Kuyini Ukudlula Kwezinsimbi Nemibhobho Yensimbi Engagqwali?

Isingeniso

Ukudlulisa izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali kanye namapayipi kuyindlela yokwelapha elawulwayo yamakhemikhali esetshenziselwa ukususa insimbi yamahhala, ukungcola kwesitolo, izinsalela zesikali esilula kanye nezinhlayiya zomshini ezindaweni zensimbi engagqwali, okuvumela ifilimu ehlanzekile ecebile nge-chromium ukuthi yakheke ngokwemvelo. Kubathengi bezimboni, onjiniyela kanye nabasebenzisi bokusesha be-AI beqhathanisa izinketho zokukhetha izinto, ukudlulisa izinsimbi kubaluleke kakhulu kumabha ayindilinga ensimbi engagqwali, imiphini, amapayipi angenamthungo, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe kanye namapayipi okunemba asetshenziswa ekucubungulweni kwamakhemikhali, imishini yokudla, izinhlelo zasolwandle, izingxenye zezokwelapha, amavalvu, izinamathiselo kanye nezicelo zokudlulisa uketshezi.

Insimbi engagqwali kakade iqukethe i-chromium, enikeza le nto ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusika, ukuguqula, ukushisela, ukugaya, ukudweba, ukupholisha, ukupakisha noma ukuhambisa, indawo ingase ingcoliswe yizinhlayiya zensimbi yekhabhoni noma izinsalela zokucubungula. Uma lokhu kungcola kungasuswa, amabala okugqwala angavela ngisho nalapho into eyisisekelo iyinsimbi engagqwali yangempela. Ukudlulisa amandla kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwendawo kanye nokuqina kokugqwala ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuyinhloko noma izakhiwo zemishini zensimbi engagqwali.

KwaSaky Steel, imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali namapayipi angahlinzekwa ngezimo ezifanele zobuso, ukulandeleka kwezinto, i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, ukwesekwa kokuhlola kwe-PMI kanye nokupakishwa kokuthumela ngaphandle ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi yamakhasimende. Ngezicelo ezidinga izindawo ezihlanzekile, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye namarekhodi okuhlola athembekile, ukungasebenzi kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yencazelo yokuthengwa.

Kuyini Ukudlula Kwezinsimbi Nemibhobho Yensimbi Engagqwali?

I-Passivation iyindlela yokwelapha ubuso ngemva kokucutshungulwa, hhayi ukugqoka. Ayifaki ungqimba lopende, ungqimba lwe-zinc, ungqimba lwe-nickel plating noma ifilimu evikelayo evela ngaphandle. Esikhundleni salokho, ihlanza ubuso bensimbi engagqwali futhi isekela ukwakheka kwengqimba ye-oxide engagqwali ezinzile esekelwe kakhulu ku-chromium oxide.

Emikhubeni evamile yezimboni, imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali namapayipi kuqala ahlanzwa ukuze kususwe uwoyela, amafutha kanye nokungcola. Angase aphathwe ngezixazululo zokudlulisa ezisekelwe ku-nitric acid noma ku-citric acid ngaphansi kokushisa okulawulwayo, ukuhlushwa kanye nesikhathi sokucwiliswa. Ngemva kokudlulisa, imikhiqizo ihlanzwa kahle futhi yomiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yamabala amanzi, izinsalela ze-asidi noma ukungcola kwesibili.

Imikhiqizo Ejwayelekile Yensimbi Engagqwali Efanelekela Ukudlula

I-Passivation ivame ukucelwa kuma-roller ayindilinga ensimbi engagqwali, ama-roller ayizikwele, ama-roller asicaba, ama-roller e-hex, ama-roller angenamthungo, ama-roller ahlanganisiwe, ama-capillary tubes, ama-roller aqondile, ama-roller fittings, ama-flanges, ama-shafts, izingxenye zama-valve, izingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini kanye nama-assembly enziwe. Kuwusizo kakhulu uma imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezimanzi, eziqukethe i-chloride, ezihlanzekile noma ezinolaka lwamakhemikhali.

