Yintoni iPassivation kwiiBhari kunye neePipe zeNsimbi engagqwaliyo?

Intshayelelo

Ukudlulisa iibhari zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neepayipi lunyango olulawulwayo lomphezulu wekhemikhali olusetyenziselwa ukususa isinyithi esikhululekileyo, ungcoliseko lwevenkile, iintsalela zesikali esikhanyayo kunye namasuntswana oomatshini kwiindawo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, okuvumela ifilimu ecocekileyo etyebileyo kwi-chromium ukuba yakheke ngokwendalo. Kubathengi bemizi-mveliso, iinjineli kunye nabasebenzisi bokukhangela i-AI bethelekisa iindlela zokukhetha izinto, ukuhambisa iibhari kubaluleke kakhulu kwiibhari ezijikelezileyo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iishafts, iipayipi ezingenamthungo, iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo kunye neetyhubhu ezichanekileyo ezisetyenziswa ekucutshungulweni kweekhemikhali, izixhobo zokutya, iinkqubo zaselwandle, izinto zonyango, iivalvu, izibophelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokudluliselwa kolwelo.

Intsimbi engatyiwayo sele ine-chromium, enika le nto ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokusika, ukujika, ukuwelda, ukugawula, ukuzoba, ukupolisha, ukupakisha okanye ukuthuthwa, umphezulu ungcoliswa ziinxalenye zentsimbi yekhabhoni okanye iintsalela zokucubungula. Ukuba ezi zinto zingcolisayo azisuswanga, amabala okugqwala anokuvela nokuba izinto ezisisiseko ziyintsimbi engatyiwayo yokwenyani. Ukudlulisa i-passivation kunceda ukuphucula ukucoceka komphezulu kunye nokuzinza kokugqwala ngaphandle kokutshintsha ukwakheka kweekhemikhali eziphambili okanye iipropati zoomatshini zentsimbi engatyiwayo.

KwiSaky Steel, iibhari zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neepayipi zinokubonelelwa ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zomphezulu, ukulandeleka kwezinto, i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, inkxaso yovavanyo lwe-PMI kunye nokupakishwa kokuthumela ngaphandle ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi yabathengi. Kwizicelo ezifuna iindawo ezicocekileyo, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye neerekhodi zokuhlola ezithembekileyo, ukungasebenzi kunokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcazo yokuthengwa.

Yintoni iPassivation kwiiBhari kunye neePipe zeNsimbi engagqwaliyo?

I-Passivation yindlela yokulungisa umphezulu emva kokucubungula, hayi i-coating. Ayifaki umaleko wepeyinti, umaleko we-zinc, umaleko we-nickel plating okanye ifilimu ekhuselayo evela ngaphandle. Endaweni yoko, icoca umphezulu wentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwaye ixhasa ukwakheka komaleko we-oxide ozinzileyo osekelwe ikakhulu kwi-chromium oxide.

Kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yemizi-mveliso, imivalo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nemibhobho kuqala icocekile ukuze kususwe ioyile, igrisi kunye nokungcola. Emva koko zinokunyangwa ngesisombululo se-nitric acid okanye i-citric acid-based passivation phantsi kobushushu obulawulwayo, uxinaniso kunye nexesha lokuntywiliselwa. Emva kokuphanza, iimveliso ziyahlanjwa kakuhle kwaye zomiswe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wamabala amanzi, iintsalela ze-asidi okanye ungcoliseko lwesibini.

Iimveliso zeNtsimbi Engagqwaliyo Eziqhelekileyo Ezilungele Ukuhanjiswa

I-passivation idla ngokucelwa kwiibha ezijikelezileyo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iibha ezisikwere, iibha ezisicaba, iibha ze-hex, iibhayi ezingenamthungo, iibhayi eziweldiweyo, iibhayi ze-capillary, iibhayi ezichanekileyo, izixhobo zephayiphu, iiflanges, iishafts, iindawo zevalvu, izinto ezenziwe ngomatshini kunye neendibano ezenziweyo. Iluncedo ngakumbi xa iimveliso zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezimanzi, ezine-chloride, ezicocekileyo okanye ezinoburhalarhume beekhemikhali.

