Tšepe ea AISI H12 e chesang ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e sebelisoang haholo lelapeng la tšepe ea lisebelisoa, e tsejoang ka motsoako oa eona o ikhethang oa ho tiea, ho hanyetsa mocheso le matla a ho tsofala. Ha liindasteri li ntse li tsoela pele ho batla thepa e matla le e tšoarellang haholoanyane bakeng sa ho lahla, ho betla le ho ntša,AISI H12e ntse e le khetho e ratoang har'a baenjiniere le baetsi ba lisebelisoa lefatšeng ka bophara.
Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba ka botlalo hore na tšepe ea AISI H12 ke eng, sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mechini, mokhoa oa kalafo ea mocheso, lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng tsa indasteri, le hore na hobanengSAKYSTELEke e mong oa bafani ba tšepe ea H12 e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa e tšepahalang ka ho fetisisa.
1. Selelekela sa Tšepe ea AISI H12
AISI H12 ke tšepe ea tšepe e chesang e thehiloeng ho chromium e leng ea letoto la litšepe tsa H, tse kenyeletsang mefuta e kang H10, H11, le H13. Litšepe tsena li sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa lisebelisoa tse kenyeletsang ho pepesehela mocheso o phahameng le khatello ea mechine.
Tlhaloso ya “H” e bolela “Mosebetsi o Chesang,” e leng se bontshang hore AISI H12 e etseditswe ho boloka thata le matla esita le ha e sebediswa maemong a lehodimo a phahameng. Sehlopha sena se fana ka kganyetso e ntle ya ho kgathatseha ha mokhathala wa mocheso, ho oxidation le ho nolofala ha ho pepesehela mocheso nako e telele.
AISI H12 e lekantsoe tlas'a mabitso a 'maloa a tšoanang:
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AISI H12 / UNS T20812
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Nomoro ea Werkstoff 1.2605
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DIN X35CrW5 / X35CrMoV5-1
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JIS SKD6
Ka lebaka la motsoako oa eona oa ho thatafala, ho tiea le ho hanyetsa mocheso, AISI H12 e loketse lisebelisoa tse boima, li-chest dies le li-extrusion hlobo.
2. Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale sa AISI H12
Tshebetso ya tshepe ya AISI H12 e ipapisitse haholo le sebopeho sa yona sa dikhemikhale se leka-lekaneng ka hloko. Boteng ba chromium, molybdenum, le tungsten bo fana ka matla a mocheso o phahameng le ho hanyetsa oxidation, ha khabone e netefatsa ho tiya le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala.
| Karolo | Dikahare (%) |
|---|---|
| Khabone (C) | 0.35 – 0.45 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 4.75 – 5.50 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 1.10 – 1.75 |
| Tungsten (Bohareng) | 1.00 – 1.75 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.20 – 0.60 |
| Silicone (Si) | 0.80 – 1.20 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.25 – 0.50 |
| Nikele (Ni) | ≤ 0.3 |
| Sebabole (S) + Fosforasi (P) | ≤ 0.03 |
Sebopeho sena se fana ka sebopeho se leka-lekaneng hantle se tšehetsang botsitso ba mocheso le ba mechini. Chromium e eketsa ho hanyetsa ho bola le ho boloka thata, ha tungsten le molybdenum li matlafatsa tšepe mochesong o phahameng.
3. Thepa ea Mekaniki ea AISI H12
Tshebetso ya mechine ya AISI H12 e etsa hore e lokele mesebetsi e kenyeletsang di-circuits tsa kgatello e phahameng le mocheso. Dibopeho tse tlwaelehileng tsa mechini kamora kalafo ya mocheso ke tse latelang:
| Thepa | Boleng bo Tloaelehileng |
|---|---|
| Bothata (Bo atolositsoe) | ≤ 229 HB |
| Ho thatafala (ho thatafalitsoe le ho halefa) | 44 – 52 HRC |
| Matla a tšepe | 1500 – 1900 MPa |
| Matla a Tekanyo | 1200 MPa (hoo e ka bang) |
| Ho lelefatsa | 10 – 15% |
| Matla a Tšusumetso | E ntle haholo mochesong o phahameng |
AISI H12 e kopanya matla a chesang a phahameng le ho tiea, e leng se fokotsang kotsi ea ho petsoha nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho lahla ka tšepe kapa ho qapa. Sete ena ea thepa e lumella tšepe ho sebetsa hantle tlas'a potoloho ea mocheso e pheta-phetoang.
4. Mokhoa oa ho Phekola Mocheso
Kalafo e nepahetseng ea mocheso e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mechini ea AISI H12. Ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea kalafo ea mocheso e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:
Annealing
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Futhumatsa ho fihlela ho 850–900°C.
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Tšoara lihora tse 2-4 ho latela boholo ba karolo.
