Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo Yeoyile Negesi: Ukukhethwa Kwemveliso Yebha, Ipayipi Neentambo

Intshayelelo

Intsimbi engenasici yeoyile negesiikhethelwe imibhobho, iivalvu, iimpompo, izibophelelo, izikrini, izipringi, imigca yokulawula, iimveliso zocingo, iityhubhu zezixhobo, izixhobo zomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba, izakhiwo zaselwandle kunye nezixhobo zokucubungula apho kufuneka khona ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla, amandla oxinzelelo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Iintlobo zemveliso eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-stainless steel bar, ipayipi, ityhubhu, ucingo, intambo yocingo, ipleyiti, iflange, ukufakelwa kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Xa kukhethwa izinto zeoyile negesi, abathengi kufuneka bakhethe intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokwendawo esetyenziswa kuyo, inqanaba le-chloride, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, umngcipheko wenkonzo emuncu, ukuvezwa kwamanzi olwandle, imfuneko yokuwelda, amandla oomatshini, imvume yokugqwala, imfuneko yovavanyo kunye nephakheji yesatifikethi. I-304/304L ingasetyenziselwa izixhobo eziphantsi kokugqwala, i-316/316L isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zaselwandle nakwiindawo zenkqubo, i-321/347 ikhethwa kwinkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ii-duplex okanye ii-super duplex grades ezifana ne-2205, 2507 kunye ne-S32760 zikhethwa apho amandla kunye nokuxhathisa ukugqwala kwe-chloride kubalulekile.

Imizekelo yesicelo seNtsimbi engagqwaliyo kwiOyile neGesi

Iiprojekthi zeoyile negesi ziquka ukugrumba okusentla, amaqonga aselunxwemeni, izixhobo zamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, imibhobho, ukucocwa, ukucutshungulwa kwepetrochemical, iinkqubo ze-LNG, iitanki zokugcina kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo. Isicelo ngasinye sineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokugrumba, uxinzelelo kunye noomatshini.

Imeko yesicelo	Ifomu yeMveliso eqhelekileyo	Imfuneko yeZinto eziPhambili
Amaqonga aselunxwemeni	Umbhobho, ityhubhu, ibha, ipleyiti, iflange, i-fitting kunye nentambo yocingo	Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle, amandla, ukudityaniswa kunye nokulandeleka.
Izixhobo zangaphantsi kolwandle	Umbhobho weDuplex, i-super duplex bar, izixhobo, izibophelelo kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ngomatshini	Ukumelana ne-chloride ephezulu, amandla oxinzelelo kunye nolawulo lwe-NDT.
Iivalvu kunye neeMpompo	Ibha ejikelezileyo, ibha eyenziweyo, umngxuma, ipleyiti kunye neendawo ezenziwe ngomatshini ezenziwe ngokwezifiso	Amandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemishini, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nomgangatho womphezulu.
Iipayipi zeNkqubo	Umbhobho ongenamthungo, umbhobho odibeneyo, ityhubhu, iflange kunye nokulingana	Uvavanyo loxinzelelo, ukumelana nokugqwala, umgangatho wokuwelda kunye neengxelo zovavanyo.
Izikrini kunye nokuHlunga	Ucingo lwentsimbi engenasici, i-mesh, ucingo lwe-wedge kunye neemveliso ezineembobo	Ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla eentambo, ulawulo lwemingxuma kunye nomphezulu ococekileyo.
Izixhobo kunye neMigca yoLawulo	Ityhubhu echanekileyo, ityhubhu ye-capillary kunye netyhubhu ejijekileyo	Ukuchaneka kobukhulu, ucoceko, ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nomgangatho wekhoyili.

Iingenelo zezinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwioyile negesi

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo isetyenziswa kwioyile nakwigesi kuba inika ibhalansi eluncedo yokumelana nokugqwala, amandla oomatshini, amandla obushushu, ukusebenza kokwenziwa kunye nokufumaneka kwemveliso. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi engagqwaliyo inokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kokugquma kwaye iphucule ubomi benkonzo kwiindawo ezigqwaliyo.

