kore waikura. Mō ngā whakamahinga whakapaipai me ngā whakamahinga whānui, he mea whiriwhiri whānuitia te maitai kore waikura 304. Mō ngā taiao moana, matū, waikura nui rānei, he mea pai ake te maitai kore waikura 316 me te 316L nā te mea he nui te molybdenum me te ātete kaha ki te waikura pūhaumāota.

Tukanga Hanga Taketake

Ko te tukanga taketake ko te whiriwhiri i te waea kowiri tira, te takai i te waea huri noa i te mandrel, te tapahi i te koiri kia rite ki ngā mowhiti takitahi, te tango i ngā taha koi, te horoi i te mata, me te tirotiro i ngā ine. Mō te kaha ake, mō ngā tono motuhake rānei, me whai atu pea ētahi atu tukanga pēnei i te whakarewa, te whakakanapa, te whakakore i te wera, te paninga mata rānei.

Hipanga Tukanga	Whakaahuatanga	Pūwāhi Mana Kounga
Kōwhiringa Rauemi	Kōwhiria te momo waea kowiri tira e tika ana pērā i te 304, 316, 316L rānei.	Te tau wera, te manatoko tohu, te hanganga matū.
Tuhi Waea	Tōia he waea ki te diameter e hiahiatia ana me te whakahaere i te manawanui.	Te whānui o te waea, te mutunga o te mata, te kaha kume.
Te takai	Hurihia he waea huri noa i te mandrel hei hanga i ngā koiri ōrite.	Te whānui o roto, te porowhita, te teitei o te koiri.
Te tapahi	Tapahia te koiri kia rite ki ngā mowhiti peke takitahi.	Te tapahi i te āputa, te whakahaere i te pupuhi, te kounga o te taha.
Te whakaoti	Horoia, whakakanapahia, hurihia rānei kia rite ki te hiahia.	Te kanapa o te mata, te ma, te ātete ki te waikura.
Tirotiro	Tirohia te rahi, te rauemi me te āhua o te mata i mua i te tuku.	Whakamātautau PMI, tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga, tirotiro i te tākai.

Te Hanganga Matū

Ko te hanganga matū tētahi o ngā mea tino nui e pā ana ki te ātete ki te waikura, te pakeke, te ngāwari me te mahi hanga. Mō ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira, he mea whakamahi noa te kowiri tira 304 me te 316 nā te mea he pai te taurite o te ātete ki te waikura me te ngāwari ki te mahi. Mena ka whakamahia ngā mowhiti peke ki ngā taiao moana, ki waho, ki ngā taiao matū rānei, he pai ake te kowiri tira 316, 316L rānei.

Tau	C	Cr	Ni	Mo	Mn	Si
304 / UNS S30400	≤0.08	18.0-20.0	8.0-10.5	-	≤2.00	≤1.00
304L / UNS S30403	≤0.03	18.0-20.0	8.0-12.0	-	≤2.00	≤1.00
316 / UNS S31600	≤0.08	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	2.0-3.0	≤2.00	≤1.00
316L / UNS S31603	≤0.03	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	2.0-3.0	≤2.00	≤1.00

Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini

Mā ngā āhuatanga miihini ka whakatau mēnā ka taea e ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira te tu atu ki te tō, te piko, te takai me te huihuinga anō. Ka pāngia te kaha whakamutunga o te mowhiti peke e te pāmahana waea, te diameter, te tohu me te tukanga hanga. Mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia pai ake te ātete ki te kawenga, me whakaū e ngā kaihoko te diameter waea, te whānuitanga kaha kume me te mēnā me whakapiripiri te mowhiti kia kati.

Tau	Te Kaha Kume Noa	Te whakaroa	Āhuatanga Matua
304 Kowiri tira	Tata ki te 515 MPa te iti rawa i roto i te āhua whakamahana	Tata ki te 40% te iti rawa	He pai te āhua hanga, ā, he ātete whānui ki te waikura.
316 Kowiri tira	Tata ki te 515 MPa te iti rawa i roto i te āhua whakamahana	Tata ki te 40% te iti rawa	He ātete pai ake ki te hauota me ngā taiao moana.
410 Kowiri tira	Ka rerekē i runga i te āhua o te maimoatanga wera	I raro iho i ngā tohu austenitic	He kaha ake te mārō, he aukume, he ātete waikura taurite.
430 Kowiri tira	Ka rerekē i runga i te āhua	Waenga	He momo whakapaipai ferritic, aukume, ōhanga hoki.

