Ukusebenzisa intambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwiibhulorho zokumiswa

Iibhulorho ezixhonyiweyo ziphakathi kwezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo nezibalulekileyo kubunjineli bokwakha banamhlanje. Zenzelwe ukuba zihambe imigama emide kwaye zixhase imithwalo enzima enobunzima obuncinci besakhiwo, ezi bhulorho zixhomekeke kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwexesha elide, uzinzo, kunye nokhuseleko. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni kwazo yiintambo yocingo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo.

Kule nqaku ineenkcukacha, sijonga indlelaintambo yocingo yentsimbi engagqwaliyoinegalelo ekusebenzeni, kukhuseleko, nasekuhlaleni ixesha elide kweebhulorho ezixhonyiweyo. Ukusuka kwiintambo ezithwala umthwalo ukuya kwiinkqubo zokubambelela ezixineneyo, intsimbi engagqwaliyo iphinda ichaze ukuthembeka kweziseko zophuhliso. Fumanisa isizathu sokuba iinjineli zeebhulorho kunye nabaphuhlisi beziseko zophuhliso kwihlabathi liphela babhenele kwii-sakysteelkwizisombululo zentsimbi engagqwali ezithembekileyo.

1 Indima yentambo yocingo kwiibhulorho ezixhonyiweyo

Iibhulorho ezixhonyiweyo zisasaza ubunzima bendlela kwaye zihambisa imithwalo ngaphesheyaiintambo eziphambili, ezixhonywe phakathi kweenqaba ezimbini kwaye zibotshelelwe kuzo zombini iziphelo. Izixhasi ezithe nkqo (ii-hangers) zidibanisa ezi ntambo kwidekhi yebhulorho, ziyixhasa njenge-cradle.

Intambo yocingo ibalulekile:

• Iintambo eziphambiliezithwala umthwalo wonke webhulorho

• Iintambo ze-hangerezidibanisa idekhi nenkqubo yokuxhoma ephambili

• Ukuqinisa nokuqinisa iintamboezichasene nomoya, ukungcangcazela, kunye namandla enyikima

Ngenxa yokuba ezi nkqubo zihlala ziphantsi koxinzelelo kwaye zichatshazelwe kwiimeko ezinzima, ukukhetha izinto kubalulekile.

2 Kutheni intambo yentsimbi engenasici?

Intambo yentsimbi engenasiciYenziwe ngemicu emininzi yentsimbi yentsimbi engamelani nokugqwala ejijekileyo ukuze ibe namandla angcono kwaye iguquguquke. Yenzelwe ukuphathauxinzelelo olukhulu, ukuvezwa kwimozulu, kunye nokudinwa— nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyoubunjineli bebhulorho.

Nangona iintambo zentsimbi yekhabhoni zemveli zisaqhelekile, intsimbi engagqwaliyo inika ukuphuculwaukumelana nokugqwala, ubude bobomikunyeukugcinwa okuncitshisiweyo, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ixabiso lomjikelo wobomi.

Iingenelo ezi-3 eziphambili zentambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwiibhulorho zokumiswa

3.1 Ukumelana Okungaqhelekanga Nokugqwala

Intsimbi engenasici—ingakumbiAISI 316 kunye namabanga e-duplex—inika ukumelana okuhle kakhulu:

• Ityuwa ephuma kwiindawo ezikufutshane nonxweme okanye ezikufutshane nomlambo

• Imvula eneasidi kunye nongcoliseko lwezidolophini

• Iikhemikhali zokususa i-icing ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezibandayo

• Umswakama, ukukhanya kwe-UV, kunye nokujikeleza kobushushu

Olu xhathiso lokugqwala luqinisekisaukuthembeka koomatshinikwentambo yentambo kangangeminyaka emininzi, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala kwesakhiwo.

