Kodi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chosakhala ndi Magnetic Chabwino Kwambiri Ndi Chiti?

Posankha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maginito, mainjiniya ndi opanga zinthu nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi funso ili:Kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi chiyani chabwino kwambiri?
Si zitsulo zonse zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimapangidwa mofanana — ngakhale zambiri zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri, koma mitundu ina yokha ndi yomwe imakhalabe yopanda mphamvu ngakhale itapangidwa kapena kuzizira.

Munkhaniyi, tifufuza kuti ndi zitsulo ziti zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe sizimagwiritsa ntchito maginito, zomwe zimazipanga kukhala zapadera, komanso kuti ndi ziti zomwe zili bwino kwambiri m'mafakitale ovuta monga uinjiniya wa m'madzi, zida zamankhwala, kukonza chakudya, ndi zamagetsi. Monga wogulitsa wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi,SAKYSTEELimapereka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zapamwamba zomwe zimaphatikiza zinthu zopanda maginito ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri amakina.

1. Kumvetsetsa Magnetism mu Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri

Mphamvu ya maginito mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imadalirakapangidwe ka kristalo, zomwe zimatsimikiza momwe maatomu amakonzedwera komanso ngati angagwirizane pansi pa mphamvu yamaginito. Pali mapangidwe atatu akuluakulu:

• Austenitic (Yosakhala ndi Maginito)– Kapangidwe ka cubic (FCC) kokhala ndi nkhope; kokhazikika, kosagwiritsa ntchito maginito ngakhale kutentha kotsika.

• Ferritic (Maginito)- Kapangidwe ka cubic (BCC) yokhazikika pa thupi; maginito achilengedwe chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa atomu.

• Martensitic (Maginito)– Kapangidwe ka tetragonal (BCT) kokhazikika pa thupi; kolimba komanso kolimba kwambiri.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za Austenitic ndi gulu lokhalo la zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe sizili ndi maginito mu mkhalidwe wawo wotsekedwa, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo.nikeli ndi chromiumzomwe zili.

2. N’chiyani Chimapangitsa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Kukhala Chopanda Maginito?

Katundu wosakhala wa maginito mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri umachokera kugawo la austeniticimakhazikika ndi nikeli. Nikeli imasintha kapangidwe ka mkati mwa lattice kuchokera ku cubic yokhazikika pa thupi (BCC) kupita ku cubic yokhazikika pa nkhope (FCC), zomwe zimalepheretsa ma magnetic domains kuti asagwirizane.

Chitsulo chikakhala ndi nikeli ndi nayitrogeni wambiri, kapangidwe ka austenitic kamakhala kolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yosakhala ndi maginito igwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti dzimbiri lisawonongeke.

Pachifukwa ichi, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda maginito zabwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi:

• Pamwambanikelizomwe zili (8% kapena kuposerapo)

• Wocheperakochromium(18% kapena kupitirira apo)

• Zosankhamolybdenum or nayitrogenikuonjezera kukana dzimbiri

3. Magiredi a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chosapanga Dzimbiri

A. 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, 304 (UNS S30400) chili ndi pafupifupi 18% ya chromium ndi 8% ya nickel. Sichimagwiritsa ntchito maginito ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda mphamvu koma chingayambitse maginito pang'ono pambuyo pogwira ntchito yozizira kapena kuwotcherera.
Mapulogalamu:Zipangizo za kukhitchini, matanki, makina opangira chakudya, mapanelo omanga nyumba.

B. 316 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

Yodziwika kuti "gulu la m'madzi," 316 (UNS S31600) ili ndi 16–18% ya chromium, 10–14% ya nickel, ndi 2–3% ya molybdenum. Kuwonjezera kwa molybdenum kumathandizira kukana dzimbiri ndi kuphulika kwa dzenje m'madzi amchere kapena m'malo okhala ndi asidi.
Mapulogalamu:Zipangizo za m'madzi, kukonza mankhwala, zida zachipatala.

C. 310 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

Chitsulochi cholimba kutentha kwambiri chili ndi 25% ya chromium ndi 20% ya nickel. Sichimawononga maginito ndipo chimakhala champhamvu ngakhale m'malo otentha kwambiri.
Mapulogalamu:Zigawo za ng'anjo, zosinthira kutentha, ndi zipinda zoyaka moto.

