Insimbi Engagqwali Kawoyela Negesi: Ukukhethwa Komkhiqizo Webha, Amapayipi Nezintambo

Isingeniso

Insimbi engagqwali kawoyela negesiikhethelwe amapayipi, amavalvu, amaphampu, izibambo, izikrini, iziphethu, imigqa yokulawula, imikhiqizo yocingo, amapayipi ezinsimbi, amathuluzi okudonsa phansi, izakhiwo zasogwini kanye nemishini yokucubungula lapho kudingeka khona ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla, ikhono lokucindezela kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo. Izinhlobo zomkhiqizo ezivamile zifaka phakathi ibha yensimbi engagqwali, ipayipi, ipayipi, ucingo, intambo yocingo, ipuleti, i-flange, ukulingana kanye nezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini ngokwezifiso.

Ekukhetheni izinto zikawoyela negesi, abathengi kufanele bakhethe insimbi engagqwali ngokwendawo esetshenziswayo, izinga le-chloride, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ingozi yesevisi emuncu, ukuchayeka emanzini olwandle, isidingo sokushisela, amandla omshini, imvume yokugqwala, isidingo sokuhlola kanye nephakheji yesitifiketi. I-304/304L ingasetshenziswa imishini ejwayelekile yokugqwala okuphansi, i-316/316L isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zasolwandle kanye nezinqubo, i-321/347 ikhethwa ngensizakalo yokushisa okuphezulu, kanti ama-duplex noma ama-super duplex grades afana ne-2205, 2507 kanye ne-S32760 ayathandwa lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kwamandla kanye ne-chloride kubalulekile khona.

Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Kwensimbi Engagqwali Kuwoyela Negesi

Amaphrojekthi kawoyela negesi afaka phakathi ukumba okungaphezulu komfula, amapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle, imishini yangaphansi kolwandle, amapayipi, ukucwenga, ukucutshungulwa kwe-petrochemical, izinhlelo ze-LNG, amathangi okugcina kanye nemishini yokusiza. Isicelo ngasinye sinezidingo ezahlukene zokugqwala, ingcindezi kanye nemishini.

Isimo Sesicelo	Ifomu Lomkhiqizo Ovamile	Isidingo Sezinto Ezibalulekile
Amapulatifomu Angaphandle Kwaselwandle	Ipayipi, ipayipi, ibha, ipuleti, i-flange, i-fitting kanye nentambo yocingo	Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle, amandla, ukushibilika kanye nokulandelela.
Imishini Yangaphansi Kolwandle	Ipayipi le-Duplex, ibha ye-super duplex, izinto zokufaka, izikhonkwane kanye nezingxenye ezifakwe umshini	Ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-chloride, ikhono lokucindezela kanye nokulawulwa kwe-NDT.
Amavalvu namaphampu	Ibha eyindilinga, ibha eyakhiwe, umgodi, ipuleti kanye nezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini ezenziwe ngokwezifiso	Amandla, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nekhwalithi yobuso.
Ipayipi Lenqubo	Ipayipi elingenamthungo, ipayipi elihlanganisiwe, ipayipi, i-flange kanye nokulingana	Isilinganiso sokucindezela, ukumelana nokugqwala, ikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nemibiko yokuhlola.
Izikrini kanye nokuhlunga	Ucingo lwensimbi engagqwali, i-mesh, ucingo lwe-wedge kanye nemikhiqizo enezimbobo	Ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla entambo, ukulawula ukuvuleka kanye nendawo ehlanzekile.
Izintambo Zokulawula Nezinsimbi	Ishubhu eliqondile, ishubhu le-capillary kanye neshubhu eligoqiwe	Ukunemba kobukhulu, ukuhlanzeka, ukumelana nengcindezi kanye nekhwalithi yekhoyili.

Izinzuzo Zezinto Ezibalulekile Zensimbi Engagqwali Kuwoyela Negesi

Insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa ku-oyili negesi ngoba inikeza ibhalansi ewusizo yokumelana nokugqwala, amandla omshini, ikhono lokushisa, ukusebenza kokukhiqiza kanye nokutholakala komkhiqizo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwali inganciphisa ukuncika ekugugeni futhi ithuthukise impilo yesevisi ezindaweni ezigqwali.

•Ukumelana nokugqwala:ifanelekela izindawo ze-chloride, amanzi olwandle, ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye nezindawo zokucwenga lapho kukhethwa izinga elifanele.

•Izinketho zamandla aphezulu:Amabanga e-duplex kanye ne-super duplex anikeza amandla aphezulu kunezinsimbi ezivamile ze-austenitic stainless.