3.2 Ukuqina Kwexesha Elide

Ngokungafaniyo nentsimbi yekhabhoni, intambo yentsimbi engatyiwayo ayifuni ukugqunywa rhoqo okanye ukugalelwa nge-galvanization. Iyamelana nezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Umphezulu wemingxunya

• Ukugqwala kwangaphakathi

• Ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo phantsi koxinzelelo loomatshini

Ezi propati zinciphisa iindleko zokulungisa kwaye zandisa ibhulorhoubomi boyilo obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-75–100.

3.3 Amandla Okuxinana Aphezulu

Iintambo zentsimbi engenasicibonelelaamandla okutsalwa angaphezulu kwe-1570 MPa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zikwazi ukuthwala amawaka eetoni. Iintambo ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo eziphambili zihlala zenzelwe oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuthwala umthwalo oguqukayo rhoqo

• Ukufunxwa komthwalo womoya kunye nowenyikima

• Ukuthintela ukungcangcazela kwabantu abahamba ngeenyawo okanye iimoto

Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwebhulorho nokuba kukho ukuguquguquka okukhulu komthwalo.

3.4 Ukumelana nokudinwa

Iibhulorho zithwala izigidi zemijikelo yomthwalo ngenxa yokuhamba kwezithuthi, umoya, kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu. Iintsimbi ezingatyiwayoukumelana nokudinwa okuphezuluikhusela kwi:

• Ukuqhekeka kwestrand ngokuhamba kwexesha

• Ukungaphumeleli okubangelwa kukungcangcazela

• Ukudinwa kuyaqhekeka kwiindawo eziqinileyo

Oku kubalulekileii-hangers kunye nee-suspenders, ezihamba kancinci ngomthwalo ngamnye odlulayo.

3.5 Ubuhle Bobuhle

Iibhulorho zanamhlanje azisebenzi nje kuphela—ziimpawu zokwakha.ukugqitywa okuqaqambileyo kwentambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyoIhambelana noyilo lwebhulorho oluhle, inika inkangeleko yekamva neyobuchwephesha obuphezulu.

Oku kuyenza ibe yeyona ithandwayo:

• Iibhulorho ezixhonyiweyo zabahambi ngeenyawo

• Iindlela zokugqitha ezidolophini

• Ufakelo lwezakhiwo oludumileyo

Usetyenziso olu-4 lwentambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kubunjineli bebhuloho

4.1 Iintambo eziphambili zokumiswa

Ezi zezonaizinto eziphambili ezithwala umthwaloyebhulorho exhonyiweyo. Intambo yentsimbi engenasici ingabotshelelwa okanye ibotshelelwe kwiintambo ezijikeleza iikhilomitha.

4.2 Iintambo zokuxhoma (Ii-Strike Suspenders)

Isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa idekhi yebhulorho kwintambo ephambili. Ifuna ukuguquguquka okuphakathi, ukumelana nokudinwa okugqwesileyo, kunye nokubambelela okuqinileyo.

4.3 Iintambo zokubambelela kunye neentambo zoGuy

Zinzisa idekhi yebhulorho kunye neenqaba ngokuchasene nentshukumo esecaleni ebangelwa ngumoya okanye ziinyikima.

4.4 Izibambo kunye nezithintelo zoKhuseleko

Intambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-balustrade kunye nemigca yokhuseleko lwabahambi ngeenyawo kwidekhi yebhulorho, nto leyo ephucula ukhuseleko kunye nenkangeleko.

Izinto ezi-5 ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa usebenzisa intambo yeBridge Wire Rope

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, iinjineli kufuneka ziqwalasele oku kulandelayo:

• Ububanzi kunye nomthamo womthwalongokusekelwe kubungakanani bebhulorho kunye nomthamo wezithuthi

• Uhlobo lolwakhiwo(umz., 1×91 okanye 7×19) ukuze kubekho amandla kunye nokuguquguquka okulinganayo

• Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngaphambi koxinzelelongexesha lokufakwa

• Iingubo zokukhusela okanye izigqubutheloukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo kwiindawo eziyingozi kakhulu

• Iinkqubo zovavanyo lokudinwa kunye nokubeka esweniixesha elidlulele

Ngei-sakysteel, ungachaza amanqanaba ezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngqo, ulwakhiwo lwentambo, ububanzi, kunye nokugqitywa kwayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yeziseko zophuhliso.

