Iyiphi Insimbi Engagqwali Engeyona I-Magnetic Engcono Kakhulu?

Lapho ukhetha insimbi engagqwali yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kokubili ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuziphatha okungenamagnetic, onjiniyela nabaklami bavame ukubhekana nombuzo:Iyiphi insimbi engagqwali engcono kakhulu engeyona i-magnetic?
Akuzona zonke izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezidalwe zilingana — kuyilapho eziningi zimelana nokugqwala nokugqwala, amamaki athile kuphela ahlala engasebenzi ngisho nangemva kokwenziwa noma ukusebenza ngokubandayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi yimaphi amamaki ensimbi engagqwali angenawo amandla kazibuthe ngempela, yini eyenza ahluke, nokuthi iyiphi engcono kakhulu yezimboni ezidinga kakhulu njengobunjiniyela basolwandle, imishini yezokwelapha, ukucubungula ukudla, kanye ne-elekthronikhi. Njengomhlinzeki ohamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele,I-SAKYSTEELinikeza izinsimbi ezingagqwali zekhwalithi ephezulu ezihlanganisa izakhiwo ezingezona ezikagesi kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwemishini.

1. Ukuqonda i-Magneticism ensimbi engagqwali

Uzibuthe ensimbi engagqwali luncike ekutheniisakhiwo sekristalu, okunquma ukuthi ama-athomu ahlelwe kanjani nokuthi angaqondana yini ngaphansi kwensimu yamagnetic. Kunezakhiwo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• I-Austenitic (Okungeyona i-Magnetic)– Isakhiwo se-cubic esigxile ebusweni (i-FCC); esizinzile, esingenawo amandla kagesi ngisho noma amazinga okushisa aphansi.

• I-Ferritic (i-Magnetic)– Isakhiwo se-cubic esigxile emzimbeni (i-BCC); ngokwemvelo sinobuthi ngenxa yokuqondana kwama-athomu.

• I-Martensitic (i-Magnetic)– Isakhiwo se-tetragonal (BCT) esigxile emzimbeni; siqina futhi sinamandla amakhulu.

Izinsimbi ezingagqwali zase-Austenitic ziwukuphela komndeni wezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezihlala zingenawo amandla kazibuthe esimweni sazo esincishisiwe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuphakama kwazo.i-nickel ne-chromiumokuqukethwe.

2. Yini Eyenza Insimbi Engagqwali Ingabi Nozibuthe?

Isici esingeyona i-magnetic ensimbi engagqwali sivela ku-isigaba se-austeniticiqiniswa yi-nickel. I-Nickel ishintsha isakhiwo se-lattice sangaphakathi kusuka ku-cubic egxile emzimbeni (BCC) kuya ku-cubic egxile ebusweni (FCC), ivimbela ama-domain amagnetic ukuthi aqondane.

Uma insimbi iqukethe i-nickel ne-nitrogen eningi, isakhiwo se-austenitic siba sizinzile, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza okungenamagnetic kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinsimbi ezingenasici ezingezona ezikagesi ezingcono kakhulu ngokuvamile zinalezi:

• Phezului-nickelokuqukethwe (8% noma ngaphezulu)

• Okumaphakathii-chromium(18% noma ngaphezulu)

• Ongakukhethai-molybdenum or i-nitrogenukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala

3. Amabanga Ensimbi Engagqwali Engavamile Engeyona I-Magnetic

A. 304 Insimbi Engagqwali

Insimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, i-304 (UNS S30400) iqukethe cishe i-18% ye-chromium kanye ne-8% ye-nickel. Ayinamagnetic uma isesimweni sokunamathela kodwa ingase ibe namandla amancane okuzibamba ngemva kokusebenza ngokubandayo noma ukushisela.
Izicelo:Imishini yasekhishini, amathangi, imishini yokucubungula ukudla, amaphaneli ezakhiwo.

B. 316 Insimbi Engagqwali

Eyaziwa ngokuthi “ibanga lolwandle,” i-316 (UNS S31600) iqukethe i-chromium engu-16–18%, i-nickel engu-10–14%, kanye ne-molybdenum engu-2–3%. Ukwengezwa kwe-molybdenum kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwemigodi emanzini anosawoti noma ezindaweni ezine-asidi.
Izicelo:Ihadiwe yasolwandle, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, amathuluzi ezokwelapha.

C. 310 Insimbi Engagqwali

Le alloy emelana nokushisa okuphezulu iqukethe i-25% ye-chromium kanye ne-20% ye-nickel. Ihlala ingenawo amandla kazibuthe futhi inamandla ngisho nasezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu.
Izicelo:Izingxenye zesithando somlilo, izinto zokushintshanisa ukushisa, kanye namakamelo okushisa.