•Ukwenziwa okuhle:izinsimbi eziningi ezingagqwali zingashintshwa, zakheke, zenziwe ngomshini futhi zenziwe ngamapayipi nemishini.

•Ukutholakala komkhiqizo:ibha, ipayipi, ithubhu, ucingo, ipuleti, i-flange kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlanganisa itholakala kabanzi ngamamaki avamile.

•Indawo ehlanzekile:insimbi engagqwali ifanelekela imishini yokucubungula, izinsimbi, izihlungi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula.

•Impilo yenkonzo ende:Ukukhetha ibanga elifanele kunganciphisa izindleko zokuvala, ukufaka esikhundleni kanye nokulungisa.

Amabanga Ensimbi Engagqwali Anconyiwe Kawoyela Negesi

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zikawoyela negesi akufanele kuncike ebangeni elilodwa elijwayelekile. Ibanga elifanele lincike ezingeni le-chloride, izinga lokushisa, isevisi emuncu, ingcindezi, ukushisela, amandla kanye nezidingo zezindleko.

Ibanga	Amafomu Omkhiqizo Ovamile	Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela negesi	Inothi Lokukhetha
304 / 304L	Ipayipi, ipayipi, ibha, ucingo, ipuleti kanye nezinto zokufaka	Imishini ejwayelekile, izisekelo, izinhlelo zesevisi ezingenzima kanye nezisizayo	Akufanelekile ukuchayeka kakhulu ku-chloride noma emanzini ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa.
316 / 316L	Ipayipi, ipayipi, ibha, ucingo, ipuleti, ama-flange kanye nezinto zokufaka	Imishini yasemanzini, amapayipi okucubungula, amathuluzi kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela zasogwini	Ukumelana ne-chloride okungcono kuno-304; kusadinga ukubuyekezwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi iyasebenza kangakanani.
321/347	Ipayipi, ithubhu, ipuleti, ibha kanye nezinhlangano ezihlanganisiwe	Imishini yokuhlanza eshisa kakhulu kanye nemishini ye-petrochemical	Amabanga azinzile esevisi yokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezimo zokushisela.
904L	Ipayipi, ipuleti, ibha, i-flange kanye nezinto zokufaka	Imishini yenqubo equkethe i-asidi ne-chloride	Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kune-316L ezindaweni eziningi ezine-asidi.
I-Duplex engu-2205	Ipayipi, ipayipi, ipuleti, ibha, ama-flange kanye nezinto zokufaka	Amapayipi angaphandle kolwandle, izinhlelo zokucindezela, izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nensizakalo ye-chloride	Ibhalansi enhle yamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezindleko.
2507 Super Duplex	Ipayipi, ibha, ipuleti, ama-flange, izinto zokufaka kanye nezinamathiselo	Insizakalo yolwandle olungaphansi komhlaba, amanzi olwandle, ogwini lolwandle, i-chloride ephezulu kanye nokugqwala okukhulu	Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kanye namandla kuno-2205.
Uhlobo lwe-S32760 / Zeron 100	Ibha, ipayipi, ipuleti, i-flange, izingxenye zokufaka kanye nezomshini	Izingxenye ezinzima ezingasogwini lolwandle, ezingaphansi kolwandle, emanzini olwandle kanye nezingxenye ezinamandla kakhulu ezingamelani nokugqwala	Kusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukumelana okuphezulu kwemigodi kanye namandla aphezulu.

Ukukhethwa Kwebha Yensimbi Engagqwali Kawoyela Negesi

Ibha yensimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-shaft, iziqu zama-valve, izingxenye zephampu, izibambo, ama-stud, amantongomane, ama-coupling, izixhumi, amathuluzi okudonsa phansi kanye nezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini. Ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela negesi, ukukhetha ibha kufanele kucabangele amandla, ukunemba, ukubekezelelana, ikhwalithi yendawo, ukuqina kwangaphakathi kanye nokulandelela isitifiketi.

Isicelo sebha	Isiqondiso Sebanga Esinconyiwe	Isheke Lomthengi
Iziqu zeValve kanye neMigodi	316L, 17-4PH, 2205, 2507 noma izinga elichazwe yiphrojekthi	Amandla, ukuqondile, ukuqeda ubuso, ubulukhuni kanye nesibonelelo somshini.
Izibambo kanye nama-Studs	Amagreyidi angu-316, 316L, 660, amagreyidi e-duplex noma amagreyidi e-super duplex	Amandla okunamathela, ikhwalithi yentambo, ukubuyekezwa kwensizakalo ye-NACE/sour kanye nokulandeleka.
Izingxenye zePump kanye neCompressor	Amagreyidi ensimbi angagqwali angu-316L, 2205, 2507, 904L noma aqinile kakhulu	Ukukwazi ukusebenza kahle, ukumelana nokugqwala, ibhalansi, amaphutha e-UT kanye nobuso.
Izingxenye Zokudonsela Ngaphansi kanye Nezamathuluzi	I-Duplex, i-super duplex noma i-alloy engagqwali eqondene nephrojekthi	Amandla, ukuqina, indawo yokugqwala kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola.

