I roto i te hanganga moana o te ao, me whakarato te maitai hanga kaipuke i te kaha pono, te pakari, me te ātete roa ki ngā taiao taiwhenua uaua. Ko te tutuki i ngā paerewa e mōhiotia ana o te ao he mea nui ki te whakatau mena ka taea te whakamahi haumaru i te pereti maitai i roto i ngā waka, ngā papa, ngā hanganga taiwhenua, me ngā taputapu moana nui. Kei roto i ngā whakatakotoranga tino nui me te whānui o te tohutoro i roto i te umanga moana koASTM A131meEN 10025. E tautuhi ana ēnei paerewa e rua i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, ngā rohe hanganga matū, ngā whakaritenga maimoatanga wera, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau e whakarite ana ka taea e ngā rauemi maitai te tu atu i ngā kawenga nui i te moana.
I te mea kei te haere tonu te whānui o te rāngai moana ki ngā kaipuke nunui, ki ngā kaupapa hohonu ake i tai, me te kaha ake o te tutuki i ngā ture, kei te rapu haere ngā kamupene hanga kaipuke me ngā kamupene miihini i ngā kaiwhakarato e taea ai te whakatutuki i ngā pūnaha paerewa o Amerika me Ūropi. He maha hoki ngā kaihoko o te ao e pai ake ana ki te mahi tahi me ngā kaihanga pēnei i asakysteel, e pupuri ana i te kounga ōrite me te tiwhikete pumau puta noa i ngā paerewa ASTM me EN. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he whakamārama hōhonu mō te tutuki o te maitai hanga kaipuke ki te ASTM A131 me te EN 10025, te hiranga o ngā paerewa e rua, me te take e hira ake ai te kaha paerewa-rua i roto i te mekameka tuku o te ao.
Tirohanga Whānui o ngā Whakaritenga Paerewa ASTM A131
Ko te ASTM A131 te whakatakotoranga matua mō te maitai hanganga e whakamahia ana i roto i tete hanganga o ngā kaipuke me ngā taputapu moanaE kapi ana i ētahi taumata, tae atu ki te kaha paerewa (A, B, D), te kaha teitei ake (AH32, DH32, EH32, AH36, DH36, EH36), tae atu ki ngā momo kaha teitei ake mō ngā wāhanga motuhake o te anga waka.
Ngā Whakaritenga Matua o te ASTM A131
-
Te ōritetanga o te hanganga matū
E whakamārama ana te ASTM A131 i ngā taumata waro, konupūmā, silicon, whanariki, me te whākōkī kua whakahaeretia. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā huānga whakakoi-iti pēnei i te niobium, te vanadium, me te titanium hei whakamahine i te witi. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei herenga te pakarukaru, ka whakapai ake hoki i te pakari me te āheinga whakarewa o te maitai. -
Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini
Kua tautuhia mārama te kaha tuku, te kaha kume, me te roa mō ia taumata. Me tutuki i ngā taumata kaha teitei ake pērā i te AH36 ngā whāinga pakari kia mau ai te ātete o te anga i raro i ngā pānga o te ngaru nui, i ngā kawenga hihiri rānei. -
Whakamātautau Pakari Pānga
Ko te nuinga o ngā maitai moana e hiahiatia ana he whakamātautau Charpy V-Notch i ngā pāmahana iti. Ko ngā momo pēnei i te DH36 me te EH36 he kaha haere tonu ngā whakaritenga pakari hei tautoko i ngā mahi āhuarangi makariri, ngā huarahi Arctic, me ngā hanganga tai. -
Ngā Tikanga Tukunga
I runga i te momo, ka tukuna pea te maitai i roto i te āhua kua hurihia, kua hurihia-whakahaeretia, kua tukatukahia rānei e te mīhini wera (TMCP). Ka whakarei ake te TMCP i ngā ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā hoahoa anga mahi-teitei o ēnei rā. -
Te Āheinga Whakarewa me te Hanganga
Me mau tonu te mahi ā-mīhini a te maitai ASTM A131 i muri i te whakarewa, te tapahi, te hanga rānei. He mea nui te āheinga whakarewa kia mau tonu te hanganga o ngā hononga o te anga i te wā roa o te mahi.
Te Mārama ki ngā Whakaritenga Paerewa EN 10025
Ko te EN 10025 he paerewa Pākehā e whakaatu ana i ngā maitai hanganga mō ngā tono whānui me ngā tono moana. Ahakoa ehara i te mea mō te hanga kaipuke anake, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hanganga moana, ngā papaaho moana, ngā kōwae raro moana, me ngā anga tautoko.