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Pholisa butle ka ontong ho fihlela ho 600°C, ebe o e pholile moeeng.
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Sephetho: Sebopeho se bonolo se nang le bothata ≤ 229 HB bakeng sa ho sebetsa ka machining.
Ho futhumatsa
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Futhumatsa butle-butle ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: ea pele ho isa ho 450–500°C, ebe ho ea ho 850–900°C.
Ho thatafatsa
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Ho matlafatsa mocheso ho 1000–1050°C.
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Tšoara nako e lekaneng (metsotso e 20-30).
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E tima ka ho hlapa moeeng, ka oli, kapa ka letsoai mochesong oa 550°C.
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Sephetho: Ho thatafala ho fihlela ho 52 HRC.
Ho leka-lekanya
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Halefisa hang ka mora ho thatafatsa.
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Mocheso o tloaelehileng oa ho futhumatsa: 500–650°C.
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Ho kgothaletswa ho tjhesa habeli bakeng sa ho ntlafala ha ho tiea.
Kamora ho bebofatsa, thatafalo ya ho qetela e ka laolwa ho ya ka tshebediso e lakatsehang — ka kakaretso pakeng tsa44 ho isa ho 52 HRC.
5. Melemo ea Tšepe ea AISI H12
AISI H12 e ananeloa haholo ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e leka-lekaneng hantle. Ka tlase ke melemo e meholo e etsang hore e be thepa e tšepahalang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa indasteri:
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Khanyetso e Phahameng ea Mokhathala oa Thermal
E hanela ho petsoha tlas'a potoloho ea ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa khafetsa. -
Ho tiea ho babatsehang
E boloka matla a ho tshwarwa esita le tlasa kgatello le mocheso o phahameng. -
Botsitso bo Botle ba Tekanyo
Ho sotha ho fokolang nakong ea kalafo ea mocheso ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha lisebelisoa. -
Ho Hanela ho Nolofatsa
E boloka thatafalo mochesong o phahameng oa tšebeletso ho fihlela ho 600°C. -
Khanyetso e Ntle ea ho Aparela
E loketse ditikoloho tse kgopameng tse kang di-dies tsa extrusion le dihamore tsa forging. -
Ho sebetsa ka thata le ho phaphamala
AISI H12 e fana ka bokgoni bo itekanetseng ba ho sebetsa mme e ka fihlella qetello e ntle ya bokaholimo.
Likarolo tsena li etsa hore AISI H12 e be e 'ngoe ea likhetho tse theko e tlaase haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse boima tsa mosebetsi o chesang.
6. Likopo tsa Liindasteri
AISI H12 e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri tse hlokang ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng le ho tiea. Lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
1. Lisebelisoa tsa ho Lahlela Maru
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Khatello ea ho lahla li-dies tsa ho lahla li-dies
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Li-insert tsa die
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Lipini tsa mantlha le matsoho
2. Li-die tsa ho betla
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Li-dies tsa forge tsa lerotholi
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Mochini o chesang oa ho hatisa o shoa
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Lisebelisoa tse halefisang
3. Li-die tsa Extrusion
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Li-die tsa extrusion tsa aluminium
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Lisebelisoa tsa ho cheka tsa koporo le magnesium
4. Li-mold tsa polasetiki le li-hot runners
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Li-cores tsa hlobo tsa ente ea polasetiki
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Sistimi ea ho matha bakeng sa polasetiki e mocheso o phahameng
5. Likarolo tsa Lifofane le Likoloi
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Li-blades tsa turbine le likarolo tsa nozzle
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Litulo tsa li-valve tsa enjene le li-insert tse futhumatsang haholo
6. Li-blade le Li-punch tse Chesang
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Li-blade tsa ho seha bakeng sa thepa e nang le mocheso o phahameng
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Lisebelisoa tsa ho phunya bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tšepe e chesang
Tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea AISI H12 liindastering tse ngata e bontša ts'epo ea ts'ebetso ea eona le bophelo ba eona bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso.
7. Papiso: AISI H12 khahlanong le AISI H13 khahlanong le H11
Leha AISI H13 le H11 le tsona e le di-steel tse tsebahalang tsa ho sebetsa ka mocheso, H12 e fana ka tekano e ikgethang ya matla le ho tiya.
| Thepa | AISI H11 | AISI H12 | AISI H13 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khabone (C) | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 5.25 | 5.25 | 5.25 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.35 |
| Tungsten (Bohareng) | — | 1.50 | — |
| Matla a Chesang | Ho lokile | E babatsehang | Hantle haholo |
| Mokhathala o Chesang | E itekanetseng | E babatsehang | E babatsehang |
| Ho hanyetsa ho apara | E itekanetseng | Holimo | Holimo Haholo |
AISI H12E fana ka matla a chesang a phahameng le ho hanyetsa ho petsoha ha e bapisoa le H11, ha e ntse e boloka ho tiea ho feta H13 lits'ebetsong tse itseng. Sena se etsa hore e tšoanelehe haholo bakeng sa li-dies tsa forging tse boima le li-mold tsa extrusion.