Ukukhethwa Kwepayipi Nepayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali

Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali kanye nepayipi kusetshenziswa kumapayipi enqubo, amapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle, amayunithi okuhlanza, ama-heat exchanger, izinsimbi, izinhlelo ze-hydraulic, imigqa yokulawula kanye nezinhlelo zokujova ngamakhemikhali. Abathengi kufanele bachaze ukuthi bayayidinga yini ipayipi yemigqa yokucindezela, ipayipi elinembile lezinsimbi, noma ipayipi elihlanganisiwe lenkonzo yokwakha kanye neyokuvamile.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwepayipi/Ipayipi	Ibanga Elijwayelekile	Ukuhlolwa Kwemininingwane
Ipayipi Lenqubo	316L, 321, 347, 904L, 2205, 2507	I-ASTM A312, imfuneko ye-ASME, ishejuli, ingcindezi, i-NDT kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic.
Ishubhu Yokusebenzisa Izinsimbi	316L, 2205 noma izinga elichazwe yiphrojekthi	I-ASTM A269/A213, OD, udonga, ukubekezelelana, ukuhlanzeka kanye nesilinganiso sokucindezela.
Amapayipi Amanzi Olwandle Angaphandle Kwasolwandle	2205, 2507, S32760 noma amanye amamaki e-super duplex	I-PREN, ukuvezwa kwe-chloride, ukushisela, ibhalansi ye-ferrite, i-NDT kanye ne-PMI.
Ishubhu Lokushintshanisa Ukushisa	I-316L, 2205, 904L noma i-alloy ethile yephrojekthi	I-OD, udonga, ubude, ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-eddy, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kanye nokuhlanzeka kobuso.

Ukukhethwa Kwentambo Yensimbi Engagqwali Nezintambo

Imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali, intambo yocingo kanye ne-mesh isetshenziswa ezikrinini, ezihlungini, ezintanjeni zokuphepha, ezesekeli zokuphakamisa, izinto zasolwandle, eziphethwini, ezintanjeni zokubopha, ezintanjeni zokulawula kanye nasezinhlelweni zokuhlunga imigodi ephansi. Imikhiqizo yentambo idinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kobubanzi, amandla okunamathela, ukwakhiwa, isimo sobuso kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Umkhiqizo Wezintambo	Ibanga Elijwayelekile	Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela negesi
Intambo Yensimbi Engagqwali	304, 316, 316L, amamaki amabili	Izipilingi, i-mesh, izihlungi, ukubopha, izikrini kanye nezingxenye ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Intambo Yensimbi Engagqwali	304, 316, 316L	Izintambo zasolwandle, izintambo zokuphepha, izintambo zokuphakamisa, zokulawula kanye nehadiwe yolwandle.
Ucingo lwe-Wedge / Ucingo lwesikrini	316L, 2205, 2507 noma izinga elichazwe yiphrojekthi	Ukulawula isihlabathi, ukuhlunga, izikrini zemithombo kanye nemishini yokuhlukanisa.
Ucingo Lwentwasahlobo	302, 304, 316, 17-7PH noma izinga elingagqwali elenziwe ngokwezifiso	Amavalvu, izivalo, amathuluzi, izixhumi kanye nezinhlangano zemishini.

Imikhawulo kanye Nezingozi Zokukhetha Izinto

Insimbi engagqwali ayifaneleki ngokuzenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izindawo zikawoyela negesi. Ukukhetha ibanga okungalungile kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwemigodi, ukugqwala kwemifantu, ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka, ukwehluleka kwenkonzo emuncu, ukugqwala kokushisela noma ukuvuza kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Abathengi kufanele babuyekeze izimo zangempela zesevisi ngaphambi kokufaka izinto esikhundleni sazo.

• I-304/304L ingase ingafaneleki ezindaweni ezine-chloride ephezulu noma uwoyela negesi zasolwandle.

• I-316L ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala kodwa ingase inciphe emanzini olwandle aqinile noma isevisi ye-chloride eshisa kakhulu.

• Izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-Duplex kanye ne-super duplex zidinga ukulawulwa okufanele kokushisela kanye nebhalansi ye-ferrite/austenite.