Ukudlula ngokweqile akufani nokukhahlela noma ukupholisha

Ukupholisha ngokuvamile kunamandla futhi kusetshenziselwa ukususa umbala wokushisa, isikali sokushisela noma isikali se-oxide ngemva kokusebenza okushisayo noma ukupholisha. Ukupholisha kuthuthukisa ukushelela kobuso nokubukeka. Ukupholisha kugxila ekususeni insimbi yamahhala nokuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwamakhemikhali obuso. Kumaphrojekthi adinga amandla, lezi zinqubo zingahlanganiswa, njengopholisha kanye nokupholisha kwamapayipi apholisha, noma ukupholisha kanye nokupholisha izingxenye ezinembile.

Amabanga Ensimbi Engagqwali Evamile Yamabha Namapayipi Angenasivikelo

Umphumela wokungasebenzi uncike ebangeni lensimbi engagqwali, isimo sobuso kanye nendawo yesevisi. Izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-Austenitic ezifana ne-304, 304L, 316 kanye ne-316L zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni kanye nokuhlanzeka. Insimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili efana ne-2205 nayo ingasebenza lapho kudingeka ukumelana ne-chloride enamandla. Amazinga okuqina kwemvula afana ne-17-4PH angadinga ukulawulwa kwenqubo okucophelela kakhulu ngenxa yebhalansi yazo ye-alloy kanye nezidingo zokusetshenziswa.

Ithebula Lokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ibanga	I-UNS	Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Okuvamile	Ukufaneleka Kokuzizwa Ukhululekile
304	S30400	Cr 18.0–20.0%, Ni 8.0–10.5%, C ≤0.08%	Imigoqo namapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kabanzi adinga izindawo ezihlanzekile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe ngemva komshini noma ukwenziwa.
304L	S30403	Cr 18.0–20.0%, Ni 8.0–12.0%, C ≤0.03%	Ifanele amapayipi ahlanganisiwe nezingxenye ezenziwe lapho okuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni kusiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuzwela.
316	S31600	Cr 16.0–18.0%, Ni 10.0–14.0%, Mo 2.0–3.0%	Kukhethwa ezindaweni eziqukethe i-chloride ephakathi nendawo, imiphini yokupompa, izingxenye zamavalvu kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi ahlobene nolwandle.
316L	S31603	Cr 16.0–18.0%, Ni 10.0–14.0%, Mo 2.0–3.0%, C ≤0.03%	Ukukhetha okuvamile kwamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angasebenzi, amapayipi ahlanzekile, amapayipi amakhemikhali kanye nezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe.
I-Duplex engu-2205	S32205 / S31803	Cr 22.0–23.0%, Ni 4.5–6.5%, Mo 3.0–3.5%, N 0.14–0.20%	Kusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride okungcono.
17-4PH	S17400	Cr 15.0–17.5%, Ni 3.0–5.0%, Cu 3.0–5.0%, Nb+Ta 0.15–0.45%	Kusetshenziswa emigodini enamandla amakhulu, eziqwini zamavalvu kanye nezingxenye ezinembile; ukudlulisa amandla kufanele kulandele izinqubo ezivunyiwe.

Izakhiwo Zemishini Zezibha Nezipayipi Zensimbi Engagqwali Ngemva Kokuphambuka

Ukudlulisa amandla kuyinqubo yokuhlanza ubuso kanye nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali. Ngokuvamile akushintshi amandla okudonsa, amandla okukhiqiza, ukunwebeka, ubulukhuni noma isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kwezinsimbi eziqinile namapayipi. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zemishini kufanele zisalawulwa yizinga lezinto eziyisisekelo, indlela yokuncibilika, ukwelashwa kokushisa, izinga lokusebenza okubandayo kanye nezinga lomkhiqizo.

Ukuze kuthengwe, kubalulekile ukungaphathi ukungasebenzi njengokufaka esikhundleni sokukhetha okufanele kwezinto. Isibonelo, ipayipi le-304 elingasebenzi lihlanzekile kunepayipi le-304 elingasebenzisi ukungasebenzi, kodwa alilingani ne-316L ekumelaneni ne-chloride. Ngokufanayo, ibha le-316L elingasebenzi alibi yinsimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili. Ibanga elifanele kusamele likhethwe ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokugqwala, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, amandla kanye nendlela yokwenza.