8. Mehopolo ea ho Cheka le ho Tjhesetsa
Ho etsa mechini
AISI H12 e lokela ho etsoa ka mochini boemong ba eona bo koetsoeng. Tekanyetso ea eona ea ho sebetsa ka mochini ke hoo e ka bang 75% ea tšepe ea AISI 4140. Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa carbide le ho boloka maemo a pholileng a nepahetseng ho bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo bolelele ba lisebelisoa.
Ho tjheseletsa
Ho tjheseletsa hoa khoneha ka ho futhumatsa pele ho nako (250–350°C) le ho futhumatsa kamora ho tjheseletsa ho qoba ho petsoha. Disebediswa tse kgothalletswang tsa ho tlatsa di tshwana le tshepe ya motheo.
Phekolo ea Bokaholimo
Bakeng sa bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso, mekhoa ea ho phekola bokaholimo joalo ka ho kenya nitriding kapa ho koahela ka PVD e ka sebelisoa. Libaka tse nang le nitrided AISI H12 li bontša ho thatafala ho ntlafetseng le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ntle le ho lahleheloa ke ho tiea ha karolo ea mantlha.
9. Mefuta le Boholo ba Phepelo
SAKYSTELEe fana ka tšepe ea lisebelisoa tse chesang tsa mosebetsi tsa AISI H12 ka mefuta le boholo bo fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa:
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Mekoallo e chitja
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Libara tse bataletseng
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Lipoleiti le liboloko
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Li-billet tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso
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Li-dies tse entsoeng esale pele
Lisebelisoa tsohle li fanoa kaEN 10204 3.1 Setifikeiti sa Teko sa Mill, e netefatsang sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le ts'ebetso ea mechini. Litšebeletso tsa ho seha tse ikhethileng, ho sebetsa ka nepo, le kalafo ea mocheso le tsona lia fumaneha ho latela litlhaloso tsa moreki.
10. Netefatso ea Boleng le Maemo
At SAKYSTELE, thepa eohle ea AISI H12 e hlahisoa ho latela maemo a machaba a kang:
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ASTM A681 - Sesebelisoa sa Tšepe se kopantsoeng
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DIN EN ISO 4957 – Lisebelisoa tsa Tšepe
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JIS G4404 – Lisebelisoa tsa Tšepe tsa Motsoako
Sehlopha se seng le se seng se feta taolong e tiileng ea boleng, ho kenyeletsoa le liteko tsa ultrasound, tlhahlobo ea thatafalo, le tlhahlobo ea metallographic ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e se nang sekoli.
11. Malebela a Bophelo bo Botle ba Sesebelisoa
Ho fihlella bophelo bo botle ka ho fetisisa ba sesebelisoa ho tsoa likarolong tsa AISI H12:
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Sebelisa ho futhumatsa hantle pele o sebetsa.
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Qoba ho feto-fetoha ho feteletseng ha mocheso.
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Etsa ho tenyetseha habeli bakeng sa ho matlafatsa ho tiea.
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Sebelisa nitriding bakeng sa ho thatafala ha bokaholimo ka nako e telele.
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Boloka setlolo se tsitsitseng ha ho sebelisoa mocheso.
Ho latela litataiso tsena ho netefatsa hore tšebeletso e tla nka nako e telele, nako e fokotsehileng ea ho se sebetse, le ho boloka litšenyehelo bakeng sa basebelisi ba liindasteri.
12. Qetello
AISI H12 ke tšepe ea sesebelisoa sa ho sebetsa se chesang e sebetsang hantle e fanang ka ho tiea ho ikhethang, ho hanyetsa mocheso le botsitso bo boholo libakeng tse feteletseng tsa indasteri. Sebopeho sa eona se leka-lekaneng sa alloy le ho hanyetsa mokhathala o phahameng oa mocheso ho etsa hore e be thepa e ratoang bakeng sa ho betla, ho lahla ka dae le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa extrusion.
Ka lilemo tsa boiphihlelo ba tlhahiso le ho romela kantle ho naha,SAKYSTELEe fana ka lihlahisoa tsa tšepe tsa AISI H12 tsa boleng bo holimo tse fihlelang maemo a machaba le litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa bareki. Hore na o hloka liboloko tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso, lipoleiti tse sehiloeng ka nepo, kapa libare tse seng li loketse ho sebelisoa mochining,SAKYSTELEe netefatsa boleng bo tšepahalang, phano e etsoang ka nako, le tšehetso ea botekgeniki ea litsebi.
Nako ea poso: Mphalane-28-2025