• Isevisi emuncu ingadinga ukubuyekezwa kwe-NACE, imikhawulo yobunzima kanye neziqu ezithile zephrojekthi.

• Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lingashintsha izinga elithandwayo kanye nesidingo sokushisela.

• Ukushintshaniswa kwebanga akufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kwemvume yobunjiniyela kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesitifiketi okugcwele.

Amazinga, Izitifiketi kanye Nokuhlolwa

Ama-oda ensimbi engagqwali kawoyela negesi ngokuvamile adinga amadokhumenti aqinile kanye nokulawulwa kokuhlolwa. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise izinga, uhlobo lwesitifiketi kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda.

Idokhumenti / Ukuhlolwa	Lokho Okukuqinisekisayo	Isikhathi Sokucela
I-EN 10204 3.1 MTC	Ibanga, inombolo yokushisa, ikhemistri, izakhiwo zemishini, okujwayelekile kanye nokulandeleka	Kunconywa kakhulu kuma-oda amaningi ensimbi engagqwali kawoyela negesi.
Umbiko we-PMI	Ukuhlonza izinto ezinhle kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-alloy	Iwusizo ekuthunyelweni okuxubile, amamaki amabili kanye namaphrojekthi abalulekile.
UT / Eddy Current / RT / PT	Ikhwalithi yangaphakathi noma engaphezulu kuye ngesimo somkhiqizo	Cela ngokwemfuneko yepayipi, ipayipi, ibha, ukushisela noma iphrojekthi.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi	Ubuqotho bokucindezela kwepayipi noma ipayipi	Kuyadingeka kuma-oda amaningi okufaka amapayipi okucindezela kanye namapayipi.
Isibuyekezo se-NACE / Sour Service	Ukuqina, isimo sezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokufaneleka ezindaweni ezimuncu	Cela uma kukhona isevisi ye-H2S noma ye-sour.
Ukuhlolwa Kweqembu Lesithathu	Ukuqinisekiswa okuzimele kwemibhalo, ubukhulu, ukumaka, ukupakisha kanye nokuhlola	Iwusizo kumaphrojekthi kawoyela negesi anenani eliphezulu.

Indlela Yokuchaza Insimbi Engagqwali Kawoyela Negesi

I-RFQ ephelele kufanele ifake kokubili izidingo zezinto kanye nezimo zesevisi. Lokhu kuvumela umhlinzeki ukuthi ancome imikhiqizo efanelekile yebha, ipayipi, ishubhu noma ucingo.

✅ Ifomu lomkhiqizo: ibha, induku, ipayipi, ithubhu, ucingo, intambo yocingo, ipuleti, iflange, ingxenye yokufakwa noma efakwe ngomshini.

✅ Ibanga: 304L, 316L, 321, 347, 904L, 2205, 2507, S32760 noma ibanga elichazwe yiphrojekthi.

✅ Okujwayelekile: ASTM, ASME, EN, NACE, umdwebo wamakhasimende noma imininingwane yephrojekthi.

✅ Usayizi: OD, ubukhulu bodonga, ishejuli, ububanzi, ububanzi, ubukhulu, ububanzi bentambo, ubude noma ubukhulu bomdwebo.

✅ Isimo sesevisi: amanzi olwandle, i-chloride, isevisi emuncu, umfutho ophezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, indawo yokuhluza, ukusetshenziswa ogwini noma ngaphansi kolwandle.

✅ Ukuhlolwa: I-PMI, i-UT, i-PT, i-RT, i-eddy current, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, ubulukhuni, ukuthambekela, ukuhlolwa komthelela noma ukugqwala.

✅ Isitifiketi: EN 10204 3.1, 3.2, isitatimende sokuthobela imithetho se-NACE, ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu noma incwadi yedatha yephrojekthi.

✅ Ukupakisha: ibhokisi lokhuni, inqwaba, izivalo zokugcina, ukupakisha okufanele ulwandle, amalebula ezinombolo zokushisa kanye nezimpawu zokuthumela ngaphandle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyiphi insimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa ku-oyili negesi?

Izinsimbi ezivamile zensimbi engagqwali zikawoyela negesi zifaka phakathi i-304L, i-316L, i-321, i-347, i-904L, i-2205 duplex, i-2507 super duplex kanye ne-S32760. Izinga elifanele lincike endaweni yokugqwala, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, amandla kanye nezidingo zesevisi emuncu.

Ingabe insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ifanelekela uwoyela negesi?

Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L isetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini yenqubo kawoyela negesi, izinhlelo zasolwandle, amapayipi ezinsimbi kanye namapayipi ajwayelekile angagqwali. Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziqinile ze-chloride, amanzi olwandle noma izindawo zesevisi emuncu zingadinga izinto ezimbili, ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-alloy.

Kufanele kusetshenziswe nini insimbi engagqwali ye-duplex?

Insimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili njenge-2205 kufanele icatshangelwe lapho abathengi bedinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride okungcono kune-316L. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi asogwini, izinhlelo zokucindezela, izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nemishini yenqubo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kuka-2205 no-2507 ku-oyela negesi?

Insimbi engagqwali ye-duplex engu-2205 inikeza ibhalansi enhle yamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezindleko. I-2507 super duplex inikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okungcono kokugqwala kwemigodi kanye nokugqwala ezindaweni ezibucayi ze-chloride, amanzi olwandle kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kolwandle.

Yimiphi imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi kawoyela negesi?

Imikhiqizo evamile ifaka phakathi ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali, ithubhu, ibha eyindilinga, ibha eyakhiwe, ucingo, intambo yocingo, ipuleti, i-flange, ukulingana, i-fastener, ingxenye yevalvu, umgodi wephampu, ucingo lwesikrini kanye nezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini ngokwezifiso.

Ingabe izinto zensimbi engagqwali zikawoyela negesi zidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kunconywa kakhulu kuma-oda abalulekile kawoyela negesi, ikakhulukazi ukuthunyelwa okuxubile, ama-duplex grades, ama-super duplex grades, ama-fittings, ama-flanges, imigoqo kanye nezingxenye zokucindezela. Kusiza ukuvimbela ukuxubana kwezinto futhi kusekela ukulandeleka.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele anikezwe ngensimbi engagqwali kawoyela negesi?

Imibhalo ejwayelekile ifaka i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, inombolo yokushisa, umbiko we-PMI, umbiko wobukhulu, umbiko we-NDT, umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, uhlu lokupakisha kanye nombiko wokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu uma kudingeka.

Imikhiqizo Yensimbi Engagqwali Ehlobene

Umkhiqizo Ohlobene	Ukusetshenziswa Kokuthengwa Kwempahla
Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali	Amapayipi emigqa yenqubo kawoyela negesi, amapayipi asogwini lolwandle, izinhlelo zokucwenga kanye nemishini yokucindezela.
Ibha Eyindilinga Yensimbi Engagqwali	Ibha eyindilinga yeziqu zamavalvu, imiphini, izikhonkwane, izingxenye zephampu kanye nezingxenye zikawoyela negesi ezifakwe ngomshini.
Intambo Yensimbi Engagqwali	Ucingo lwe-mesh, izihlungi, iziphethu, ukubopha, izikrini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni okumelana nokugqwala.
Intambo Yensimbi Engagqwali	Intambo yocingo yezintambo zasolwandle, izintambo zokuphepha, izintambo zokuphakamisa, zokulawula kanye nehadiwe yolwandle.
Insimbi Engagqwali Ephindwe Kabili	Izinto ze-Duplex kanye ne-super duplex zesevisi yokugqwala engaphandle kolwandle, ngaphansi kolwandle, emanzini olwandle kanye namandla aphezulu.
Umhlahlandlela Wezinto Zensimbi Engagqwali Yasolwandle	Umhlahlandlela wokuqhathanisa i-316L, 2205 kanye ne-904L yezindawo zasolwandle neziqukethe i-chloride.

Isiphetho

Insimbi engagqwali kawoyela negesi ihlanganisa ibha, ipayipi, ithubhu, ucingo, intambo yocingo, ipuleti, iflange, izingxenye zokufaka kanye nezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisetshenziswa ogwini lolwandle, ngaphansi kolwandle, embonini yokuhluza, i-petrochemical, izinhlelo zasolwandle kanye nezinhlelo zokucindezela okuphezulu. I-316L iyindawo evamile yokuqala yesevisi engagqwali, kuyilapho i-2205 duplex, i-2507 super duplex kanye ne-S32760 zithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nezindawo eziqinile ze-chloride.

Ukuze kuthengwe ngendlela ethembekile, abathengi kufanele bacacise ibanga, uhlobo lomkhiqizo, indinganiso, usayizi, ingcindezi noma isidingo samandla, indawo yesevisi, ukuhlolwa, uhlobo lwesitifiketi kanye nendlela yokupakisha. Ukukhetha insimbi engagqwali ngendlela efanele kunganciphisa ingozi yokugqwala, kuthuthukise impilo yemishini futhi kusekele ukusebenza okuphephile kukawoyela negesi.