•Ukumelana nokugqwala:ifanelekile kwiindawo zekloridi, amanzi olwandle, ukucubungula iikhemikhali kunye neendawo zokuhluza xa kukhethwe uhlobo oluchanekileyo.

•Iinketho ezinamandla aphezulu:Ii-duplex kunye nee-super duplex grades zinika amandla aphezulu kuneentsimbi eziqhelekileyo ze-austenitic stainless steels.

•Ukwenziwa okuhle:iintsimbi ezininzi ezingenasici zinokudityaniswa, zenziwe, zenziwe ngomatshini kwaye zenziwe zibe yimibhobho nezixhobo.

•Ukufumaneka kwemveliso:ibha, ipayipi, ityhubhu, ucingo, ipleyiti, iflange kunye neemveliso zokudibanisa zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezifanayo.

•Umphezulu ococekileyo:intsimbi engatyiwayo ifanelekile kwizixhobo zenkqubo, izixhobo, izihluzi kunye neenkqubo zolawulo.

•Ubomi benkonzo ende:Ukukhetha amanqaku ngendlela echanekileyo kunokunciphisa iindleko zokuvala, zokutshintsha kunye nezokulungisa.

IiNqanaba zeNsimbi engagqwaliyo ezicetyiswayo kwiOyile neGesi

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zeoyile negesi akufuneki kuxhomekeke kudidi olunye oluqhelekileyo. Udidi oluchanekileyo luxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-chloride, ubushushu, inkonzo emuncu, uxinzelelo, ukuwelda, amandla kunye neemfuno zeendleko.

Ibanga	Iifom zeMveliso eziqhelekileyo	Ukusetyenziswa kweoyile negesi	Inqaku Lokukhetha
304 / 304L	Umbhobho, ityhubhu, ibha, ucingo, ipleyiti kunye nezixhobo	Izixhobo ngokubanzi, inkxaso, iinkonzo ezingabalulekanga kakhulu kunye neenkqubo ezincedisayo	Ayilungelanga ukuba i-chloride eninzi okanye ulwandle ibonakale ngaphandle kokuhlolwa.
316 / 316L	Umbhobho, ityhubhu, ibha, ucingo, ipleyiti, iiflange kunye nezixhobo	Izixhobo zaselwandle, imibhobho yenkqubo, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso zaselwandle	Ukumelana ne-chloride okungcono kune-304; kusafuneka kuhlolwe ukuba iyasebenza na.
321/347	Umbhobho, ityhubhu, ipleyiti, ibha kunye neendibano ezidityanisiweyo	Izixhobo zokucoca ezishushu kakhulu kunye nezixhobo zepetrochemical	Amanqanaba azinzileyo eenkonzo zobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zokuwelda.
904L	Umbhobho, ipleyiti, ibha, iflange kunye nezixhobo	Izixhobo zenkqubo eziqulethe i-asidi kunye ne-chloride	Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kune-316L kwiindawo ezininzi ezine-asidi.
I-Duplex engama-2205	Umbhobho, ityhubhu, ipleyiti, ibha, iiflanges kunye nezixhobo	Iipayipi zaselwandle, iinkqubo zoxinzelelo, iindawo zesakhiwo kunye nenkonzo yekloride	Ulungelelwano oluhle lwamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye neendleko.
2507 Super Duplex	Ipayipi, i-bar, ipleyiti, ii-flanges, izixhobo kunye nezibophelelo	Inkonzo yolwandle olungaphantsi komhlaba, amanzi olwandle, ulwandle olukude, i-chloride ephezulu kunye nokugqwala okukhulu	Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kunye namandla kune-2205.
Uhlobo lwe-S32760 / Zeron 100	Ibha, umbhobho, ipleyiti, iflange, izixhobo zokufakela kunye nezomatshini	Iindawo ezinzima zaselunxwemeni, ezingaphantsi kolwandle, ezimanzi olwandle kunye neendawo ezinamandla okugqwala	Isetyenziswa apho kufuneka khona ukumelana nemingxuma ephezulu kunye namandla aphezulu.

