Yeyiphi eyona ntsimbi ingenamagniti ilungileyo?

Xa ukhetha intsimbi engagqwaliyo kwizicelo ezifuna zombini ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuziphatha okungenamagnethi, iinjineli kunye nabayili badla ngokujongana nombuzo:Yeyiphi eyona ntsimbi ingenazibambo ilungileyo?
Ayizizo zonke iintsimbi ezingenasici ezidalwe zilingana — ngelixa uninzi lwazo lumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala, ziintlobo ezithile kuphela ezihlala zingenamagnethi nokuba sele zenziwe okanye zisebenza ngokubandayo.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola ukuba zeziphi iiklasi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezingezizo ezitsala amandla ombane, yintoni eyenza zibe zezahlukileyo, kwaye zeziphi ezingcono kakhulu kumashishini afuna izinto ezininzi njengobunjineli baselwandle, izixhobo zonyango, ukucubungula ukutya, kunye ne-elektroniki. Njengomthengisi ohamba phambili kwihlabathi liphela,I-SAKYSTELIbonelela ngeentsimbi ezingenasici zexabiso eliphezulu ezidibanisa iipropati ezingezizo zemagnethi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu koomatshini.

1. Ukuqonda iMagnetism kwiStainless Steel

Imagnetism kwintsimbi engagqwali ixhomekeke ekubeniisakhiwo sekristale, nto leyo emisela indlela ezicwangciswe ngayo iiathom kunye nokuba zingalungelelana na phantsi kwentsimi yemagnethi. Kukho izakhiwo ezintathu eziphambili:

• I-Austenitic (engeyiyo iMagnetic)– Ulwakhiwo lwe-cubic (FCC) olujonge ubuso; luzinzile, alunamagnethi nokuba kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

• I-Ferritic (iMagnetic)– Ulwakhiwo lwe-cubic (BCC) olugxile emzimbeni; lunemagnethi yendalo ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kweeathomu.

• IMartensitic (iMagnetic)– Ulwakhiwo lwe-tetragonal (BCT) olugxile emzimbeni; luqina kwaye lunamandla ombane.

Iintsimbi ezingenasici zase-Austenitic zezona zodwa zeentlobo zeentsimbi ezingenasici ezihlala zingenamagnethi kwimeko yazo eyomileyo, ngenxa yokuba ziphezulu kakhulu.i-nickel kunye ne-chromiumumxholo.

2. Yintoni Eyenza Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo Ingabi Ngumbane?

Ipropati engeyiyo imagnethi kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo ivela kwiisigaba se-austeniticiqiniswa yi-nickel. I-Nickel itshintsha isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-lattice ukusuka kwi-body-centred cubic (BCC) ukuya kwi-face-centred cubic (FCC), ithintela ii-magnetic domains ukuba zingalingani.

Okukhona intsimbi ine-nickel ne-nitrogen eninzi, kokukhona isakhiwo se-austenitic sizinzile, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza okungenamagnethi kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ezona zintsimbi zingenazintsimbi zingcono kakhulu ezingezizo magnetic ngokubanzi zine:

• Phezului-nickelumxholo (8% nangaphezulu)

• Iphakathii-chromium(18% nangaphezulu)

• Ukhethoi-molybdenum or i-nitrogenukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala

3. IiBanga zeNtsimbi eNgenaMagnetic eziqhelekileyo

A. 304 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo esetyenziswa kakhulu ehlabathini, i-304 (UNS S30400) iqulethe malunga ne-18% ye-chromium kunye ne-8% ye-nickel. Ayinamagnethi xa ikwimeko yokutsalwa kodwa inokuba nemagnethi encinci emva kokusebenza ngokubandayo okanye ukuwelda.
Izicelo:Izixhobo zasekhitshini, amatanki, oomatshini bokulungisa ukutya, iiphaneli zokwakha.

B. 316 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-“marine grade,” i-316 (UNS S31600) iqulethe i-16–18% ye-chromium, i-10–14% ye-nickel, kunye ne-2–3% ye-molybdenum. Ukongezwa kwe-molybdenum kuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nokuqhekeka kwamanzi anetyuwa okanye kwiindawo ezine-asidi.
Izicelo:Izixhobo zaselwandle, ukucubungula iikhemikhali, izixhobo zonyango.

C. 310 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo

Le alloy ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ine-25% ye-chromium kunye ne-20% ye-nickel. Ayinamagnethi kwaye inamandla nokuba kushushu kakhulu.
Izicelo:Izixhobo zesithando somlilo, izixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu, kunye namagumbi okutshisa.