Ukunyamezela akufani nokuPickling okanye ukuPolisha

Ukupholisha kudla ngokuba namandla ngakumbi kwaye kusetyenziselwa ukususa umbala wobushushu, isikali sokuwelda okanye isikali se-oxide emva kokusebenza ngobushushu okanye ukupholisha. Ukupholisha kuphucula ukuthamba komphezulu kunye nenkangeleko. Ukupholisha kugxile ekususeni isinyithi esikhululekileyo kunye nokuphucula ucoceko lweekhemikhali zomphezulu. Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna amandla, ezi nkqubo zinokudityaniswa, ezifana nokupholisha kunye nokupholisha kwimibhobho ephosiweyo, okanye ukupholisha kunye nokupholisha kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo.

Amanqanaba eNtsimbi engagqwaliyo eqhelekileyo yeeBhari kunye neePipe ezingasetyenziswanga

Isiphumo sokungangenisi sixhomekeke kudidi lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo, imeko yomphezulu kunye nendawo yenkonzo. Iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-Austenitic ezifana ne-304, 304L, 316 kunye ne-316L zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zoshishino nezococeko. Iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ezimbini ezifana ne-2205 nazo zinokungangenisisi xa kufuneka ukumelana ne-chloride enamandla. Iinqanaba zokuqina kwemvula ezifana ne-17-4PH zinokufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwenkqubo ngenxa yokulinganisela kwazo i-alloy kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa.

Itheyibhile yoBume beeKhemikhali

Ibanga	I-UNS	Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lweeKhemikhali	Ukubaluleka koThando
304	S30400	Cr 18.0–20.0%, Ni 8.0–10.5%, C ≤0.08%	Iibhari kunye neepayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezisetyenziselwa injongo ngokubanzi ezifuna indawo ecocekileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala okuphuculweyo emva kokwenziwa okanye kokwenziwa.
304L	S30403	Cr 18.0–20.0%, Ni 8.0–12.0%, C ≤0.03%	Ifanelekile kwiipayipi ezitshixiweyo kunye neendawo ezenziweyo apho umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi unceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuziva ungenamandla.
316	S31600	Cr 16.0–18.0%, Ni 10.0–14.0%, Mo 2.0–3.0%.	Ikhethwa kwiindawo ezinekloridi ephakathi, imingxunya yokumpompa, iindawo zevalvu kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho ezinxulumene nolwandle.
316L	S31603	Cr 16.0–18.0%, Ni 10.0–14.0%, Mo 2.0–3.0%, C ≤0.03%	Ukhetho oluqhelekileyo kwiipayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezingasetyenziswanga, iityhubhu zococeko, iipayipi zeekhemikhali kunye nezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo.
I-Duplex engama-2205	S32205 / S31803	Cr 22.0–23.0%, Ni 4.5–6.5%, Mo 3.0–3.5%, N 0.14–0.20%	Isetyenziswa xa kufuneka amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion stress okungcono.
17-4PH	S17400	Cr 15.0–17.5%, Ni 3.0–5.0%, Cu 3.0–5.0%, Nb+Ta 0.15–0.45%	Ifakwe kwimigodlo enamandla aphezulu, iziqu zevalvu kunye nezinto ezichanekileyo; ukudlulisa amandla kufuneka kulandele iinkqubo ezivunyiweyo.

Iipropati zoomatshini zeeBhari zeNtsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neePipe emva kokudlula

Ukudlulisa umbane yinkqubo yokucoca umphezulu kunye nokusebenza kweekhemikhali. Ngokwesiqhelo ayitshintshi amandla okutsalwa, amandla okuvelisa, ubude, ubulukhuni okanye imeko yonyango lobushushu lweebha zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neepayipi. Ke ngoko, iipropati zoomatshini kufuneka zisalawulwa ludidi lwezinto ezisisiseko, indlela yokunyibilika, unyango lobushushu, inqanaba lokusebenza okubandayo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.

Xa kuthengwa, kubalulekile ukuba ungaphathi i-passivation njengokutshintsha ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezinto. Umzekelo, umbhobho we-304 ongasebenziyo ucocekile kunembhobho we-304 ongasebenziyo, kodwa awulingani ne-316L ekumelaneni ne-chloride. Ngokufanayo, ibha ye-316L engasebenziyo ayibi yintsimbi engenasici ephindwe kabini. Udidi oluchanekileyo kufuneka lukhethwe ngokwendlela yokubola, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, amandla kunye nendlela yokwenza.