Ukukhethwa kweBar yeNtsimbi engaGciniyo yeOyile neGesi

Ibha yentsimbi engagqwaliyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiishafti, iziqu zevalvu, iindawo zepompo, izibophelelo, izikhonkwane, amantongomane, izihlanganisi, izixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ngomatshini. Ukusetyenziswa kweoyile negesi, ukhetho lweebha kufuneka luqwalasele amandla, ukuthe tye, ukunyamezela, umgangatho womphezulu, isandi sangaphakathi kunye nokulandeleka kwesatifikethi.

Isicelo seBhari	Isikhokelo seBanga esicetyiswayo	Ukujonga Umthengi
Iziqu zeValve kunye neeShafts	I-316L, 17-4PH, 2205, 2507 okanye ibakala elichazwe kwiprojekthi	Amandla, ukuthe tye, ukugqitywa komphezulu, ubulukhuni kunye nesibonelelo somatshini.
Izibophelelo kunye neeStuds	Iigreyidi ezingama-316, 316L, 660, ezimbini okanye ezimbini ze-duplex	Amandla okutsalwa, umgangatho wentambo, uphononongo lwenkonzo ye-NACE/sour kunye nokulandeleka kwayo.
Iinxalenye zePump kunye neCompressor	I-316L, 2205, 2507, 904L okanye amanqanaba angenasici anamandla aphezulu	Ukukwazi ukusebenza kakuhle, ukumelana nokugqwala, ibhalansi, iziphene ze-UT kunye nomphezulu.
Izixhobo zeDownhole kunye neTooling	I-Duplex, i-super duplex okanye i-alloy engagqwali ethile yeprojekthi	Amandla, ukuqina, imeko yokugqwala kunye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa.

Ukukhethwa kwePipe yeNtsimbi engaGciniyo kunye neThubhu

Imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neetyhubhu zisetyenziswa kwiipayipi zenkqubo, kumaqonga aselunxwemeni, kwiiyunithi zokucoca, kwii-heat exchangers, kwizixhobo, kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic, kwiintambo zolawulo nakwiinkqubo zokujova iikhemikhali. Abathengi kufuneka bachaze ukuba bayayifuna na imibhobho yemigca yoxinzelelo, ityhubhu echanekileyo yezixhobo, okanye ityhubhu edibeneyo yenkonzo yokwakha kunye neyonke.

Ukusetyenziswa kwePipe/Tube	Ibanga Eliqhelekileyo	Ukuhlolwa kweenkcukacha
Iipayipi zeNkqubo	316L, 321, 347, 904L, 2205, 2507	I-ASTM A312, imfuneko ye-ASME, ishedyuli, uxinzelelo, uvavanyo lwe-NDT kunye ne-hydrostatic.
Ityhubhu yezixhobo	I-316L, i-2205 okanye ibakala elichazwe kwiprojekthi	I-ASTM A269/A213, OD, udonga, ukunyamezelana, ucoceko kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo.
Imibhobho Yamanzi Olwandle Angaphandle	2205, 2507, S32760 okanye ezinye iiklasi ze-super duplex	I-PREN, ukuvezwa kwe-chloride, ukuwelda, ibhalansi ye-ferrite, i-NDT kunye ne-PMI.
Umbhobho wokutshintsha ubushushu	I-316L, 2205, 904L okanye i-alloy ethile yeprojekthi	I-OD, udonga, ubude, uvavanyo lwamandla e-eddy, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic kunye nokucoceka komphezulu.

