He aha ke kila i ʻole e pipili i ka Magnet?

He nui ka poʻe i kahaha i ka ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole he makeneka nā ʻano kila āpau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pili iki kekahi mau kila i nā makeneka. He waiwai nui kēia waiwai i nā ʻoihana e like me ka ʻenekinia moana, ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā lako lapaʻau, a me nā mea uila, kahi e pono ai ke pale ʻia ka hoʻopilikia makeneka a i ʻole ka haumia.

No laila, he aha ke ʻano o ke kila e hana aiʻaʻole e pipili i ka magnetAia ka pane i loko o kona ʻano kūloko a me ka hoʻohuihui kemika. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e wehewehe mākou i ke kumu he nonmagnetic kekahi mau kila, ʻo wai nā papa maikaʻi loa, a pehea e koho ai i ka mea kūpono no kāu noi. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako kila kila hilinaʻi,SAKYSTEELhāʻawi i kahi laulā piha o nā kila kila nonmagnetic i hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻawi i ka hana, ka hilinaʻi, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka corrosion ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

1. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i ke kumu e pili ai kekahi mau kila i nā magnet

I mea e maopopo ai i ke kila ʻaʻole e pipili i ka magnet, pono mua mākou e hoʻomaopopono ke aha he magnetic ka hapa nui o nā kila.
ʻO ke kila ka mea nui i hana ʻia me ka hao, he mea makeneka maoli ia ma muli o konacubic kikowaena kino (BCC)ʻano kristal e hiki ai i nā ʻāpana magnetic ke hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e hoʻohui ʻia ai ka nickel a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe, loli ke ʻano kristal i kahicubic maka-kikowaena (FCC)ʻano, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka hoʻonohonoho magnetic. ʻO kēia ke ʻano i loaʻa i lokonā kila kila austenitic, ʻo ia nā ʻano kila mua ʻaʻole magnetic.

2. ʻO ka ʻEpekema o ka Magnetism i loko o ke kila kila

ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o nā kila kila e pili ana i ko lākou ʻano kristal a me ke ʻano magnetic:

• Nā kila kila Austenitic (ʻAʻole magnetic):
  He ʻano FCC a kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka nickel, e hana ana iā lākou ʻaʻole magnetic ʻoiai i nā mahana haʻahaʻa.

• Nā kila kila Ferritic (Makeneka):
  He ʻano BCC ko lākou a loaʻa ka chromium akā he nickel kakaikahi a ʻaʻohe paha, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea magnetic ikaika.

• Nā kila kila Martensitic (Makeneka):
  Loaʻa i ke kalapona a me ka chromium kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka wela, a hōʻike i nā waiwai magnetic ikaika.

No laila,nā kila kila austeniticʻo ia nā kilamai hoʻopili i ka magneti ko lākou kūlana i hoʻomehana ʻia.

3. Nā kila i ʻole e pipili i nā magnet

A. ʻAno 304 kila kila

ʻO ke kila kila maʻamau ma ka honua, aia ma kahi o 18% chromium a me 8% nickel 304.
He austenitic piha kona ʻano a no laila ʻaʻole magnetic. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka hana anu a i ʻole ka wili ʻana, hiki ke hoʻomohala i kahi pane magnetic iki ma muli o ka hoʻololi hapa ʻana i martensite.

Nā noi:Nā lako kīhini, nā pahu wai, nā paipu, a me nā hale hana.

B. ʻAno 316 kila kila

ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka "papa moana," aia i loko o ke kila kila 316 he 16-18% chromium, 10-14% nickel, a me 2-3% molybdenum. Hoʻonui ka hoʻohui molybdenum i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ʻoiai hoʻi i nā chlorides a me ka wai paʻakai. Noho mau ia ʻaʻole magnetic ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana a i ʻole ka mīkini ʻana, e kūpono ana no nā wahi kahi e pono ai ke pale ʻia ka hoʻopilikia magnetic.

Nā noi:Nā lako hana moana, nā lako hana kemika, a me nā mea hana lapaʻau.