Itheyibhile yeePropati zoMatshini

Ibanga	Ifomu yeMveliso eqhelekileyo	Tensile strength	Unikeze Amandla	Ukwandiswa	Isiphumo soPhuzeko
304 / 304L	Ibha, umbhobho, ityhubhu	Ngokwesiqhelo yi-≥515 MPa	Ngokwesiqhelo i-≥205 MPa	Ngokwesiqhelo ≥35–40%	Akukho tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwiimpawu zoomatshini; kuphucula ukucoceka komphezulu.
316 / 316L	Umbhobho ongenamthungo, umbhobho odibeneyo, ibha ejikelezileyo	Ngokwesiqhelo yi-≥515 MPa	Ngokwesiqhelo i-≥205 MPa	Ngokwesiqhelo ≥35–40%	Igcina isiseko siqinile; ixhasa ukuxhathisa ukugqwala ngenxa yokuba umphezulu wayo ucocekile.
I-Duplex engama-2205	Umbhobho, ibha, izinto zokudibanisa	Ngokwesiqhelo yi-≥620 MPa	Ngokwesiqhelo i-≥450 MPa	Ngokwesiqhelo ≥25%	Ayitshintshi amandla e-duplex; unyango lomphezulu kufuneka luthintele ungcoliseko kunye nolawulo olungafanelekanga lwe-asidi.
17-4PH	Ishafti, isiqu sevalvu, ibha eyenziwe ngomatshini	Kuxhomekeke kwimeko ye-H900, H1025, H1150	Kuxhomekeke kunyango lobushushu	Kuxhomekeke kwimeko	Ukudlulisa amandla akuthathi indawo yolawulo lonyango lobushushu okanye ukuqinisekiswa kobulukhuni.

Imigangatho Esebenzayo Yezinto Ezisetyenziswa Ngesinyithi Nezingenasici

Kwizinto ezithengwa kumazwe ngamazwe, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla kufuneka kuchazwe kunye nemigangatho yezinto eziphathekayo kunye namaxwebhu okuhlola. Umthengi unokufuna umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokwe-ASTM A312 okanye i-ASTM A269, ibha yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokwe-ASTM A276 okanye i-ASTM A479, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngokwe-ASTM A967 okanye i-ASTM A380. Kwiiprojekthi zaseYurophu, amaxwebhu e-EN 10088, EN 10216-5, EN 10217-7 kunye ne-EN 10204 3.1 angacelwa.

Itheyibhile yeMigangatho / yeeBanga ezilinganayo

Udidi	Imigangatho Efanayo	Amabanga aqhelekileyo / Amanani alinganayo	Amanqaku okuthenga
Inkqubo yokudlulisa umva	I-ASTM A967, i-ASTM A380	Isebenza kwiindidi ezininzi zentsimbi engenasici	Cacisa indlela ye-nitric okanye ye-citric acid ukuba iyimfuneko ngokweenkcukacha zeprojekthi.
IiBha zeNsimbi Engagqwaliyo	I-ASTM A276, i-ASTM A479, EN 10088-3	304 / 1.4301, 316L / 1.4404, 17-4PH / 1.4542	Qinisekisa ukunyamezela ububanzi, ukugqitywa komphezulu, unyango lobushushu kunye neemfuno ze-MTC.
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo	I-ASTM A312, ASTM A269, ASTM A213, EN 10216-5	TP304L, TP316L, TP321, Duplex 2205	Qinisekisa i-OD, ubukhulu bodonga, ishedyuli, ubude, uxinzelelo lovavanyo kunye nemeko yomphezulu.
Imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo edityanisiweyo	I-ASTM A312, ASTM A358, ASTM A554, EN 10217-7	304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321	Kwiindawo ezitshisiweyo, ukucola kunye nokuthambisa kungafuneka ukuze kususwe umbala wobushushu.
Amaxwebhu oHlolo	I-EN 10204 3.1, i-ITP yomthengi, ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu	Inombolo yobushushu, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, iirekhodi zovavanyo loomatshini	Iluncedo kwiiprojekthi ze-EPC, iinkqubo zoxinzelelo kunye nolawulo lwezinto ezichasene nobuxoki.