Ko ngā papa whenua e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko S235, S275, S355, S420, me S460, me ētahi atu momo whakamātautau pānga (JR, J0, J2, N, NL). Mō ngā tono ki tai, ka whakahuatia pinepinetia te EN 10025-3, EN 10025-4, me te EN 10025-6.
Ngā Whakaritenga Matua o te EN 10025
-
Whakarōpūtanga mā te Kaha Mīhini
Ko ngā momo EN ka whakarōpūtia e te kaha whakaputa iti rawa. Hei tauira, ko te hua whakaputa iti rawa o te maitai S355 he 355 MPa, ā, he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhanga kaipuke, ngā kerēne, me ngā hanganga tautoko. -
Ngā Tohu Pānga Kōwhiringa
He rerekē ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau pānga a JR, J0, me J2. Ko te J2 te ātete teitei rawa atu ki te pakarukaru, ā, he pai mō te ratonga moana pāmahana iti. -
Ngā Tikanga Whakaōrite me ngā Tikanga TMCP
Mā te EN 10025 ka taea te whakataurite me te tukatuka wera-mīhini hei whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti o roto me te whakarei ake i te manawanui i raro i ngā āhuatanga moana hihiri. -
Ngā Mana Whakahaere Ahu me te Manawanui Tino
Kei roto i ngā paerewa Pākehā ngā whakaritenga taipitopito mō te matotoru, te whānui, te papatahi, me te kounga o te taha, kia tika ai te mahi i te wā e hangaia ana te kaipuke. -
Te Tohu CE me te Whai Aroturuki
Ko ngā rauemi i raro i te EN 10025 me whai i ngā āhuatanga katoa mai i te hanga maitai ki te tukunga whakamutunga. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā rōpū whakarōpū me ngā arotake kounga o ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke.
He aha i Me Whakatutuki ngā Papa Hanga kaipuke i ngā Ture ASTM A131 me EN 10025
I roto i te mākete hanga kaipuke o te ao o nāianei, kei te mahi ngā kaipupuri kaipuke me ngā kaimahi miihini puta noa i ngā mana whakahaere maha. Tērā pea ka whakamanahia he kaipuke i hangaia ki Āhia ki Ūropi, ā, muri iho ka tiakina ki Amerika. Nā tēnei ka nui ake te hiahia mō ngā rauemi e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ASTM me EN.
1. Hototahitanga Paerewa Ao
He maha ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke e tuku tono ana mō ngā kaupapa puta noa i te ao. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa e rua ka whakakorea ngā taupatupatu hoahoa, ā, ka māmā ake te whakaaetanga a te rōpū whakarōpū.
2. Te Haumaru me te Pono Hanganga kua Whakapai ake
Mā te ASTM A131 e whakarite te pai mō ngā wāhanga nui o te anga waka, ā, mā te EN 10025 e tautoko ngā mema hanganga, ngā papaaho, me ngā wāhanga whakapakari. Mā te mahi tahi, ka hangaia he anga hanganga whānui mō ngā whakaritenga ture.
3. Ngā Mahi Whakahaere me te Hokonga kua Whakamāmāhia
Mā te kaiwhakarato e pupuri ana i ngā taonga e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa e rua ka āwhina i ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke ki te whakaiti i te wā hoko me te karo i ngā take taurite kore o ngā rauemi i waenga i ngā mōkihi hoahoa rerekē.
4. Rongonui Nui ake i ngā Mākete o te Ao
Ko te hanganga ture mō ngā paerewa takirua e tohu ana i te kaha hanga o te kaiwhakarato, te āheinga whakapūmau kounga, me te rite ki te tautoko i ngā kaupapa moana uaua.
Ngā kaiwhakarato pēnei isakysteelhe maha ngā wā e pupuri ana i ngā tuhinga ASTM me EN katoa, tae atu ki ngā MTC e ai ki te EN 10204 3.1, e whakarato ana i te whakapono ki ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke, ki ngā rōpū whakarōpū, me ngā miihini EPC.
Ngā Rerekētanga Matua i waenganui i te ASTM A131 me te EN 10025
Ahakoa e whakamahia ana ngā paerewa e rua mō ngā tono hanganga, he maha ngā rerekētanga nui:
1. Arotahi ki te Taupānga
He mea motuhake ki te moana te ASTM A131, engari he whānui ake te EN 10025, ā, e whakamahia ana mō ngā hanganga o uta me tai.