C. ʻAno 310 kila kila

ʻO kēia kila kila kūpaʻa wela, nona ka 25% chromium a me 20% nickel, hāʻawi i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻano nonmagnetic.

Nā noi:Nā umu ahi, nā mea puhi ahi, a me nā mea hoʻololi wela.

D. ʻAno 321 kila kila

Paʻa ʻia me ka titanium, mālama ke kila kila 321 i kona ʻano nonmagnetic ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, e lilo ia i koho maikaʻi loa no nā noi kemika aerospace a me nā noi kemika wela kiʻekiʻe.

Nā noi:Nā manifolds hoʻopau, nā ʻāpana ʻenekini jet, a me nā hale hana kemika.

ʻAno E. 904L kila kila

He kila kila super-austenitic kiʻekiʻe me ka nickel kiʻekiʻe loa (24-26%) a me ka molybdenum (4-5%), me nā hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o ke keleawe no ka pale ʻana i ka waikawa.
ʻo iaʻaʻohe makeneka piha, ʻoiai ma hope o nā hana hoʻokumu nui a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana.

Nā noi:Nā kahua kai, nā lako lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hana kemika, a me nā huahana waiwai.

4. He aha ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i ke kila kila Austenitic i mea ʻaʻole magnetic

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kila kila Austenitic enikala, ka mea e hoʻololi ai i ke ʻano hao mai BCC (magnetic) a i FCC (nonmagnetic).
ʻAʻole ʻae ka ʻōnaehana FCC i ke kūlike ʻana o nā ʻāpana magnetic, ka mea e pale ai i ke kila mai ka pipili ʻana i nā magnet.

Eia kekahi, nā mea e like menaikokenea memanganesehiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou i kēia ʻano nonmagnetic. ʻO ia ke kumu e like me nā papa e like me 316 a me 904L, nona ka nui o ka nickel a me ka molybdenum, e noho mau loa ʻaʻole magnetic ʻoiai ma hope o ka hana kaumaha.

5. Nā noi e koi ana i nā kila nonmagnetic

A. Nā Lako Lapaʻau a me nā Lako Hana Keʻena

He mea koʻikoʻi nā kila nonmagnetic no nā scanner MRI, nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki, a me nā lako haukapila, kahi e hiki ai i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka magnetism ke hoʻopilikia a i ʻole nā ​​​​pōʻino palekana.

B. Nā Hana Kai a me nā Hana Ma waho o ke Kai

I nā wahi kai a i ʻole ka wai paʻakai, hāʻawi nā papa nonmagnetic e like me 316 a me 904L i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala a pale i ka huki ʻana o ka magnetic i nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻāpana popo.

C. ʻOihana Hana Meaʻai

Hoʻomaopopo ke kila kila ʻole magnetic i ka maʻemaʻe, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a pale i ka haumia metala mai nā kahua magnetic i ka wā o ka hana ʻana.

D. Nā Mea Uila a me ka Lewa

Pale nā ​​​​​​waiwai nonmagnetic i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka hōʻailona, ​​​​e hōʻoia ana i ka pololei i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele, nā mea ʻike, a me nā mea hana pololei.

E. Nā Lako Kemika a me Petrochemical

I loko o nā mea hana kemika a me nā paipu kahi e pono ai ke kūpaʻa i ka pala a me ka maʻemaʻe, hana pono nā kila kila nonmagnetic ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻino.

6. Pehea e ʻike ai i ke kila nonmagnetic

Hiki i kahi hoʻāʻo magnet maʻalahi ke hōʻike i ka ʻokoʻa:

• ʻAʻohe mea hoihoi:ʻAʻole piha ka magnetic (austenitic).

• ʻUmi iki:Hoʻololi hapa ma muli o ka hana anu a i ʻole ka kuʻihao.

• Ka hoihoi ikaika:Mākēneki (ferritic a martensitic paha).

No ka hōʻoia ʻoihana, hiki ke ana ʻia ka permeability magnetic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako holomua e hōʻoia inā hoʻokō ka mea i nā kikoʻī no ka hana nonmagnetic.

7. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā kila Nonmagnetic a me Magnetic