Izifundo zeMeko ezi-6 zeHlabathi lokwenyani

1. Iibhulorho zokumiswa kwabahambi ngeenyawo zasezidolophini
Oomasipala baseYurophu naseAsia bakhethe intambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwiibhulorho zabahambi ngeenyawo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ubunzima bayo obuphantsi, kunye neemfuno zayo zolondolozo eziphantsi.

2. Iiprojekthi zeBhulorho yoNxweme
Iibhulorho ezichatshazelwe ngamanzi olwandle, njengaseJapan okanye eNorway, zisebenzisa ii-hangers zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nee-handrails ukunciphisa ukugcinwa okubangelwa kukugqwala.

3. Ukubuyiselwa kweeBhlorho zeMbali
Iibhulorho ezixhonyiweyo zemveli ezilungiswayo zihlala zitshintsha iintambo zentsimbi ezindala ngentambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuphucula ukhuseleko ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubuhle.

7 Kutheni Khetha i-sakysteel yeRope yeStainless Steel Wire yeBridge-Grade

i-sakysteelngumthengisi wehlabathi jikelele weukwenza okuphezuluintambo yocingo yentsimbi engagqwaliyoYenzelwe iziseko zophuhliso, ulwandle, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso. Kwiiprojekthi zeebhulorho ezixhonyiweyo, sinikezela ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

• I-AISI 304, 316, 316L, kunye neeklasi zentsimbi engagqwali ezimbini

• Ukwakhiwa kweentambo ezenziwe ngokwezifisoukuze ufumane amandla, ukumelana nokudinwa, kunye nokuguquguquka

• Iinketho zentambo yentambo enobubanzi obukhulungenkxaso enzima yesakhiwo

• Iinkonzo ezimfutshane kakhulu, izixhobo, kunye nenkxaso yokufakela

• UkuthobelaImigangatho yokhuseleko ye-ASTM, EN, ISO, kunye nebhulorho

Sikwabonelelaiingcebiso zobugcisaukunceda iinjineli zokwakha kunye nabakhi ukuba bakhethe intambo efanelekileyo kwisigaba ngasinye seprojekthi—ukusuka kuyilo ukuya ekuqaliseni umsebenzi.

Ngamava eminyaka emininzi kunye nerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo,i-sakysteeliqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza, kunye nokuzinza kwisisombululo ngasinye sentambo yocingo.

Iingcebiso ezi-8 zoFakelo kunye noLondolozo

• Iintambo zoxinzelelo ngaphambi kokuba uxinezeleke ngokuchanekileyoukusasaza imithwalo ngokulinganayo

• Sebenzisa izixhobo zentsimbi engagqwali ezifanayoukuphepha ukugqwala kwe-galvanic

• Sebenzisa iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ukugqwalaukuze ihlale ixesha elide

• Coca iintambo ezivezwe ngaphandlerhoqo ngezisombululo ezithambileyo zokugcina umphezulu ugqityiwe

• Yenza uhlolo lomthwalo rhoqo kunye noxinzelelo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi abasebenzisa izithuthi

Iinkqubo zeentambo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo eziyilwe kakuhle nezigcinwe kakuhle ziyakwazikudlule iminyaka eli-100 yobomi benkonzongokuncipha okuncinci.

9 Isiphelo

Njengoko iimfuno zokufudukela ezidolophini kunye neziseko zophuhliso zisanda, nesidingoizixhobo ezinokuthenjwa, ezingadingi kulungiswa kakhulukwinjineli yolwakhiwo.Intambo yentsimbi engenasiciibaluleke kakhulu kwixesha lanamhlanjeuyilo lwebhulorho yokuxhoma, enika amandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukunyamezela ukudinwa, kunye nobuhle bokubona.

Nokuba wakha indlela yabahambi ngeenyawo okanye ibhulorho enkulu yedolophu,intambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo evela kwi-sakysteelinika ixabiso elingenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nokhuseleko oluhlala ixesha elide.