Ndi Chitsulo Chiti Chomwe Sichimamatira ku Maginito?

Anthu ambiri amadabwa kumva kuti si mitundu yonse ya zitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi maginito. Ndipotu, zitsulo zina sizimamatira ku maginito konse. Katunduyu ndi wofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale monga uinjiniya wa m'madzi, kukonza chakudya, zida zamankhwala, ndi zamagetsi, komwe kusokonezedwa ndi maginito kapena kuipitsidwa kuyenera kupewedwa.

Ndiye, ndi mtundu wanji wa chitsulo chomwe chimagwira ntchitoosamamatira ku maginitoYankho lili mu kapangidwe kake ka mkati ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala. Munkhaniyi, tifotokoza chifukwa chake zitsulo zina sizili ndi maginito, ndi mitundu iti yabwino kwambiri, komanso momwe mungasankhire zinthu zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Monga wogulitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri wodalirika,SAKYSTEELimapereka mitundu yonse ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda maginito zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zigwire ntchito bwino, kudalirika, komanso kukana dzimbiri padziko lonse lapansi.

1. Kumvetsetsa Chifukwa Chake Zitsulo Zina Zimamamatira ku Maginito

Kuti timvetse chitsulo chomwe sichimamatira ku maginito, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsachifukwa chake zitsulo zambiri zimakhala ndi maginito.
Chitsulo chimapangidwa makamaka ndi chitsulo, chomwe chimakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka mwachilengedwe chifukwa chakiyubiki yokhazikika pa thupi (BCC)kapangidwe ka kristalo komwe kamalola ma domain a maginito kugwirizana mosavuta.

Komabe, pamene nickel kapena zinthu zina zosakaniza ziwonjezeredwa, kapangidwe ka kristalo kamasintha kukhalakiyubiki yoyang'ana nkhope (FCC)mawonekedwe, omwe salola kuti maginito agwirizane. Iyi ndi kapangidwe kamene kamapezeka muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zomwe ndi mitundu yayikulu ya chitsulo chosakhala ndi maginito.

2. Sayansi ya Magnetism mu Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri

Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kutengera kapangidwe kake ka kristalo ndi kachitidwe ka maginito:

• Zitsulo Zosapanga Dzimbiri za Austenitic (Zopanda Magnetic):
  Ali ndi kapangidwe ka FCC komanso nickel yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwere ngakhale kutentha kutsika.

• Zitsulo Zosapanga Dzimbiri za Ferritic (Maginito):
  Ali ndi kapangidwe ka BCC ndipo ali ndi chromium koma nickel yochepa kapena palibe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi mphamvu ya maginito.

• Zitsulo Zosapanga Dzimbiri za Martensitic (Maginito):
  Ali ndi kaboni wambiri ndi chromium, amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kutentha, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya maginito.

Chifukwa chake,zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austeniticndi zitsulo zomweosamamatira ku maginitoali mu mkhalidwe wawo wotsekedwa.

3. Zitsulo Zomwe Sizimamatira ku Maginito

A. Mtundu wa 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, 304 chili ndi pafupifupi 18% ya chromium ndi 8% ya nickel.
Kapangidwe kake ndi kopanda mphamvu ndipo motero sikopanda mphamvu ya maginito. Komabe, pambuyo pogwira ntchito yozizira kapena kuwotcherera, imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito pang'ono chifukwa cha kusintha pang'ono kukhala martensite.

Mapulogalamu:Zipangizo za kukhitchini, matanki, mapaipi, ndi nyumba zomangidwa.

B. Mtundu 316 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316 chodziwika kuti "m'madzi," chili ndi 16–18% chromium, 10–14% nickel, ndi 2–3% molybdenum. Kuwonjezera kwa molybdenum kumawonjezera kukana dzimbiri, makamaka motsutsana ndi ma chloride ndi madzi amchere. Sichimakhalabe ndi maginito ngakhale mutapanga kapena kupanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera malo omwe kusokoneza maginito kuyenera kupewedwa.

Mapulogalamu:Zipangizo za m'madzi, zida zopangira mankhwala, ndi zida zachipatala.