Uvavanyo loMgangatho kunye nokuKhangela ukuFumaneka kwezinto

Kwimibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neebhayiphu, ukudlulisa umoya kufuneka kuxhaswe lulawulo olufanelekileyo lomgangatho. Injongo ayikokwenza umphezulu ubonakale ucocekile kuphela, kodwa kukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zilungile, inani elifanelekileyo lobushushu, iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kunye nemeko yokuhlolwa echanekileyo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Ulawulo lweNombolo yoBushushu kunye ne-EN 10204 3.1 MTC

Ibhetshi nganye yeebhari zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neepayipi kufuneka ilandelelwe kwinombolo yobushushu. Inombolo yobushushu idibanisa imveliso nebhetshi yokunyibilika, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini kunye neerekhodi zemveliso. I-EN 10204 3.1 MTC idla ngokucelwa ngabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, umgangatho, ubungakanani, inombolo yobushushu, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, iimpawu zokuxinana kunye nemeko yokuhanjiswa.

Uvavanyo lwe-PMI kunye noLawulo lwezinto ezingezizo zobuxoki

Uvavanyo lwe-PMI lunceda ukuqinisekisa ubunyani be-alloy ngokukhangela izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-Cr, i-Ni kunye ne-Mo. Oku kubalulekile xa uthenga i-316L endaweni ye-304, intsimbi engagqwali kabini endaweni yentsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, okanye amabakala akhethekileyo asetyenziswa kwinkonzo yamakhemikhali kunye neyolwandle. Ukulawula izinto ezichasene nobuxoki, i-PMI inokwenziwa ngaphambi kokupakisha, ngexesha lokuhlolwa komntu wesithathu okanye xa umthengi ecela.

Ukuhlolwa komphezulu emva kokudlula

Emva kokungasebenzi kakuhle, imivalo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nemibhobho kufuneka ihlolwe ukuba ayinayo na i-rust ebonakalayo, amabala, iintsalela ze-asidi, iimpawu zamanzi, imikrwelo kunye nongcoliseko lomphezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zeprojekthi, uhlolo lunokubandakanya ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, uvavanyo lwe-ferrite, uvavanyo loburhabaxa, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic lwemibhobho, uvavanyo lwe-UT lweemivalo okanye imibhobho, kunye nokuhlolwa komntu wesithathu yi-SGS, BV, TÜV okanye ezinye iiarhente.

Ukuthelekiswa nonyango olufanayo lomphezulu

Ukudlulisa umbane kudla ngokubhidaniswa nezinye iinkqubo zomphezulu wentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Ukuthenga ngobunjineli, ukukhetha inkqubo echanekileyo kunceda ukuthintela ukungaqondani phakathi komthengisi, umthengi, umenzi kunye nomsebenzisi wokugqibela.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa izinto

Inkqubo	Injongo Ephambili	Iimveliso ezifanelekileyo	Iingenelo	Imida
Ukunyamezela	Susa i-iron ekhululekileyo kwaye uphucule imeko yomphezulu ongasebenziyo	Iibhari, iipayipi, iityhubhu, izixhobo, iindawo ezenziwe ngomatshini	Iphucula uzinzo lokugqwala ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubukhulu kakhulu	Ayikwazi ukususa isikali esinzima, imikrwelo enzulu okanye umbala wobushushu obugqithisileyo kuphela
Ukukha	Susa isikali se-oxide kunye nomthunzi wobushushu	Iibhari eziqengqelekayo ezishushu, iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo, izakhiwo ezenziweyo	Isebenza kakuhle ekususeni isikali emva kokuwelda okanye unyango lobushushu	Inkqubo enobundlongondlongo ngakumbi; imbonakalo yomphezulu inokuba matte
Ukupholisha ngoomatshini	Phucula ukukhanya kunye noburhabaxa	Imibhobho yokuhombisa, imiphanda, iityhubhu zococeko	Inika inkangeleko ethambileyo nekhanyayo	Ingangenisa amasuntswana afakwe ngaphakathi ukuba izixhobo zokupolisha azilawulwa
Ukucoca nge-electropolishing	Ukuthambisa okumgangatho omncinci kunye nokucoceka okuphuculweyo	Iityhubhu ezicocekileyo kakhulu, iindawo zonyango, ukutya kunye neenkqubo zamayeza	Ucoceko olugqwesileyo lomphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukuba noburhabaxa obuphantsi	Iindleko eziphezulu kunye neemfuno zolawulo lwenkqubo ezithile
Ukwaleka okanye ukuPlata	Yongeza umaleko okhuselayo okanye osebenzayo wangaphandle	Izinto ezikhethekileyo, iimveliso zokuhombisa, iindawo ezinganyangekiyo	Ingabonelela ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo zombala, ubulukhuni okanye umqobo	Ayifani ne-stainless steel passivation; umonakalo we-coating ungabonakalisa i-substrate