Ithebula Lezakhiwo Zemishini

Ibanga	Ifomu Lomkhiqizo Ojwayelekile	Amandla Okudonsa	Amandla Okukhiqiza	Ukwelulwa	Umphumela Wokuzizwa Ukhululekile
304 / 304L	Ibha, ipayipi, ipayipi	Ngokuvamile ≥515 MPa	Ngokuvamile ≥205 MPa	Ngokuvamile ≥35–40%	Akukho shintsho olubalulekile ezimpahleni zemishini; kuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwendawo.
316 / 316L	Ipayipi elingenamthungo, ipayipi elihlanganisiwe, ibha eyindilinga	Ngokuvamile ≥515 MPa	Ngokuvamile ≥205 MPa	Ngokuvamile ≥35–40%	Igcina amandla esisekelo; isekela ukumelana nokugqwala ngesimo sobuso obuhlanzekile.
I-Duplex engu-2205	Ipayipi, ibha, izinto zokufaka	Ngokuvamile ≥620 MPa	Ngokuvamile ≥450 MPa	Ngokuvamile ≥25%	Akushintshi amandla e-duplex; ukwelashwa kwendawo kufanele kugweme ukungcola kanye nokulawulwa kwe-asidi okungafanele.
17-4PH	Umgodi, isiqu se-valve, ibha ekhiqizwe ngomshini	Kuncike esimweni se-H900, H1025, H1150	Kuncike ekwelashweni kokushisa	Kuncike esimweni	Ukudlulisa ukushisa akuthathi indawo yokulawula ukwelashwa kokushisa noma ukuqinisekiswa kobulukhuni.

Izindinganiso Ezisebenzayo Zezinto Zokwenza Izinto Zingabi Nalutho Nezingenasici

Ngokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe, ukudlulisa izimpahla kufanele kuchazwe kanye nezindinganiso zezinto kanye nemibhalo yokuhlola. Umthengi angadinga ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali ngokusho kwe-ASTM A312 noma i-ASTM A269, ibha yensimbi engagqwali ngokusho kwe-ASTM A276 noma i-ASTM A479, kanye nokudlulisa izimpahla ngokusho kwe-ASTM A967 noma i-ASTM A380. Kumaphrojekthi aseYurophu, kungacelwa imibhalo ye-EN 10088, EN 10216-5, EN 10217-7 kanye ne-EN 10204 3.1.

Ithebula Lamazinga / Amabanga Alinganayo

Isigaba	Izindinganiso Ezivamile	Amabanga/Okulinganayo Okujwayelekile	Amanothi Okuthenga
Inqubo Yokuzizwa Ukhululekile	I-ASTM A967, i-ASTM A380	Kusebenza kumamaki amaningi ensimbi engagqwali	Cacisa indlela ye-nitric noma ye-citric acid uma kudingeka ngokwencazelo yephrojekthi.
Amabha Ensimbi Engagqwali	I-ASTM A276, ASTM A479, EN 10088-3	304 / 1.4301, 316L / 1.4404, 17-4PH / 1.4542	Qinisekisa ukubekezelela ububanzi, ukuqeda ubuso, ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye nezidingo ze-MTC.
Amapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali Angenamthungo	I-ASTM A312, ASTM A269, ASTM A213, EN 10216-5	I-TP304L, TP316L, TP321, i-Duplex 2205	Qinisekisa i-OD, ukujiya kodonga, ishejuli, ubude, ingcindezi yokuhlola kanye nesimo sobuso.
Amapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali Ahlanganisiwe	I-ASTM A312, ASTM A358, ASTM A554, EN 10217-7	304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321	Ezindaweni ezishisiwe, ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa umoya kungadingeka ukuze kususwe umbala wokushisa.
Imibhalo Yokuhlola	I-EN 10204 3.1, i-ITP yamakhasimende, ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu	Inombolo yokushisa, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, amarekhodi okuhlolwa komshini	Iwusizo kumaphrojekthi e-EPC, izinhlelo zokucindezela kanye nokulawula izinto ezilwa nombumbulu.

Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Nokulandelela Izinto

Kuma-bar namapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, ukudlulisa umoya kufanele kusekelwe ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi efanele. Inhloso akukhona nje ukwenza indawo ibukeke ihlanzekile, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zilungile, inombolo yokushisa efanele, imininingwane efanele kanye nesimo sokuhlola esifanele ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Ukulawulwa Kwenombolo Yokushisa kanye ne-EN 10204 3.1 MTC

Iqoqo ngalinye lezinsimbi eziqinile namapayipi kufanele lilandelelwe enombolweni yokushisa. Inombolo yokushisa ixhumanisa umkhiqizo neqoqo lokuncibilika, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini kanye namarekhodi okukhiqiza. I-EN 10204 3.1 I-MTC ivame ukucelwa ngabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisa ibanga, izinga elijwayelekile, usayizi, inombolo yokushisa, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zokubopha kanye nesimo sokulethwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kanye nokulawulwa kwezinto ezingezona ezamanga

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI kusiza ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi be-alloy ngokuhlola izinto ezibalulekile njenge-Cr, i-Ni kanye ne-Mo. Lokhu kubalulekile lapho uthenga i-316L esikhundleni se-304, insimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili esikhundleni sensimbi engagqwali e-austenitic, noma amamaki akhethekile asetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwamakhemikhali nasolwandle. Ukuze kulawulwe izinto ezingezona ezangempela, i-PMI ingenziwa ngaphambi kokupakisha, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu noma uma kucelwa ikhasimende.

Ukuhlolwa Komphezulu Ngemva Kokudlula

Ngemva kokudlula, imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali namapayipi kufanele kuhlolwe ukugqwala okubonakalayo, amabala, izinsalela ze-asidi, izimpawu zamanzi, imihuzuko kanye nokungcola kobuso. Kuye ngezidingo zephrojekthi, ukuhlolwa kungafaka ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, ukuhlolwa kwe-ferrite, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kwamapayipi, ukuhlolwa kwe-UT kwemigoqo noma amapayipi, kanye nokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu yi-SGS, BV, TÜV noma ezinye izinhlangano.

Ukuqhathaniswa Nokwelashwa Okufanayo Kobuso

Ukudlula kwe-passivation kuvame ukudidaniswa nezinye izinqubo zobuso bensimbi engagqwali. Ekuthengeni kobunjiniyela, ukukhetha inqubo efanele kusiza ukugwema ukungaqondani phakathi komhlinzeki, umthengi, umenzi kanye nomsebenzisi wokugcina.

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Izinto

Inqubo	Inhloso Eyinhloko	Imikhiqizo Efanelekile	Izinzuzo	Ukulinganiselwa
Ukuphelelwa yithemba	Susa insimbi yamahhala bese uthuthukisa isimo sobuso obungenamsebenzi	Amabha, amapayipi, amashubhu, izinto zokufaka, izingxenye ezifakwe ngomshini	Kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokugqwala ngaphandle kokushintsha ubukhulu kakhulu	Ayikwazi ukususa isikali esinzima, imihuzuko ejulile noma umbala wokushisa onzima we-welding kuphela
Ukukhahlela	Susa isikali se-oxide kanye nokushisa okukhanyayo	Amabha asongwe ngokushisa, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe, izakhiwo ezenziwe	Isebenza kahle ekususweni kwezikali ngemuva kokushisela noma ukwelashwa ngokushisa	Inqubo enolaka kakhulu; ukubukeka kobuso kungaba matte
Ukupholisha Kwemishini	Thuthukisa ukukhanya kanye nobulukhuni	Amapayipi okuhlobisa, imiphini, amapayipi okuhlanza	Inikeza ukubukeka okubushelelezi nokukhanyayo	Kungangenisa izinhlayiya ezifakiwe uma imidiya yokupholisha ingalawulwa
Ukupholisha nge-electro	Ukushelela kwezinga elincane kanye nokuhlanzeka okuthuthukisiwe	Amapayipi ahlanzekile kakhulu, izingxenye zezokwelapha, izinhlelo zokudla nezemithi	Ukuhlanzeka kobuso okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhono eliphansi lokungagobeki	Izindleko eziphakeme kanye nezidingo zokulawula inqubo eziqondile
Ukugqoka noma Ukufaka Iplati	Engeza ungqimba oluvikelayo noma olusebenzayo lwangaphandle	Izingxenye ezikhethekile, imikhiqizo yokuhlobisa, izingxenye ezingagugi	Inganikeza umbala okhethekile, ubulukhuni noma izakhiwo zokuvimbela	Akufani nokungaguquguquki kwensimbi engagqwali; umonakalo wokumboza ungaveza isisekelo

