Simbi Isina Magneti Chii?

Vanhu pavanofunga nezvesimbi, vanowanzo fungidzira simbi yakasimba uye ine magineti. Zvisinei, hadzisi dzese simbi dzine magineti. Kutaura zvazviri, mamwe marudzi esimbi—kunyanya mhando dzakatarwa dzesimbi isina magineti—anozivikanwa nekusashandisa magineti kana kuti ane magineti zvishoma chete. Kunzwisisa chinoita kuti mamwe magineti asashandise magineti kwakakosha kune mainjiniya, vagadziri, nevagadziri vanoshanda mumaindasitiri akadai sekugadzira chikafu, zvishandiso zvekurapa, mashandisirwo emugungwa, uye zvemagetsi.

Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kuti ndeapi marudzi esimbi asina magineti, nei achiita saizvozvo, uye kuti anoshandiswa kupi. Semutengesi akavimbika wesimbi dzisina ngura dzepamusoro,SAKYSTELinopa hunyanzvi hwakadzama hwehunyanzvi uye zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvinodiwa nesimbi isina magineti.

1. Zvinorevei kuti "Simbi Isina Magneti"?

Simbi isina maginetizvinoreva alloys dzisingaratidzi kukwezva kwakasimba kwemagineti. Mukutaura kwesainzi, dzinoiswa muzvikamu seausteniticsimbi nekuda kwechimiro chadzo chekristaro, chinozivikanwa secubic iri pakati pechiso (FCC)Chimiro ichi hachibvumiri kurongeka kwema magnetic domains, izvo zvinoita kuti simbi ive isina magineti zvachose.

Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mamwe masimbi anogona kuita magineti zvishoma mushure mekushanda kana kusveta, asi achiri kuramba aine magineti asina simba kana tichienzanisa nesimbi dzeferritic kana martensitic.

2. Sainzi Iri Kuseri Kwesimba reMagineti muSimbi

Simba remagineti musimbi rinonyanya kuenderana nechimiro chayo. Kune mhando nhatu huru dzezvimiro zvesimbi isina ngura:

• Austenitic (Isina magineti)- Chimiro che cubic chiri pakati pechiso; chine huwandu hwakawanda hwe nickel ne chromium; isina simba remagineti iri mumamiriro ekunamirwa.

• Ferritic (Magineti)- Chimiro che cubic chiri pakati pemuviri; chine chromium asi nickel shoma kana kuti hapana; chine simba remagineti.

• Martensitic (Magineti)– Kabhoni yakawanda uye chromium; ine simba remagineti uye inoomeswa nekupisa.

Simbi dzisina ngura dzeAustenitic dzine hunhu hwadzo husina magnetic nekuda kwe nickel, iyo inosimbisa chimiro cheFCC uye inodzivirira kuumbwa kwe magnetic ferrite kana martensite phases.

3. Simbi Dzisiri Dzemagineti Dzinowanzo shandiswa

A. Simbi Dzisina Kusimba dzeAustenitic

Idzi ndidzo simbi dzisina magineti dzinonyanya kushandiswa. Magiredhi akakosha anosanganisira:

• 304 Simbi Isina Kushanda (UNS S30400)
  Inozivikanwa sesimbi isingasvibi simbi inonyanya kushandiswa, 304 ine 18% chromium uye 8% nickel. Haina simba remagineti kana yaiswa mu annealed asi inogona kuita magnetic zvishoma mushure mekushanda zvakanyanya.

• 316 Stainless Simbi (UNS S31600)
  Ine molybdenum yekuvandudza kusimba kwengura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemugungwa nedzemakemikari. Inonyanya kufarirwa uko kusimba kwengura uye kusimba kwesimba remagetsi kunodiwa.

• Simbi Dzisina Kusimba 310 ne321
  Magiredhi aya haasi emagetsi uye akagadzirirwa kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya kana kuti kusingaoxidized.

• Simbi Isina Kugayiwa ye904L (UNS N08904)
  Giredhi re super austenitic rine nickel yakakwira (24–26%) uye molybdenum (4–5%), zvichiita kuti isashande kana yagadzirwa.