Izicelo zemizi-mveliso zeeBhari zeNtsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neePipe

Ukuhambisa izinto ngaphandle kwesinyithi kuxabisekile kumashishini apho imiphezulu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ivezwa kumswakama, iikhemikhali zokucoca, ulwelo lwenkqubo, iimveliso zokutya, umoya waselwandle okanye iimfuno zokuhlanganisa ngokuchanekileyo. Kukwaluncedo xa iindawo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zisenziwa ngomatshini kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezikwalungisa intsimbi yekhabhoni, kuba ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo sesinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokugqwala okungalindelekanga komphezulu.

Itheyibhile yezicelo zemizi-mveliso

Ishishini	Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo	Amanqaku acetyiswayo	Kutheni i-Passivation ibalulekile
Ukucubungula iikhemikhali	Imibhobho engenamthungo, iiflange, iibha zevalvu, izixhobo	316L, 317L, 2205	Inciphisa umngcipheko wokungcoliswa komhlaba kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ukutya neZiselo	Iityhubhu zococeko, iipayipi ezikhazimlisiweyo, imibhobho yepompo	304L, 316L	Ixhasa ukucoceka kwaye inciphisa amabala okugqwala abonakalayo emva kokwenziwa.
Ulwandle kunye nolwandle	Iipayipi, imivalo, isitokhwe sokubopha, imiphanda	316L, 2205, 2507	Iphucula imeko yomphezulu ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazeleke emoyeni oqulethe ityuwa.
Izixhobo zonyango kunye nokuchaneka	Iibhari ezincinci, iityhubhu ze-capillary, iindawo ezenziwe ngomatshini	316L, 316LVM apho kuchaziwe khona	Inceda ekufumaneni iindawo ezicocekileyo ukuze kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kuqhutyekwe phambili.
Ioyile, iGesi kunye namandla	Imibhobho yezixhobo, izikhonkwane zepayipi, iziqu zevalvu	316L, 321, 347, amanqanaba e-duplex	Ixhasa ukuthembeka kwezinto apho kufuneka amaxwebhu kunye nokulandelelwa kwazo.
Oomatshini kunye nokuZenzekelayo	Iibha ezijikelezileyo, imiphini, iindawo zokunyakaza ezithe tye, iityhubhu zesakhiwo	304, 316, 17-4PH	Isusa ungcoliseko lwemishini kwaye iphucula ukubonakala kwenxalenye yokugqibela.

Isikhokelo soKhetho lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiibhari kunye neepayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo

Xa ukhetha izinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zokuhambisa umoya, inyathelo lokuqala kukuqinisekisa imeko yenkonzo yokwenyani. Abathengi kufuneka bavavanye indlela yokugqwala, uxinzelelo lwe-chloride, ubushushu, umthwalo woomatshini, imfuneko yokuwelda, imfuneko yoburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nomgangatho wokuhlola. Ukuhambisa umoya kuphucula imeko yomphezulu, kodwa akunakubuyisela ukusetyenziswa komgangatho we-alloy ongalunganga.