Ukukhethwa kwentambo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nentambo yocingo

Iimveliso zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, intambo yocingo kunye ne-mesh zisetyenziswa kwizikrini, kwiifilitha, kwiintambo zokhuseleko, kwizinto zokuphakamisa, kwizixhobo zaselwandle, kwizipringi, kwiintambo zokubopha, kwiintambo zokulawula nakwiinkqubo zokucoca ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Iimveliso zentambo zifuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lobubanzi, amandla okutsalwa, ulwakhiwo, imeko yomphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Imveliso yocingo	Ibanga eliqhelekileyo	Ukusetyenziswa kweoyile negesi
Ucingo lweSinyithi esingenasici	304, 316, 316L, amanqanaba e-duplex	Izipilingi, i-mesh, izihluzi, ukubopha, izikrini kunye neendawo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Intambo yocingo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo	304, 316, 316L	Iintambo zolwandle, imigca yokhuseleko, iintambo zokuphakamisa, zokulawula kunye nezixhobo zaselwandle.
Ucingo lweWedge / Ucingo lweScreen	I-316L, 2205, 2507 okanye ibakala elichazwe kwiprojekthi	Ulawulo lwesanti, ukucoca, izikrini zemithombo kunye nezixhobo zokwahlula.
Ucingo lweSpring	302, 304, 316, 17-7PH okanye i-stainless grade eyenziwe ngokwezifiso	Iivalvu, izitywino, izixhobo, izihlanganisi kunye neendibano zoomatshini.

Imida kunye neengozi zokukhetha izinto

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ayifanelekanga ngokuzenzekelayo kuyo yonke indawo yeoyile negesi. Ukukhetha umgangatho ongalunganga kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwemigodi, ukubola kwemingxuma, ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkonzo emuncu, ukubola kwe-weld okanye ukuvuza kwangaphambi kwexesha. Abathengi kufuneka bahlole iimeko zenkonzo yokwenyani ngaphambi kokuba batshintshe izinto.

• I-304/304L isenokungafaneleki kwiindawo ezine-chloride eninzi okanye ioyile yaselwandle kunye negesi.

• I-316L iphucule ukumelana nokugqwala kodwa isenokuba incinci xa amanzi olwandle enzima okanye inkonzo ye-chloride eshushu kakhulu.

• Iintsimbi ezingenasici ze-Duplex kunye ne-super duplex zifuna ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-welding kunye ne-ferrite/austenite balance.

• Inkonzo emuncu ingafuna uphononongo lwe-NACE, imida yobunzima kunye neziqinisekiso ezithile zeprojekthi.

• Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokutshintsha umgangatho okhethwayo kunye neemfuno zokuwelda.

• Ukutshintshwa kwamabakala akufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kwemvume yobunjineli kunye nokuhlolwa kwesatifikethi esipheleleyo.

Imigangatho, Iziqinisekiso kunye noHlolo

Iiodolo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo yeoyile negesi zihlala zifuna amaxwebhu aqinileyo kunye nolawulo lokuhlolwa. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise umgangatho, uhlobo lwesatifikethi kunye nobubanzi bovavanyo ngaphambi kokuba bafake iodolo.

Uxwebhu / Uvavanyo	Oko Kuqinisekisayo	Ixesha Lokucela
I-EN 10204 3.1 MTC	Udidi, inombolo yobushushu, ikhemistri, iipropati zoomatshini, umgangatho kunye nokulandeleka	Icetyiswa kwiiodolo ezininzi zentsimbi engagqwali yeoyile negesi.
Ingxelo ye-PMI	Ukuchonga izinto ezilungileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-alloy	Iluncedo kwiimpahla ezixutyiweyo, iiklasi ezimbini kunye neeprojekthi ezibalulekileyo.
UT / Eddy Current / RT / PT	Umgangatho wangaphakathi okanye womphezulu kuxhomekeke kwimo yemveliso	Cela ngokweemfuno zombhobho, ityhubhu, ibha, ukuwelda okanye iprojekthi.
Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic	Ukunyaniseka koxinzelelo lombhobho okanye ityhubhu	Iyimfuneko kwiiodolo ezininzi zoxinzelelo lwemibhobho kunye neetyhubhu.
Uphononongo lweNkonzo ye-NACE / Sour	Ukuqina, imeko yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokufaneleka kwiindawo ezimuncu	Cela xa kukho inkonzo ye-H2S okanye ye-sour.
Uhlolo lweQela lesithathu	Ukuqinisekiswa okuzimeleyo kwamaxwebhu, ubukhulu, ukumakisha, ukupakisha kunye nokuvavanya	Iluncedo kwiiprojekthi zeoyile negesi ezixabisa kakhulu.

