He aha ke kila ʻaʻole magnetic?

Ke noʻonoʻo ka poʻe i ke kila, manaʻo pinepine lākou i kahi metala ikaika a magnetic. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole magnetic nā kila āpau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano kila—ʻoi aku hoʻi nā papa kikoʻī o ke kila kila—no ka nonmagnetic a i ʻole he magnetic iki wale nō. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kumu e hoʻolilo ai i kekahi mau kila i nonmagnetic no nā ʻenekinia, nā mea hoʻolālā, a me nā mea hana e hana ana i nā ʻoihana e like me ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā lako lapaʻau, nā noi moana, a me nā mea uila.

Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano kila nonmagnetic, no ke aha lākou e hana ai pēlā, a ma hea lākou e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi o nā kila kila kiʻekiʻe,SAKYSTEELhāʻawi i ka ʻike loea hohonu a me nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe no nā koi kila nonmagnetic āpau.

1. He aha ka manaʻo o ke "Kila ʻAʻole Magnetic"?

Ke kila ʻaʻole magneticpili i nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻaʻole i hōʻike i ka huki magnetic ikaika. Ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻepekema, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou heʻausteniticnā kila ma muli o ko lākou ʻano kristal kikoʻī, i ʻike ʻia ʻocubic maka-kikowaena (FCC)ʻAʻole ʻae kēia ʻano hana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻāpana magnetic, ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i ke kila i nonmagnetic.

Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he hiki i kekahi mau kila ke lilo iki i mea makeneka ma hope o ka hana anu a i ʻole ka kuʻi ʻana, akā mālama mau lākou i ka magnetism nāwaliwali loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila ferritic a martensitic paha.

2. ʻO ka ʻepekema ma hope o ka Magnetism i loko o ke kila

ʻO ke ʻano magnetism i loko o ke kila e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i kona microstructure. ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o nā microstructures kila kila:

• Austenitic (ʻAʻole magnetic)– ʻAno cubic i waenakonu o ka maka; loaʻa ka nui o ka nickel a me ka chromium; nonmagnetic i ke kūlana annealed.

• Ferritic (Makeneka)– ʻAno cubic i waenakonu o ke kino; loaʻa ka chromium akā ʻaʻohe nickel; ikaika ka magnetic.

• Martensitic (Makeneka)– Kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke kalapona a me ka chromium; magnetic a hiki ke paʻakikī ʻia e ka mālama wela.

ʻO ka nickel ke kumu o nā waiwai nonmagnetic o nā kila kila Austenitic, ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka ʻano FCC a pale i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pae ferrite magnetic a i ʻole martensite.

3. Nā kila maʻamau ʻaʻole magnetic

A. Nā kila kila Austenitic

ʻO kēia nā kila nonmagnetic i hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻO nā papa koʻikoʻi:

• 304 Kila Kuʻihao (UNS S30400)
  ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ke kila kila maʻamau, loaʻa i ka 304 he 18% chromium a me 8% nickel. ʻAʻole ia he magnetic i ke kūlana annealed akā hiki ke lilo iki i magnetic ma hope o ka hana anu nui.

• 316 ʻAi ʻole (UNS S31600)
  Loaʻa ka molybdenum no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahi kai a me nā kemika. Makemake ʻia ia ma kahi e pono ai ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala a me ke ʻano nonmagnetic.

• 310 a me 321 mau kila kila
  ʻAʻole hoʻi he magnetic kēia mau māka a ua hoʻolālā ʻia no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​noi kūpaʻa i ka oxidation.

• 904L Kila Kuʻihao (UNS N08904)
  He papa austenitic super me ka nickel kiʻekiʻe (24-26%) a me ka molybdenum (4-5%), e lilo ia i nonmagnetic ʻoiai ma hope o ka hana ʻana.