Izicelo Zezimboni Zezibha Nezipayipi Zensimbi Engagqwali Ezingashintshiwe

Ukudlulisa insimbi kuyigugu ezimbonini lapho izindawo zensimbi engagqwali zivezwa khona umswakama, amakhemikhali okuhlanza, uketshezi lwenqubo, imikhiqizo yokudla, isimo sasolwandle noma izidingo zokuhlanganisa ngokunemba. Kuwusizo futhi lapho izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziswa ngomshini ezindaweni zokusebenzela eziphinde zicubungule insimbi yekhabhoni, ngoba ukungcola okuphambene kungenye yezizathu ezivamile zokugqwala kwendawo okungalindelekile.

Ithebula Lezicelo Zezimboni

Imboni	Imikhiqizo Ejwayelekile	Amabanga Anconyiwe	Kungani Ukuzidela Kubalulekile
Ukucubungula Amakhemikhali	Amapayipi angenamthungo, ama-flange, imigoqo yama-valve, izinto zokufaka	316L, 317L, 2205	Kunciphisa ingozi yokungcoliswa komhlaba ezindaweni zenqubo yokugqwala.
Ukudla Neziphuzo	Amapayipi okuhlanzeka, amapayipi acwebezelisiwe, imiphini yokupompa	304L, 316L	Isekela ukuhlanzeka futhi inciphisa amabala okugqwala abonakalayo ngemva kokwenziwa.
Imikhumbi kanye ne-Offshore	Amapayipi, imigoqo, isitokwe sokubopha, imiphini	316L, 2205, 2507	Kuthuthukisa isimo sobuso ngaphambi kokuchayeka emoyeni oqukethe usawoti.
Izingxenye Zezokwelapha Nokucophelela	Imigoqo emincane, amashubhu e-capillary, izingxenye ezifakwe ngomshini	316L, 316LVM lapho kuchaziwe khona	Kusiza ekufezeni izindawo ezihlanzekile ukuze kwenziwe ngokunemba kanye nokucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo.
Uwoyela, igesi kanye namandla	Amapayipi ezinsimbi, izimbobo zamapayipi, iziqu zamavalvu	316L, 321, 347, amamaki amabili	Isekela ukuthembeka kwezinto lapho kudingeka khona imibhalo kanye nokulandelelwa.
Imishini kanye Nokuzenzakalela	Imigoqo eyindilinga, imiphini, izingxenye zokunyakaza eziqondile, amashubhu esakhiwo	304, 316, 17-4PH	Kususa ukungcola komshini wokugaya futhi kuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwengxenye yokugcina.

Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Izinto Ezibalulekile Zezibha Namapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali Angafakwanga

Uma ukhetha izinto zensimbi engagqwali zokudlulisa ukukhanya, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqinisekisa isimo sangempela sesevisi. Abathengi kufanele bahlole indawo yokugqwala, ukuhlushwa kwe-chloride, izinga lokushisa, umthwalo womshini, imfuneko yokushisela, imfuneko yobulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nezinga lokuhlola. Ukudlulisa ukukhanya kuthuthukisa isimo somphezulu, kodwa akunakukwazi ukukhokhela ukusebenzisa ibanga elingalungile le-alloy.

Amabanga Anconyiwe Ngokwesimo Sesicelo

Emishinini yangaphakathi evamile kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi okuhlobisa, ama-304 noma ama-304L avame ukwanele. Emishinini yamakhemikhali, ezindaweni ezisogwini, emoyeni wasolwandle kanye noketshezi oluqukethe i-chloride kancane, ama-316 noma ama-316L ngokuvamile kuyindlela ephephile. Ukuze kube nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-chloride kanye namandla aphezulu, i-duplex 2205 ingacatshangelwa. Ezingxenyeni zamandla aphezulu kanye nezingxenye zamavalvu, i-17-4PH ingasetshenziswa uma izimo zokugqwala zifanelekile futhi ukwelashwa kokushisa kuchazwe kahle.