Indlela yokuchaza intsimbi engagqwaliyo kwioyile negesi

I-RFQ epheleleyo kufuneka iquke zombini iimfuno zezinto kunye neemeko zenkonzo. Oku kuvumela umthengisi ukuba acebise iimveliso ezifanelekileyo zebha, ipayipi, ityhubhu okanye ucingo.

✅ Uhlobo lwemveliso: ibha, intonga, umbhobho, ityhubhu, ucingo, intambo yocingo, ipleyiti, iflange, indawo yokufakela okanye eyomatshini.

✅ Udidi: 304L, 316L, 321, 347, 904L, 2205, 2507, S32760 okanye udidi oluchazwe kwiprojekthi.

✅ Umgangatho: ASTM, ASME, EN, NACE, umzobo womthengi okanye iinkcukacha zeprojekthi.

✅ Ubungakanani: OD, ubukhulu bodonga, ishedyuli, ububanzi, ubukhulu, ububanzi bentambo, ubude okanye imilinganiselo yomzobo.

✅ Imeko yenkonzo: amanzi olwandle, i-chloride, inkonzo emuncu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, indawo yokuhluza, ukusetyenziswa kolwandle okanye ngaphantsi kolwandle.

✅ Uvavanyo: PMI, UT, PT, RT, eddy current, hydrostatic test, hardness, tensile, impact okanye corrosion test.

✅ Isatifikethi: EN 10204 3.1, 3.2, ingxelo yokuthobela i-NACE, uhlolo lomntu wesithathu okanye incwadi yedatha yeprojekthi.

✅ Ukupakisha: ibhokisi yomthi, iphakheji, izigqubuthelo zokugqibela, ukupakisha okufanelekileyo elwandle, iilebhile zenombolo yobushushu kunye neempawu zokuthumela ngaphandle.

FAQ

Yeyiphi intsimbi engagqwaliyo esetyenziswa kwioyile nakwigesi?

Iintsimbi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-oyile negesi ziquka i-304L, i-316L, i-321, i-347, i-904L, i-2205 duplex, i-2507 super duplex kunye ne-S32760. Umgangatho ochanekileyo uxhomekeke kwindawo yokugqwala, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, amandla kunye neemfuno zenkonzo emuncu.

Ingaba intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316L ifanelekile kwioyile negesi?

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316L isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zenkqubo yeoyile negesi, kwiinkqubo zaselwandle, kwiityhubhu zezixhobo kunye neepayipi ezixhathisa ukugqwala ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, iindawo ezinoburhabaxa be-chloride, amanzi olwandle okanye iindawo ezibonelela ngenkonzo emuncu zinokufuna izinto ze-duplex, i-super duplex okanye i-alloy ephezulu.

Ifanele isetyenziswe nini intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-duplex?

Intsimbi engenasici ephindwe kabini efana ne-2205 kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa abathengi befuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride okungcono kune-316L. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi zaselwandle, kwiinkqubo zoxinzelelo, izinto zokwakha kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-2205 kunye ne-2507 kwioyile negesi?

Intsimbi engagqwali ye-2205 duplex inika ulungelelwaniso oluhle lwamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye neendleko. I-2507 super duplex inika amandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa okungcono kokugqwala kunye nokugqwala kwimingxunya kwi-chloride enzima, amanzi olwandle kunye neendawo ezingaphantsi kolwandle.