Amanqaku Acetywayo Ngokwesimo Sesicelo

Kwizixhobo zangaphakathi ngokubanzi kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho yokuhombisa, i-304 okanye i-304L idla ngokwanela. Kwizixhobo zeekhemikhali, iindawo ezikufutshane nolwandle, umoya wolwandle kunye nolwelo olune-chloride encinci, i-316 okanye i-316L idla ngokuba lukhetho olukhuselekileyo. Kwimiqobo ephezulu ye-chloride kunye namandla aphezulu, i-duplex 2205 ingaqwalaselwa. Kwimibhobho enamandla aphezulu kunye neendawo zevalvu, i-17-4PH ingasetyenziswa xa iimeko zokugqwala zifanelekile kwaye unyango lobushushu luchazwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokuthenga

Ngaphambi kokufaka iodolo, abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise uhlobo lwemveliso, inqanaba, umgangatho, ubungakanani, ukunyamezelana, ubude, ukugqitywa komphezulu, umgangatho wokungasebenzisi, uxwebhu lokuhlola, indlela yokupakisha kunye neshedyuli yokuhambisa. Kwimibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iimfuno ze-OD, ubukhulu bodonga, ishedyuli, uhlobo lokugqibela kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo kufuneka zicace. Kwimivalo, ukunyamezelana kobubanzi, ukuthe tye, imeko yomphezulu, unyango lobushushu kunye neemfuno zovavanyo lwe-UT kufuneka ziqinisekiswe.

Imida ye-Stainless Steel Passivation

Ukudlulisa isinyithi kuluncedo, kodwa kunemida. Akunakulungisa imingxuma enzulu, ukususa isikali se-oxide esinzima, ukulungisa umgangatho ophantsi wokuwelda, ukutshintsha umgangatho we-alloy okanye ukwandisa amandla oomatshini. Ukuba intsimbi engagqwaliyo ingcoliswe kakhulu, ikrwelwe okanye ishushu kakhulu, kunokufuneka ukucoca okongezelelweyo, ukugaya, ukuqhobosha okanye ukutshintshwa.

I-passivation ayinakwenza intsimbi engagqwaliyo ikhuseleke ngokupheleleyo ekuboleni. Uhlaselo lwe-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice, ukukhupha amanzi kakubi, ubushushu obuphezulu, i-acidic media kunye needipozithi zisenokubangela ukugqwala ukuba kukhethwe uhlobo olungalunganga. Kwiindawo ezishushu, ukhetho lwezinto kufuneka luqwalasele uhlobo olune-molybdenum olufana ne-316L, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-duplex, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-super duplex okanye i-nickel alloys kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokwenyani.

Kutheni Ufanele Ukhethe Iibhari NeePipe Zentsimbi Engagqwaliyo Ezingasetyenziswanga Ezivela Kwintsimbi Yentsimbi Yesaky?

I-Saky Steel inikezela ngeebha zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iintonga, imibhobho, iipayipi ezingenamthungo, iipayipi ezitshixiweyo, iityhubhu ezichanekileyo, iimveliso zentambo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zoshishino ezinxulumene noko kwiimarike zokuthumela ngaphandle. Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kweebha zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neepayipi, singanceda abathengi bakhethe amanqanaba afanelekileyo, siqinisekise imigangatho efanelekileyo, silungiselele amaxwebhu okuhlola kwaye sixhase iimfuno zomphezulu ezenzelwe wena.

Iingenelo zoMboneleli woKuthenga uBunjineli

Ubuchule	Iinkcukacha zeNkxaso
Ukukhetha iBanga lezinto	I-304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 347, 2205, 2507, 17-4PH kunye nezinye iintlobo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokwemiqathango yokusetyenziswa.
Uluhlu lweMveliso	Iibha ezingqukuva, iibha ezisicaba, iibha ze-hex, iipayipi ezingenamthungo, iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo, iityhubhu ze-capillary, iityhubhu ezichanekileyo, iiflanges kunye nezixhobo.
Ukulandeleka	Ulawulo lwenombolo yobushushu, EN 10204 3.1 MTC, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali kunye neerekhodi zepropathi yoomatshini.
Inkxaso yoHlolo	Uvavanyo lwe-PMI, uvavanyo lwe-UT, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic lwemibhobho kunye nenkxaso yokuhlolwa ngumntu wesithathu.
Iinketho Zomphezulu	Imnyama, iqotyiwe, ikhanya, icwebezelisiwe, ixotyulwe, iguquliwe, igutyulwe, ingasetyenziswa kwaye ilungiselelwe iimeko zomphezulu.
Ukupakisha ngaphandle	Iipayipi ezibotshelelweyo, iibhokisi zomthi, iipalethi zomthi, iikepusi zeplastiki, ukusonga okungangeni manzi kunye nokupakishwa okulungele ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga nokuPasivation kweeBhari zeNtsimbi engaGciniyo kunye neePipe

Ngaba i-passivation ithintela intsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuba ingagqwali ngokupheleleyo?