4. No ke aha e hoʻohana ai i ke kila nonmagnetic?

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā kila nonmagnetic i nā ʻoihana kahi e hopohopo nui ai ka hoʻopilikia magnetic, ka pala, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO nā pono e komo pū me:

• Ka Permeability Magnetic Haʻahaʻa:Kāohi i ka hoʻopilikia magnetic i nā lako uila a mea ana paha koʻikoʻi.

• Kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka palaho:Kūpono no nā hana kai, kemika, a me nā hana lapaʻau.

• Ka maʻemaʻe:ʻO ka ʻili laumania a nonporous e pale aku ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka bacteria—kūpono no nā ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

• Ka Paʻa a me ka Ikaika:Mālama i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe ʻoiai i nā mahana cryogenic.

5. Nā Hoʻohana o nā Kila Kinoea ʻAʻole Magnetic

Ma muli o ko lākou hui pū ʻana o nā waiwai, hoʻohana ʻia nā kila nonmagnetic i:

A. Nā Lako Lapaʻau a me nā Lako Hana Keʻena

Hoʻohana ʻia nā kila kila ʻole magnetic no nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki, nā ʻāpana scanner MRI, a me nā lako haukapila no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia me nā kahua magnetic.

B. Nā Hana Kai a me nā Hana Ma waho o ke Kai

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kila kila 316 a me 904L no nā ʻāpana moku, nā ʻau propeller, a me nā kahua ma waho o ke kai, e hāʻawi ana i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pala o ka wai kai a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka magnetism.

C. ʻOihana Hana Meaʻai a me ka Mea Inu

ʻO nā māka Austenitic e like me 304 a me 316 e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe, ke olakino, a me ke kū'ē ʻana i nā waikawa a me nā paʻakai i loaʻa i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai.

D. Nā Hana Aerospace a me ka Pale Kaua

He mea koʻikoʻi nā waiwai nonmagnetic i nā hale mea hana a me nā ʻāpana mokulele, kahi e hiki ai i ka hoʻopilikia magnetic ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana.

E. Nā ʻōnaehana uila a me Cryogenic

Mālama nā kila Austenitic i ke kūpaʻa i ke anu nui a ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia i nā mea ʻike magnetic, e kūpono ai lākou no nā pahu mālama cryogenic a me nā mea hana pololei.

6. Nā mea e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka Magnetism i loko o ke kila kila

Hiki i nā kila nonmagnetic ke hoʻomohala i ka magnetism iki ma muli o:

• Hana Anu (Hoʻokumu ʻana, Kulou ʻana, a i ʻole ka ʻōwili ʻana):Hiki i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical ke hoʻololi hapa i ka martensite, e hoʻonui iki ana i ka magnetism.

• Kuʻihao:Hiki i nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela ke hoʻolauna i ka ferrite, e alakaʻi ana i ka magnetism kūloko.

• Nā ʻokoʻa o ka haku mele ʻana:ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka nickel e hōʻemi paha i ke kūpaʻa austenitic, e hoʻonui ana i ka pilikia o ka pane magnetic.

No ka mālama ʻana i nā waiwai nonmagnetic, pono nā mea hana e kāohi pono i ka haku mele ʻana o ka metala a me nā kūlana hana.

7. Pehea e hoʻāʻo ai inā ʻaʻole he kila ka hao

ʻO kahi ala maʻalahi e hoʻāʻo ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi magnet liʻiliʻi. E kau kokoke i ka ʻili kila:

• Inā aiaʻaʻohe mea hoihoi, he nonmagnetic (austenitic) ia.

• Inā iapaʻa iki, loaʻa paha iā ia kekahi mau pae ferritic a martensitic paha ma muli o ka hana anu.

• Inā iapaʻa ikaika, he magnetic (ferritic a martensitic paha).

Hiki i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua ʻoihana ke ana pololei i ka permeability magnetic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā.

8. Hoʻohālikelike ma waena o nā kila Magnetic a me nā kila Nonmagnetic