Zeziphi iimveliso zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zeoyile negesi?

Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo ziquka umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ityhubhu, ibha ejikelezileyo, ibha eqingqiweyo, ucingo, intambo yocingo, ipleyiti, iflange, ukufakelwa, i-fastener, i-valve component, i-pump shaft, ucingo lwesikrini kunye neendawo ezenziwe ngomatshini ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Ngaba izinto zentsimbi engenasici zeoyile negesi zifuna uvavanyo lwe-PMI?

Uvavanyo lwe-PMI lucetyiswa kakhulu kwiiodolo ezibalulekileyo zeoyile negesi, ingakumbi ukuthunyelwa okuxutyiweyo, ii-duplex grades, ii-super duplex grades, izixhobo, ii-flanges, ii-bars kunye nezinto zoxinzelelo. Inceda ukuthintela ukudibana kwezinto kwaye ixhasa ukulandeleka.

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu ekufuneka anikezelwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo yeoyile negesi?

Amaxwebhu aqhelekileyo aquka i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, inombolo yobushushu, ingxelo ye-PMI, ingxelo yobukhulu, ingxelo ye-NDT, ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, uluhlu lokupakisha kunye nengxelo yokuhlolwa yomntu wesithathu ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Iimveliso zeNsimbi engagqwaliyo ezinxulumene noko

Imveliso Enxulumeneyo	Ukusetyenziswa koThengo
Umbhobho weNtsimbi Engagqwaliyo	Imibhobho yemigca yenkqubo yeoyile negesi, imibhobho yolwandle, iinkqubo zokucoca kunye nezixhobo zoxinzelelo.
Ibha Engqukuva Yentsimbi Engagqwaliyo	Ibha engqukuva yeziqu zevalvu, imiphini, izibophelelo, izinto zepompo kunye neendawo zeoyile negesi ezenziwe ngomatshini.
Ucingo lweSinyithi esingenasici	Ucingo lwe-mesh, izihluzi, izipringi, ukubopha, izikrini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso okumelana nokugqwala.
Intambo yocingo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo	Intambo yocingo yeentambo zaselwandle, imigca yokhuseleko, iintambo zokuphakamisa, zokulawula kunye nezixhobo zaselwandle.
Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo Ephindwe Kabini	Izixhobo ze-Duplex kunye ne-super duplex zenkonzo yokukhusela ulwandle, amanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, amanzi olwandle kunye nenkonzo yokugqwala enamandla aphezulu.
Isikhokelo sezinto zentsimbi engenasici zaselwandle	Isikhokelo sokuthelekisa i-316L, 2205 kunye ne-904L kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini nase-chloride.

Isiphelo

Intsimbi engatyiwayo yeoyile negesi ibandakanya i-bar, ipayipi, ityhubhu, ucingo, intambo yocingo, ipleyiti, iflange, izinto zokufakela kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikude nolwandle, ezingaphantsi kolwandle, kwifektri yokuhluza, kwiinkqubo zepetrochemical, zaselwandle kunye neenkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-316L yindawo eqhelekileyo yokuqala yenkonzo engamelani nokugqwala, ngelixa i-2205 duplex, i-2507 super duplex kunye ne-S32760 zikhethwa kwiindawo ezinamandla aphezulu kunye ne-chloride enzima ngakumbi.

Ukuze uthenge ngokuthembekileyo, abathengi kufuneka bachaze umgangatho, uhlobo lwemveliso, umgangatho oqhelekileyo, ubungakanani, uxinzelelo okanye imfuneko yamandla, indawo yenkonzo, uvavanyo, uhlobo lwesatifikethi kunye nendlela yokupakisha. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo intsimbi engagqwaliyo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala, kuphucule ubomi bezixhobo kwaye kuxhase ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kweoyile negesi.