Hayi. Ukudlula komhlaba kuyayiphucula imeko yomphezulu kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala okubangelwa kukungcola kwesinyithi, kodwa intsimbi engatyiwayo isenokubola ukuba uhlobo alufanelekanga kwindawo engqongileyo okanye ukuba umphezulu uvezwe kwiikloridi ezinamandla, iiasidi, imingxunya okanye iidiphozithi.

Ingaba kuyimfuneko ukudlulisa amandla kwimibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316L?

Kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Kwizicelo zeekhemikhali, zaselwandle, zokutya, zamayeza, zezixhobo kunye nokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, i-passivation ingacelwa ukuphucula ucoceko lomphezulu emva kokuveliswa, ukuwelda, ukusika okanye umatshini.

Ngaba i-passivation ingathabatha indawo ye-pickling emva kokuwelda?

Ngokwesiqhelo akunjalo. Ukuba kukho umbala wobushushu okanye isikali se-oxide, kufuneka ukucoca nge-pickling okanye ngoomatshini ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-passivation. I-passivation isebenza kakhulu kwiindawo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezicociweyo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngaba i-passivation ichaphazela ubukhulu beebha zentsimbi engagqwaliyo?

Ukudlulisa inkunkuma ngokuqhelekileyo kunemiphumo emincinci xa kuthelekiswa nomatshini wokugaya, ukugaya okanye ukugalela kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iindawo ezichanekileyo kufuneka zichaze ukunyamezela, ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye neemfuno zokuhlolwa ngaphambi konyango.

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu ekufuneka acelwe xa uthenga intsimbi engagqwaliyo engasetyenziswanga?

Amaxwebhu aqhelekileyo aquka i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, uluhlu lweenombolo zobushushu, ingxelo ye-PMI ukuba iyafuneka, ingxelo yokuhlolwa kobukhulu, ingxelo yokungasebenzisi ukuba ichaziwe, kunye nengxelo yokuhlolwa ngumntu wesithathu xa ifunwa yiprojekthi.

Iimveliso zeNsimbi engagqwaliyo ezinxulumene noko

Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukutyibilika okanye iindawo ezicocekileyo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, abathengi banokuqwalasela nombhobho ongenamthungo wentsimbi engagqwaliyo, umbhobho odibeneyo wentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ibha ejikelezileyo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ibha ethe tyaba yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ityhubhu ye-capillary yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ityhubhu echanekileyo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iflange yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ukufakwa kombhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nezinto zomngxuma wentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Ezi mveliso zinokubonelelwa ngamabakala ahlukeneyo, imigangatho, ubungakanani kunye neemeko zomphezulu ngokwemizobo yeprojekthi okanye iinkcukacha zokuthenga.

Isiphelo

Ukufakelwa kwe-passivation kwi-stainless steel bar kunye neepayipi lunyango olubalulekileyo lomphezulu lokuphucula ucoceko, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwentsimbi olukhululekileyo kunye nokuxhasa ukumelana nokugqwala kwizicelo ezifunwayo zoshishino. Ayisiyongubo kwaye ayitshintshi i-alloy esisiseko okanye iipropati zoomatshini, kodwa inokunciphisa kakhulu iingxaki zokugqwala komphezulu ezinokuphepheka ezibangelwa kungcoliseko lokucubungula.

Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, ukudluliswa kwemveliso kufuneka kudityaniswe nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kwe-stainless steel grade, imigangatho yemveliso efanelekileyo, ukulandeleka kwenani lobushushu okuthembekileyo, i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC, uvavanyo lwe-PMI xa kufuneka, ukupakisha okufanelekileyo kunye nonxibelelwano olucacileyo phakathi komthengi kunye nomthengisi. Nokuba le projekthi ibandakanya umbhobho we-stainless steel ongu-304, umbhobho ongenamthungo ongu-316L, ibha ye-duplex engu-2205 okanye izinto ze-stainless steel ezichanekileyo, ukucacisa ukudluliswa kwemveliso ngokuchanekileyo kunokuphucula ukuthembeka kokuthengwa kunye nokusebenza kwenkonzo yexesha elide.

Ubizo Lokwenza Isenzo