4. Sei Uchifanira Kushandisa Simbi Isina Magneti?

Simbi dzisiri dzemagineti dzinoshanda basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri uko kukanganiswa kwemagineti, ngura, uye hutsanana zviri zvinhu zvikuru zvinonetsa. Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira:

• Kubvumidzwa Kwakaderera kweMagineti:Inodzivirira kukanganiswa kwemagineti mumidziyo yemagetsi kana yekuyera inonzwisisika.

• Kuramba Kuora Kwakanaka:Yakanakira kushandiswa mugungwa, makemikari, uye mune zvehutano.

• Kuchena:Nzvimbo yakatsetseka, isina maburi inodzivirira kuungana kwemabhakitiriya—yakanakira maindasitiri ezvekudya nemishonga.

• Kugara kwenguva refu uye Simba:Inochengetedza kusimba kwakanyanya kunyangwe pakupisa kwe cryogenic.

5. Mashandisirwo eSimbi Dzisina Magneti

Nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwavo kwakasiyana kwezvinhu, simbi dzisiri dzemagnetic dzinoshandiswa mu:

A. Midziyo yekurapa neyemurabhoritari

Simbi dzisina simba dzinoshandiswa nemagnetic pakushandisa maturusi ekuvhiya, MRI scanner components, uye fenicha yemuchipatara nekuti hadzikanganisi simba remagnetic.

B. Zvivako zveMarine neMhiri kweGungwa

Simbi dzisina ngura dze316 ne904L dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pazvikamu zvengarava, mapropeller shafts, uye mapuratifomu ekunze, zvichidzivirira ngura yemvura yegungwa uye simba remagineti shoma.

C. Indasitiri yeKugadzira Chikafu neZvinwiwa

Magiredhi eAustenitic akadai se304 ne316 anovimbisa kuchena, hutsanana, uye kuramba maacid nemunyu zvinowanikwa mukugadzirwa kwechikafu.

D. Zvikumbiro zveNdege neDziviriro

Hunhu husina simba remagineti hwakakosha mudzimba dzemidziyo uye zvikamu zvendege, uko kupindira kwemagineti kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro.

E. Masisitimu emagetsi uye eCryogenic

Simbi dzeAustenitic dzinochengetedza kugadzikana kana kuchitonhora zvakanyanya uye hadzikanganisi masensa emagineti, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakakodzera matangi ekuchengetera cryogenic uye michina yekunyatsogadzirisa.

6. Zvinhu Zvinogona Kukanganisa Magnetism muSimbi Isina Stainless

Kunyangwe simbi dzisiri dzemagineti dzinogona kukura magnetism shoma nekuda kwe:

• Kushanda Nechando (Kugadzira, Kukombama, kana Kutenderedza):Kushushikana kwemuchina kunogona kukonzera shanduko shoma kuita martensite, zvichiwedzera simba remagineti zvishoma.

• Kushongedza:Nzvimbo dzinenge dzichikanganiswa nekupisa dzinogona kukonzera ferrite, zvichikonzera kuti magnetism ibude munzvimbo iyoyo.

• Kusiyana kweKuumbwa:Kuderera kwehuwandu hwe nickel kunogona kuderedza kugadzikana kwe austenitic, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekupindura kwemagineti.

Kuti vagadziri varambe vaine hunhu husina simba remagineti, vanofanira kunyatsoongorora mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwe alloy uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa.

7. Maitiro Ekuedza Kana Simbi Isina Magneti

Nzira iri nyore yekuedza ndeyekushandisa magineti diki. Isa pedyo nesimbi pamusoro:

• Kana painehapana chinokwezva, haisi yemagineti (austenitic).

• Kana zvikadaronamatira zvishoma, inogona kunge iine mamwe matanho eferritic kana martensitic nekuda kwebasa rekutonhora.

• Kana zvikadaronamatira zvakasimba, ine simba remagineti (ferritic kana martensitic).

Marabhoritari ehunyanzvi anogona kuyera kubvumidzwa kwemagineti zvakanyatsonaka achishandisa zvishandiso zvine hunyanzvi.

8. Kuenzanisa Pakati Pesimbi Dzine Magnetic Nedzisiri Magnetic