He raraunga tohutoro whānui ngā uara i runga ake nei. Me whakaū te mahi ā-mīhini tuturu i runga anō i te paerewa ASTM, EN, JIS, GB rānei e hiahiatia ana, te āhua o te waea, te maimoatanga wera me te hoahoa hua whakamutunga.

Ngā Paerewa e tika ana

Mō ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira, ko te rauemi mata he waea kowiri tira. Ko te paerewa e tika ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo, te momo waea, te kukume a te kiritaki me te tono whakamutunga. Mō ngā hoko ahumahi, he mea nui kia whakaūhia te rahi o te hua, engari me te paerewa rauemi mata, te tikanga tirotiro me te whakaritenga tiwhikete.

Rauemi	UNS	Tohutoro EN / DIN	Tohutoro Paerewa Noa	Te Whakamahinga Noa
304	S30400	1.4301 / X5CrNi18-10	ASTM A580, ASTM A313, EN 10088	Ngā mowhiti peke whānui, ngā taputapu, ngā mekameka.
304L	S30403	1.4307 / X2CrNi18-9	ASTM A580, EN 10088	He pai ake te ngāwari ki te whakarewa me te iti ake o te hiahia mo te waro.
316	S31600	1.4401 / X5CrNiMo17-12-2	ASTM A580, ASTM A313, EN 10088	Ngā taiao moana me ngā taiao matū.
316L	S31603	1.4404 / X2CrNiMo17-12-2	ASTM A580, EN 10088	Ngā mowhiti whakarewa, ngā taputapu hauora, te whakamahinga ā-anti-waikura.

Te Whakamātautau Kounga me te Aroturuki Rauemi

Ka tīmata te mowhiti peke kowiri tira pono mai i ngā rauemi mata kua whakahaeretia. Mō ngā ota ahumahi, ka arotahi a SAKY STEEL ki te whakahaere i te tau wera, te manatoko rauemi mata me te whai i ngā mea mai i te hanga waea ki te tākai whakamutunga. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā rauemi hē, ngā momo whakauru, ngā rauemi kowiri tira rūpahu rānei.

Ngā Tuemi Tirotiro Matua

Ka uru pea ki te tirotiro te tātari hanganga matū, te whakamātautau PMI, te ine diameter, te whakamātautau kume, te tirotiro mata, te tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga me te tirotiro tākai. Mō ngā tono nui, ka taea te whakarite tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mā te SGS, BV, TUV me ētahi atu tari tirotiro kua whakaaetia.

Tuemi Tirotiro	Kaupapa	Tuhinga e wātea ana
Te Hanganga Matū	E whakaū ana i te kounga o te kowiri tira me ngā huānga koranu.	EN 10204 3.1 MTC
Whakamātautau PMI	Ka tirotiro i te kounga o ngā rauemi, ā, ka ārai i te ranu o ngā rauemi.	Pūrongo PMI
Tirotiro Ahu	Ka manatoko i te diameter waea, te mowhiti ID, te OD me te āputa tapahi.	Rekoata Tirotiro
Tirotiro Mata	Ka tirotiro i ngā kohao, ngā karawarawa, te waikura me te ma.	Te Rēkoata Tirotiro Tirohanga
Tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru	Tautoko ana i te whakaaetanga kaupapa me ngā whakaritenga kounga a te kiritaki.	Pūrongo SGS / BV / TUV

Te Whakataurite ki ngā Rauemi Rite

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi rerekē hei hanga mowhiti pekepeke, engari he rerekē rawa te mahi. He pai ake te kowiri tira ina hiahia te kaihoko ki te ātete ki te waikura, ki te āhua ma, me te mahi miihini pumau, me te kore e whakawhirinaki noa ki te whakakikorua mata. Mō ngā tono o roto e aro nui ana ki te utu, ka taea te whakamahi i te maitai waro whakakikoruatia, engari he iti ake te pai mō ngā taiao makuku, waikura rānei.

Rauemi	Ātete ki te Waikura	Kaha	Painga Noa	Te Herenga
304 Kowiri tira	Pai	Pai	Te utu me te mahi taurite.	Kāore i te pai mō te kaha o te pānga ki te pūhaumāota.
316 Kowiri tira	Tino Pai	Pai	He pai ake mō te whakamahinga moana me te matū.	He nui ake te utu i te 304.
maitai waro	Iti me te kore paninga	Pai	Te utu iti iho o ngā rauemi mata.	Me whakakikorua, me pania rānei hei ātete i te waikura.
Parahi	Waenga	Waenga	Tae whakapaipai me te ngawari ki te hanga.	He iti ake te kaha me te rerekētanga o te whanonga waikura.
Konumohe	He pai i roto i ngā taiao maha	I raro	Māmā.	He iti ake te ātete kakahu, he iti ake hoki te kaha kawenga.