Imibuzo Ebalulekile Yokuthenga

Ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda, abathengi kufanele baqinisekise uhlobo lomkhiqizo, ibanga, izinga elijwayelekile, usayizi, ukubekezelelana, ubude, ukuqeda ubuso, izinga lokuphasa, idokhumenti yokuhlola, indlela yokupakisha kanye nesheduli yokulethwa. Kumapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, izidingo ze-OD, ukujiya kodonga, isheduli, uhlobo lokugcina kanye nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi kufanele kucace. Kumabha, ukubekezelelana kobubanzi, ukuqondile, isimo sobuso, ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye nezidingo zokuhlolwa kwe-UT kufanele kuqinisekiswe.

Ukulinganiselwa Kokudluliswa Kwensimbi Engagqwali

Ukudlulisa insimbi kuyasiza, kodwa kunemikhawulo. Ayikwazi ukulungisa imigodi ejulile, ukususa isikali se-oxide esindayo, ukulungisa ikhwalithi yokushisela engeyinhle, ukushintsha izinga le-alloy noma ukwandisa amandla omshini. Uma insimbi engagqwali ingcoliswe kakhulu, iklwejwe noma ishiswe kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuhlanza okwengeziwe, ukugaya, ukukha noma ukushintshwa.

Ukudlula kwamandla nakho akukwazi ukwenza insimbi engagqwali ivikeleke ngokuphelele ekugqwaleni. Ukuhlaselwa yi-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice, ukukhishwa kwamanzi okungekuhle, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, imithombo ye-acidic kanye nama-deposit kungase kubangele ukugqwala uma kukhethwa ibanga elingalungile. Ezindaweni ezinolaka, ukukhethwa kwezinto kufanele kucabangele amazinga aphethe i-molybdenum njenge-316L, insimbi engagqwali ye-duplex, insimbi engagqwali ye-super duplex noma ama-alloy e-nickel kuye ngesimo sangempela.

Kungani Kufanele Ukhethe Amabha Namapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali Angafakwanga Ensimbini Yensimbi?

I-Saky Steel inikeza imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali, izinduku, imiphini, amapayipi angenamthungo, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe, amashubhu anembile, imikhiqizo yocingo, izinto zokufakelwa kanye nezinto zezimboni ezihlobene nezimakethe zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukungasebenzi kahle kwemigoqo yensimbi engagqwali namapayipi, singasiza amakhasimende ukukhetha amamaki afanele, siqinisekise amazinga afanele, sihlele amadokhumenti okuhlola futhi sisekele izidingo zobuso ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Izinzuzo Zabahlinzeki Zokuthengwa Kobunjiniyela

Ukwazi	Imininingwane Yokusekela
Ukukhethwa Kwebanga Lezinto Ezibalulekile	304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 347, 2205, 2507, 17-4PH kanye nezinye izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali ngokwezimo zokusetshenziswa.
Ububanzi Bomkhiqizo	Amabha ayindilinga, amabha ayisicaba, amabha e-hex, amapayipi angenamthungo, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe, amashubhu e-capillary, amashubhu aqondile, ama-flange kanye nokufakwa.
Ukulandelela	Ukulawulwa kwenombolo yokushisa, i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kanye namarekhodi empahla yemishini.
Usekelo Lokuhlola	Ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI, ukuhlolwa kwe-UT, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kwamapayipi kanye nokusekelwa kokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu.
Izinketho Zomphezulu	Izimo zobuso ezimnyama, ezifakwe ukhilimu, ezikhanyayo, ezipholishiwe, ezihlutshiwe, eziguquliwe, ezigayiwe, ezingasebenzi futhi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Ukupakisha Okuthunyelwe Kwangaphandle	Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe, amakesi okhuni, amaphalethi okhuni, izivalo zepulasitiki, ukugoqa okungangenwa manzi kanye nokupakishwa okulungele ukuthunyelwa olwandle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokudluliswa Kwezinsimbi Nezipayipi Zensimbi Engagqwali

Ingabe ukungasebenzi kahle kuvimbela insimbi engagqwali ukuthi igqwale ngokuphelele?