2. Te Whakarōpūtanga o te Pakari Pānga
Ka whakamahia e ASTM ngā kāwai A/B/D/E, ko EN ia ka whakamahi i ngā momo JR/J0/J2, NL rānei me ngā pāmahana pānga kua tautuhia tika.
3. Ngā Taumata Kaha
E tautuhia ana e te ASTM A131 ngā kāwai kaha mā roto i te A, B, D, AH36, DH36, EH36.
E whakamahia ana e te EN 10025 ngā kupu S235, S275, S355, S420, S460 me ētahi atu kupu whakamutunga.
4. Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau
Me whakamātautau te kume me te pānga mō ēnei e rua, engari he rerekē ngā paearu whakaae i runga i te whanaketanga hītori o ia paerewa.
5. Tukunga me te Maimoatanga Wera
He mahi nui tā TMCP i roto i ngā pūnaha e rua, engari kei roto i ngā paerewa EN ētahi atu kōwhiringa kua whakatauritea me ngā kōwhiringa kua whakatauritea.
Te Whakapūmau a ngā Kaihanga i te Tutukitanga
Ko te hanga maitai e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te ASTM A131 me te EN 10025 me mātua whakahaere tika i ia wāhanga o te hanga.
1. Te Whakahaere Rauemi Mata
Mā te whakakotahitanga tika ka noho tonu te waro, te whanariki, te whākōkī me ngā huānga iti ki roto i ngā rohe e whakaaetia ana.
2. Hangarau Tukanga
Mā te hangarau TMCP, te hurihuri whakahaere, me ngā pūnaha whakarewanga tonu hou ka ōrite te kaha me te pakari.
3. Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro
Mā te tirotiro UT, RT, ET, me te mata e whakarite kia kore he hapa o roto, o te mata hoki o te pereti.
4. Whakamātautau Mīhini
Ka whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau kume, pānga, pakeke, me te āheinga whakarewa i ia puranga hei manatoko i te hanganga.
5. Tiwhikete me te Aroturukitanga
Mā ngā tuhinga pēnei i ngā MTC, te tohu CE, me te whakaaetanga a te rōpū whakarōpūtanga (ABS, DNV, LR, BV) e whakaū te tutuki i ngā paerewa.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Rino ASTM A131 me te EN 10025 i roto i ngā Taiao Moana
E whakamahia ana ēnei paerewa i roto i ngā momo waahanga kaipuke me ngā waahanga takutai moana:
-
Ngā hanganga o te anga
-
Ngā papa me ngā ārai
-
Ngā kerēne, ngā tārai, me ngā anga tautoko
-
Ngā waewae me ngā kōwae o te papaaho takutai moana
-
Ngā kaipuke ipu, ngā kaipuke tāke, me ngā kaipuke kawe nui
-
Ngā waka akomanga hukapapa me ngā rawa o waho o te moana o Arctic
-
Ngā taputapu moana me ngā whakapakari hanganga
Mā te whakamahi i te maitai e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ka roa te haumaru, ka whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te waka.
Ngā Painga o te Whakamahi i te Rino Paerewa-Rua
-
Te whakanui ake i te whakaae ā-ao
-
He pai ake te pumau o te mahi
-
Te haumaru kua whakapaitia i te wā o te huarere kino
-
Taumaha hanganga kua arotauhia
-
Te iti o te mōrearea hangahanga
-
Te uara hoko anō nui ake o te kaipuke
-
Te hangarau me te tiwhikete māmā
Whakamutunga
Te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritengaASTM A131meEN 10025kua noho hei whakaritenga matua i roto i te umanga hanga kaipuke o ēnei rā. Mā ēnei paerewa ka tutuki i ngā rauemi maitai ngā whakaritenga miihini, matū, me te haumaru e tika ana mō ngā taiao moana. I te mea e whai ana ngā whare hanga kaipuke ki te hanga kaipuke whai hua ake, haumaru ake, me te pakari ake, kei te tipu haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā kaihanga e kaha ana ki te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa e rua i te wā kotahi. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato pono pēnei i a sakysteel e whakarato ana i ngā rauemi me te whai i ngā whakaritenga katoa, te ōritetanga teitei, me te tiwhikete ā-ao, kia taea ai e ngā kaihanga kaipuke te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kaupapa e hiahiatia ana. Me ngā ture moana ā-ao e kaha ake ana me ngā whanaketanga takutai moana e uaua haere ana, ka noho tonu te maitai hanga kaipuke paerewa-rua hei pou nui o te hangarau moana hou.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 14-2025