Ngā Taupānga Ahumahi

E whakamahia ana ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira i roto i ngā mara whakapaipai me ngā mara ahumahi. I roto i ngā mahi hangarau, ko te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha kume, te pumau o te āputa whakatuwheratanga, te maeneene o te mata me te ma o te takai he mea nui anō hoki mō ngā ota kaweake, he mea nui anō hoki te kounga puranga ōrite me ngā tiwhikete rauemi mārama.

Ahumahi	Tono	Rauemi i Manakohia	Whakaritenga Matua
Ngā Whakapaipai me ngā Taputapu	Ngā mekameka, ngā poroporo, ngā tautau, ngā mowhiti kī.	304 / 316L	He mata maeneene, he āhua kanapa, he kōwhiringa e pai ana ki te kiri.
Ngā Taputapu Moana	Ngā matau, ngā hononga, ngā taputapu iti, ngā wāhanga whakairi.	316 / 316L	Ātete ki te rehu tote me te waikura pūhaumāota.
Ngā Tohu Ahumahi	Ngā tapanga taputapu, ngā tūtohu, ngā mekameka haumaru.	304 / 316	Te ōritetanga o ngā āhuatanga me te ātete ki te waikura.
Ngā Hua Mēra mekameka me ngā Hua Tiaki	Mata whakarewa, kākahu tiaki, hanganga hono.	304 / 316	Te rahi o te mowhiti me te kaha o te whakatuwheratanga.
Ngā Hua Hī Ika me ngā Hua o Waho	Ngā maunu, ngā taputapu, ngā matau, ngā hononga.	316 / 316L	Ātete ki te waikura me te kaha pono ki te kukume.

He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te kowiri tira mō ngā mowhiti pekepeke?

Ko te maitai kore waikura te mea e whiriwhiria ana mō ngā mowhiti pekepeke nā te mea he kaha te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha, te āhua me te roa o te mau. Kāore i rite ki ngā rauemi whakakikoruatia, ko te maitai kore waikura kāore e whakawhirinaki ki tētahi paninga angiangi anake hei tiaki i te waikura. Ko te chromium i roto i te maitai kore waikura ka hanga i tētahi kiriata kore e āwhina ana ki te tiaki i te mata o te rauemi.

Ngā Whakaaro Hoko

Mēnā ka hoko koe i ngā mowhiti peke kowiri tira, i te waea kowiri tira rānei hei hanga mowhiti peke, me whakaū e ngā kaihoko te kounga, te whānui o te waea, te whānui o roto o te mowhiti, te mutunga o te mata, te momo whakatuwheratanga, te whakaritenga kume, te tikanga tākai me te whakaritenga tiwhikete. Mō te hanga rahinga nui, me whakaae tauira me te tirotiro puranga i mua i te tuku papatipu.

Ka taea e SAKY STEEL te tautoko i ngā kiritaki me ngā rauemi waea kowiri tira, te whiriwhiri rahi kua whakaritea, te whai i te tau wera, te EN 10204 3.1 MTC, te whakamātautau PMI, te takai kaweake me te whakaritenga tuku. Mō ngā kaupapa ahumahi, ka taea hoki e mātou te āwhina ki te tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru me te whakahaere rauemi rūpahu.

Whakamutunga

Ko te hanga mowhiti peke kowiri tira he mea nui atu i te piko noa i te waea kia porowhita. Ko te hua pumau e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga tika o te kowiri tira, te diameter waea tika, te takai rite, te tapahi tika, te whakaoti mata me te tirotiro tino. Mō ngā tono whānui, he kōwhiringa whai hua te kowiri tira 304. Mō ngā taiao moana, matū, waho rānei, he pai ake te ātete ki te waikura o te kowiri tira 316 me te 316L.

Mō ngā kaihoko e aro nui ana ki te mahi roa, he mea nui kia whiriwhiria he kaiwhakarato ka taea te whakarato i te whai i ngā rauemi, ngā tuhinga tirotiro pono, te kounga puranga ōrite me te takai kua rite ki te kaweake. Ka whakarato a SAKY STEEL i ngā rauemi kowiri tira mō ngā kiritaki ahumahi puta noa i te ao, ā, e tautoko ana i ngā whakaritenga ritenga mō te waea, te pae, te pereti, te paipa me ngā hua kowiri tira motuhake.