Cha. Ukudlula kuthuthukisa isimo sobuso futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokugqwala okubangelwa ukungcoliswa kwensimbi yamahhala, kodwa insimbi engagqwali isengagqwala uma izinga lingafanele imvelo noma uma ubuso buvezwa kuma-chloride aqinile, ama-asidi, imifantu noma amadiphozithi.

Ingabe kudingeka i-passivation kumapayipi ensimbi angagqwali angu-316L?

Kuncike ekusetshenzisweni. Ngezicelo zamakhemikhali, zasolwandle, zokudla, zemithi, zamapayipi ezinsimbi kanye nokwakhiwa ngokunemba, kungacelwa ukudlulisa umoya ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanzeka kwendawo ngemuva kokukhiqizwa, ukushisela, ukusika noma ukukhanda.

Ingabe ukuphumula kungathatha indawo yokupheka ngemva kokushisela?

Ngokuvamile akunjalo. Uma kukhona i-welding heat tint noma i-oxide scale, kungase kudingeke i-pickling noma ihlanzwe ngomshini ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-passivation. I-passivation isebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni zensimbi engagqwali ezihlanzwe kahle.

Ingabe ukungasebenzi kuthinta ubukhulu bezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali?

Ukudlulisa i-passivation ngokuvamile kunomphumela omncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nomshini wokugaya, ukugaya noma ukukhahlela okunzima. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye ezinembile kufanele zisho ukubekezelelana, ukuqeda ubuso kanye nezidingo zokuhlola ngaphambi kokwelashwa.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele acelwe lapho uthenga insimbi engagqwali engasebenzi?

Imibhalo evamile ifaka phakathi i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, uhlu lwezinombolo zokushisa, umbiko we-PMI uma kudingeka, umbiko wokuhlola osayizi, isitatimende sokudlulisa uma sichaziwe, kanye nombiko wokuhlola weqembu lesithathu uma kudingeka yiphrojekthi.

Imikhiqizo Yensimbi Engagqwali Ehlobene

Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukuphumula noma izindawo zensimbi engagqwali ezihlanzekile, abathengi bangaphinde bacabangele ipayipi elingenamthungo lensimbi engagqwali, ipayipi elihlanganisiwe lensimbi engagqwali, ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali, ibha eyisicaba yensimbi engagqwali, ipayipi le-capillary yensimbi engagqwali, ipayipi lokunemba lensimbi engagqwali, i-flange yensimbi engagqwali, ukufakwa kwepayipi lensimbi engagqwali kanye nezinto zomgodi wensimbi engagqwali. Le mikhiqizo inganikezwa ngamamaki ahlukene, amazinga, osayizi kanye nezimo zobuso ngokuya ngemidwebo yephrojekthi noma imininingwane yokuthenga.

Isiphetho

Ukufakwa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye namapayipi ensimbi engagqwali kuyindlela ebalulekile yokwelapha ubuso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanzeka, kuncishiswe ukungcola kwensimbi okungenazinkinga kanye nokusekela ukumelana nokugqwala ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni okudingakalayo. Akuyona ingubo futhi ayishintshi i-alloy eyisisekelo noma izakhiwo zemishini, kodwa kunganciphisa kakhulu izinkinga zokugqwala komhlaba ezingagwenywa ezibangelwa ukungcola kokucubungula.

Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, ukudlulisa i-passivation kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokukhethwa kwebanga lensimbi engagqwali okufanele, amazinga omkhiqizo afanele, ukulandeleka kwenombolo yokushisa okuthembekile, i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, ukuhlolwa kwe-PMI uma kudingeka, ukupakisha okufanele kanye nokuxhumana okucacile phakathi komthengi nomhlinzeki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrojekthi ihilela ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali elingu-304, ipayipi elingenamthungo elingu-316L, ibha ye-duplex engu-2205 noma izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ezisebenza ngomshini ngokunembile, ukucacisa ukudlulisa i-passivation ngendlela efanele kungathuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuthengwa kanye nokusebenza kwenkonzo yesikhathi eside.

Ukubizelwa Esenzweni