C. Mtundu 310 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ichi chosatentha, chomwe chili ndi 25% chromium ndi 20% nickel, chimapereka mphamvu yotentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu zopanda maginito.

Mapulogalamu:Mafuko, zoyatsira moto, ndi zosinthira kutentha.

D. Mtundu 321 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 321, chokhazikika ndi titaniyamu, chimasunga kapangidwe kake kopanda maginito ngakhale pambuyo powotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga komanso mankhwala otentha kwambiri.

Mapulogalamu:Magalimoto otulutsa utsi, zida za injini ya jet, ndi mafakitale a mankhwala.

E. Mtundu wa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira cha 904L

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chapamwamba kwambiri chokhala ndi nickel yambiri (24–26%) ndi molybdenum (4–5%), komanso chowonjezera cha mkuwa kuti chikhale cholimba komanso cholimba.
Ndizopanda mphamvu kwenikweni, ngakhale mutachita ntchito zambiri zopangira kapena kuwotcherera.

Mapulogalamu:Mapulatifomu akunja kwa nyanja, zida zamankhwala, ma reactor a mankhwala, ndi zinthu zapamwamba.

4. Chomwe Chimapangitsa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri cha Austenitic Kukhala Chopanda Magnetic

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za Austenitic zimakhazikika ndinikeli, yomwe imasintha kapangidwe ka chitsulo kuchokera ku BCC (magnetic) kupita ku FCC (nonmagnetic).
Kapangidwe ka FCC sikulola kuti ma domain a maginito azigwirizana, zomwe zimalepheretsa chitsulo kuti chisamamatire ku maginito.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu monganayitrogenindimanganeseakhoza kulimbitsa kwambiri kapangidwe kameneka kopanda maginito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake maginito monga 316 ndi 904L, omwe ali ndi nickel ndi molybdenum yambiri, amakhalabe opanda maginito ngakhale atapangidwa kwambiri.

5. Ntchito Zomwe Zimafuna Zitsulo Zopanda Magneti

A. Zipangizo Zachipatala ndi Zachipatala

Zitsulo zopanda maginito ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ma scanner a MRI, zida zopangira opaleshoni, ndi mipando yachipatala, komwe ngakhale mphamvu ya maginito yochepa ingayambitse kusokoneza kapena kuopseza chitetezo.

B. Kapangidwe ka Zam'madzi ndi Zam'mphepete mwa Nyanja

M'madzi a m'nyanja kapena m'madzi amchere, magiredi osagwiritsa ntchito maginito monga 316 ndi 904L amapereka kukana bwino dzimbiri ndipo amapewa kukopa zinyalala kapena tinthu ta dzimbiri pogwiritsa ntchito maginito.

C. Makampani Okonza Zakudya

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda maginito chimatsimikizira ukhondo, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa chitsulo kuchokera ku mphamvu ya maginito panthawi yopanga.

D. Zamagetsi ndi Zamlengalenga

Kapangidwe kake kosakhala ka maginito kamaletsa kusokonekera kwa chizindikiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolondola mu makina oyendetsera, masensa, ndi zida zolondola.

E. Zipangizo Zamankhwala ndi Zamafuta

Mu ma reactor a mankhwala ndi mapaipi komwe kukana dzimbiri ndi kuyera ndikofunikira, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda maginito zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'mikhalidwe yovuta.

6. Momwe Mungadziwire Chitsulo Chosakhala cha Magnetic

Kuyesa kosavuta kwa maginito kungasonyeze kusiyana:

• Palibe chokopa:Yopanda mphamvu yamagetsi (austenitic).

• Kokopa pang'ono:Kusintha pang'ono chifukwa cha ntchito yozizira kapena kuwotcherera.

• Chikoka champhamvu:Magnetic (ferritic kapena martensitic).

Pakutsimikizira mafakitale, kulola kwa maginito kungathe kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba kuti zitsimikizire ngati zinthuzo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kosakhala kwa maginito.

7. Kuyerekeza Zitsulo Zosakhala Zamaginito ndi Zamaginito