D. 321 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo

Izinzile nge-titanium, intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-321 iyamelana nokuna kwe-carbide ngexesha lokudityaniswa, igcina ukusebenza kwayo kungeyona imagnethi.
Izicelo:I-Aerospace, ii-exhaust manifolds, kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali.

Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo ye-E. 904L

Uhlobo lwe-super austenitic olunezinga eliphezulu le-nickel (24–26%), i-chromium (19–23%), kunye ne-molybdenum (4–5%), kunye ne-copper eyongeziweyo ukuphucula ukumelana ne-asidi. Ayinamagnethi nangona emva kokusebenza kakhulu ebanda, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona ndlela zilungileyo zokusetyenziswa ezibalulekileyo.
Izicelo:Iinkqubo zoshishino ezisebenza ngaphandle kwelizwe, iikhemikhali zepetroli, amayeza, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

4. Eyona ntsimbi ingenamagniti ilungileyo: 316L kunye ne-904L

Phakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo angengomagnetic,316Lkwaye904LZibonakala njengezona ndlela zibalaseleyo xa zidityaniswe ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla oomatshini, kunye neempawu ezizinzileyo ezingezizo zemagnethi.

Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo eyi-316L – Ubuhle Bebanga Lolwandle

• Umxholo weCarbon ophantsi:Inciphisa ukuna kwe-carbide ngexesha lokuwelda, igcina ingenamagnethi.

• Ukumelana Okubalaseleyo Kokugqwala:Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiindawo zamanzi olwandle kunye ne-chloride.

• Ifumaneka Ngokubanzi:Ifikeleleka lula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngomatshini, ukuyishibiliza, kunye nokuyipolisha.

I-316L iseyeyona ntsimbi ingenazintsimbi inokuthenjwa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso efuna ucoceko kunye nokukhuselwa kokugqwala.

Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo eyi-904L – I-Premium Non-Magnetic Alloy

• Ulwakhiwo lweSuper Austenitic:I-24–26% yeNi, i-4–5% yeMo, kunye nokongezwa okuncinci kobhedu kunika ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-asidi.

• Ayisiyo Magnetic Ngokwenene:Nokuba emva kokwenziwa, ukugoba, okanye ukuwelda, i-904L igcina uphawu lwayo olungelulo olwemagnethi.

• Ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu:Ukumelana kakuhle ne-sulfuric, phosphoric, kunye ne-acetic acids.

• Izicelo Eziphezulu:Isetyenziswa kwizityalo zeekhemikhali, ubunjineli baselwandle, kwanakwizinto zodidi oluphezulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zobuhle kunye neempawu zokulwa nemagnethi.

Kufuphi,316Lyeyona ntsimbi ingenazibambo ilungileyo engenamagnethi kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso kunye nezolwandle ngokubanzi, ngelixa904Lyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhetha kwiindawo ezinobundlongondlongo okanye usetyenziso oluchanekileyo apho ukungasebenzisi magnetism ngokupheleleyo kubalulekile.

5. Izicelo Ezifuna Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo EngengoMagnetic

Iintsimbi ezingenamagcisa zisetyenziswa kumashishini apho i-magnetism inokuphazamisana nokusebenza okanye ukhuseleko.

A. Izixhobo zonyango nezeLebhu

Iiskena ze-MRI, izixhobo zotyando, kunye nezixhobo ze-biomedical zisebenzisa i-316L kunye ne-904L kuba aziphazamisi imifanekiso yemagnethi okanye zidale ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.

B. Izakhiwo zaseLwandle nezaseLwandlekazini

I-316L kunye ne-904L zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiimeko zamanzi anetyuwa, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zilungele ukwakha iinqanawa, izityalo zokukhupha ityuwa, kunye nezixhobo ezingaphantsi kolwandle.

C. Ukulungiswa kokutya neziselo

Iintsimbi ezingenamagineti ezithintela ungcoliseko, ziqinisekisa ucoceko, kwaye ziyamelana nezinto zokucoca ezine-asidi ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yokutya.

D. Izixhobo zombane kunye neenqwelo-moya

Izinto ezingezizo ezisebenzisa imagnethi zithintela ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa ezibuthathaka, iinkqubo zokuhambisa, kunye neesekethe ze-elektroniki.

E. Izityalo zeKhemikhali kunye nePetrochemical

I-904L ikhethwa kakhulu kwiitanki, iipayipi, kunye nee-reactors ezivezwe kwii-asidi ezinamandla, ii-chloride, kunye nee-oxidizing agents.

6. Ukuthelekisa iintsimbi ezingenanto zeMagnetic eziPhambili