D. 321 Insimbi Engagqwali

Iqiniswe nge-titanium, insimbi engagqwali engu-321 imelana nokuna kwe-carbide ngesikhathi sokushisela, igcina ukuziphatha okungenamagnetic.
Izicelo:Izindiza, imishini yokukhipha ugesi, kanye nokucubungula amakhemikhali.

Insimbi Engagqwali engu-E. 904L

Ibanga le-super austenitic eliqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-nickel (24-26%), i-chromium (19-23%), kanye ne-molybdenum (4-5%), kanye nethusi elengeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana ne-asidi. Ayinamagnetic ngisho nangemva kokusebenza kanzima emakhazeni, okwenza kube ngenye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu zezicelo ezibalulekile.
Izicelo:Izinhlelo zezimboni ezisebenza ngaphandle kolwandle, ezisebenza ngophethiloli, ezisebenza ngemithi, kanye nezinga eliphezulu.

4. Insimbi Engagqwali Engeyona I-Magnetic Engcono Kakhulu: 316L kanye no-904L

Phakathi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene angewona amagnetic,316Lfuthi904Lzivelele njengezinketho ezinhle kakhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okusebenza, kanye nezakhiwo ezizinzile ezingezona ezikagesi.

Insimbi Engagqwali engu-316L – Ubuhle Bebanga Lasemanzini

• Okuqukethwe Okuphansi Kwekhabhoni:Kunciphisa imvula ye-carbide ngesikhathi sokushisela, okwenza ingabi namandla kagesi.

• Ukumelana Okuvelele Kokugqwala:Isebenza kahle kakhulu emanzini olwandle kanye nasezindaweni ze-chloride.

• Kutholakala kabanzi:Ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyishicilela, ukuyishibiliza, nokuyipholisha.

I-316L isalokhu ingenye yezinsimbi ezingenasici ezingewona amandla kazibuthe ezithembeke kakhulu ezimbonini ezidinga kokubili ukuhlanzeka kanye nokuvikelwa kokugqwala.

Insimbi Engagqwali engu-904L – I-Alloy Engeyona I-Magnetic Esezingeni Eliphezulu

• Ukwakheka Okukhulu Kakhulu Kwe-Austenitic:24–26% Ni, 4–5% Mo, kanye nokwengezwa okuncane kwethusi kunikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-asidi.

• Akuyona I-Magnetic Ngempela:Ngisho nangemva kokwakheka, ukugoba, noma ukushisela, i-904L igcina uhlamvu lwayo olungeyona i-magnetic.

• Kuhlala Isikhathi Eside Kakhulu:Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nama-sulfuric, phosphoric, kanye nama-acetic acid.

• Izicelo Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu:Isetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali, ubunjiniyela basolwandle, ngisho nasekwenzeni amawashi asezingeni eliphezulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile zobuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nogesi.

Kafushane,316Liyinsimbi engagqwali engagqwali engaphelele engeyona enezibuthe engcono kakhulu yezicelo ezijwayelekile zezimboni nezasolwandle, kuyilapho904Lkuyindlela engcono kakhulu ye-premium yezindawo ezinolaka noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinembile lapho ukungabi namandla okuzibuthe ngokuphelele kubalulekile khona.

5. Izicelo Ezidinga Insimbi Engagqwali Engeyona I-Magnetic

Izinsimbi ezingenamagagasi ezingezona ezikagesi zisetshenziswa ezimbonini lapho amandla kazibuthe angaphazamisa ukusebenza noma ukuphepha.

A. Imishini Yezokwelapha Neyelebhu

Izikena ze-MRI, amathuluzi okuhlinza, kanye namathuluzi e-biomedical asebenzisa i-316L kanye ne-904L ngoba aziphazamisi izithombe zamagnetic noma zidale ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.

B. Izakhiwo Zasolwandle Nasezindaweni Zasogwini

I-316L kanye ne-904L zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni zamanzi anosawoti, okwenza zibe zilungele ukwakha imikhumbi, izitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini, kanye nezingxenye zangaphansi kolwandle.

C. Ukucubungula Ukudla Neziphuzo

Izinsimbi ezingenamagagasi ezingasebenzisi magnethi zivimbela ukungcola, ziqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka, futhi zimelana nezinto zokuhlanza ezine-asidi ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukudla.

D. Izinto Zokusebenza Ze-elekthronikhi Nezindiza

Izinto ezingezona ezikagesi zivimbela ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa ezizwelayo, izinhlelo zokuzulazula, kanye nezifunda zikagesi.

E. Izitshalo Zamakhemikhali Neze-Petrochemical

I-904L ikhethwa kakhulu ngamathangi, amapayipi, kanye nama-reactor abekwe kuma-asidi aqinile, ama-chloride, kanye nama-oxidizing agents.

6. Ukuqhathanisa Izinsimbi Ezingagqwali Ezingezona EzikaMagnetic Ezihamba Phambili