D. 321 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 321, chokhazikika ndi titaniyamu, chimalimbana ndi mpweya wa carbide panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhalebe ndi mphamvu ya maginito.
Mapulogalamu:Ndege, makina otulutsa utsi, ndi kukonza mankhwala.

Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira cha E. 904L

Mtundu wa super austenitic wokhala ndi nickel wambiri (24–26%), chromium (19–23%), ndi molybdenum (4–5%), wokhala ndi mkuwa wowonjezeredwa kuti ukhale wolimbana ndi asidi. Siwogwiritsa ntchito maginito ngakhale mutagwira ntchito yozizira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazisankho zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mapulogalamu:Makina a mafakitale akunja, a petrochemical, a mankhwala, ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

4. Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chabwino Kwambiri Chopanda Maginito: 316L ndi 904L

Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maginito,316Lndi904LZimakhala zabwino kwambiri pophatikiza kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu ya makina, ndi mphamvu zokhazikika zopanda maginito.

Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri cha 316L – Ubwino Wapamwamba Wapamadzi

• Kaboni Yochepa:Amachepetsa mpweya wa carbide panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isagwire ntchito ngati maginito.

• Kukana Kwambiri Kudzimbiri:Amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi m'malo okhala ndi chloride.

• Kupezeka Kwambiri:Zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupanga, kupotoza, ndi kupukuta.

316L ikadali imodzi mwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosagwiritsa ntchito maginito zodalirika kwambiri m'mafakitale omwe amafuna ukhondo komanso chitetezo cha dzimbiri.

Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira cha 904L – Chosakaniza Chopanda Maginito Chapamwamba

• Kapangidwe ka Super Austenitic:24–26% Ni, 4–5% Mo, ndi zina zazing'ono za mkuwa zimapereka kukana kwabwino kwa asidi.

• Zosakhala ndi Maginito:Ngakhale atapanga, kupindika, kapena kuwotcherera, 904L imasungabe mawonekedwe ake osakhala a maginito.

• Yolimba Kwambiri:Kukana bwino kwambiri sulfuric, phosphoric, ndi acetic acid.

• Mapulogalamu Otchuka:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a mankhwala, uinjiniya wa m'madzi, komanso kupanga mawotchi apamwamba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso otsutsana ndi maginito.

Mwachidule,316Lndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosagwiritsa ntchito maginito chomwe ndi chabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zamafakitale ndi zam'madzi, pomwe904Lndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito malo amphamvu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molondola komwe kulibe mphamvu ya maginito konse ndikofunikira.

5. Mapulogalamu Ofunika Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chosakhala ndi Maginito

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda maginito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale komwe mphamvu ya maginito ingasokoneze magwiridwe antchito kapena chitetezo.

A. Zipangizo Zachipatala ndi Zachipatala

Zipangizo zojambulira za MRI, zida zochitira opaleshoni, ndi zida zamankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito 316L ndi 904L chifukwa sizimasokoneza kujambula kwa maginito kapena kupanga kusokoneza kwa maginito.

B. Kapangidwe ka Zam'madzi ndi Zam'mphepete mwa Nyanja

316L ndi 904L zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'madzi amchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pomanga zombo, mafakitale ochotsa mchere m'madzi, komanso zinthu zina za pansi pa nyanja.

C. Kukonza Chakudya ndi Zakumwa

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda maginito zimateteza kuipitsidwa, zimaonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, komanso zimapewa zinthu zotsukira zokhala ndi asidi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya.

D. Zamagetsi ndi Zamlengalenga

Zipangizo zopanda maginito zimaletsa kusokonezeka kwa masensa ozindikira, makina oyendera, ndi ma circuits amagetsi.

E. Zomera Zamankhwala ndi Zamafuta

904L ndi yabwino kwambiri pa matanki, mapaipi, ndi ma reactor omwe ali ndi ma acid amphamvu, ma chloride, ndi ma oxidizing agents.

6. Kuyerekeza Zitsulo Zosapanga Dzimbiri Zopanda Magnetic