He aha te Whakapakari Ua o te Kowiri tira?

Ko te maitai kore waikura whakapakeke ua, e mōhiotia ana ko te maitai kore waikura PH, he kāwai motuhake o te maitai kore waikura e tutuki ana te kaha teitei mā te tukanga maimoatanga wera ahurei e kiia nei ko te whakapakeketanga ua. Ka whakapai ake tēnei tukanga i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te kore e whakararu i te ātete ki te waikura, ka waiho ngā maitai kore waikura PH hei whiringa pai i roto i ngā ahumahi uaua pēnei i te rererangi, te matū hinu, te moana, me te tiaki whenua.

Ka whakakotahihia e tēnei momo maitai kore waikura te ātete ki te waikura o ngā momo maitai kore waikura austenitic me te kaha me te pakeke ka taea te hipa atu i te maha o ngā maitai waro kaha-teitei. Ko te hua he koranu maha-whakamahinga e tuku ana i te pakari, te mahi, me te roa o te ora ratonga i roto i ngā taiao kaha.

Te Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakapakari i te Ua

Ko te whakapakeketanga o te ua he maimoatanga wera whakarewa e whakanui ana i te kaha whakaputa o ngā rauemi ngohengohe, tae atu ki te maitai kore waikura, te konumohe, me ngā koranu e hangai ana ki te nikara. I roto i ngā maitai kore waikura PH, e toru ngā taahiraa matua o tēnei tukanga:

1. Te Maimoatanga Rongoā– Ka whakamahanatia te koranu ki te pāmahana teitei hei whakarewa i ngā huānga koranu hei wairewa totoka.

2. Te tinei– Mā te whakamatao tere ka maukati ngā huānga whakarewa ki te wāhi tika, ka ārai i te hanganga o ngā āhua kāore e hiahiatia.

3. Te koroheketanga (Te ua)– Mā te whakamahana anō kua whakahaeretia ka taea e ngā matūriki angiangi, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā pūhui, te hanga i roto i te hanganga moroiti, ka aukati i te nekehanga o te nekehanga me te whakanui ake i te kaha.

Ka mahi ngā matūriki angiangi hei arai i te nekehanga o te rauemi, ka whakanui ake i te pakeke me te kaha kume o te rauemi, me te pupuri tonu i ōna āhuatanga ātete ki te waikura.

Ngā Momo Noa o te Whakapakari Ua Te Whakapakari Kowiri tira

He maha ngā momo maitai kore waikura PH e wātea ana, he rerekē te hanganga, ngā āhuatanga miihini, me ngā whakamahinga o ia momo. Ko ngā mea tino noa ko:

• 17-4PH (UNS S17400)– Kei roto tata ki te 17% te konukōmiuma me te 4% te nikara me ngā tāpiringa parahi. He kaha teitei, he pakari pai, ā, he ātete pai ki te waikura i roto i ngā āhuatanga kua whakapakeketia me ngā āhuatanga kua tawhito.

• 15-5PH (UNS S15500)– He rite ki te 17-4PH engari he pakari ake, ā, he pai ake hoki ngā āhuatanga miihini whakawhiti.

• 17-7PH (UNS S17700)– E mōhiotia ana mō tōna ngāwari ki te hanga i roto i te āhua whakamahana me tōna kaha teitei i muri i te whakapakeketanga o te ua.

• 13-8Mo (UNS S13800)– He tino pakari, he ātete ki te waikura, he kaha hoki, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi rererangi me te karihi.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o ngā Maitai Kowiri tira PH

1. Te Kaha Teitei– Ka taea te whakatutuki i te kaha kume neke atu i te 1000 MPa i muri i te maimoatanga wera.

2. Ātete Pai rawa atu ki te Waikura– Ka rite ki te maitai kore waikura 304, 316 rānei i roto i ngā taiao maha.

3. Te Pakari Pai– Ka mau tonu te ātete ki te pānga ahakoa ngā taumata pakeke rawa.

4. Te Pūmautanga o te Ahu– He iti noa te hē i te wā e whakapakeketia ana, e pai ai mō ngā wāhanga tino tika.

5. Ātete Kakahu– He pai mō ngā mahi e pāngia ana e te waku me te karawarawa.

Te Tukanga Maimoatanga Wera me te Taipitopito

Ka taea te whakarite i te tukanga maimoatanga wera mō ngā maitai kore waikura PH kia tutuki ai ngā taumata kaha me te pakari motuhake.

1. Te Whakamahana Otinga– Te whakamahana ki te 1020–1060°C hei whakarewa i ngā huānga whakarewa kia puta he wairewa totoka ōrite.

2. Whakamatao Tere (Whakamātao)– I te nuinga o te wā ka tineia te hau, te hinu rānei hei pupuri i te wai mārō.

3. Te koroheketanga (Te ua)– Te whakamahana anō ki ngā pāmahana i waenga i te 480–620°C mō tētahi wā kua tohua, kia puta ai ngā matūriki pēnei i ngā pūhui parahi, ngā āhua whakarewa rānei.

Mā te whakarerekē i te pāmahana me te wā pakeketanga, ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te whakatikatika i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha. Hei tauira, ko te pakeketanga i ngā pāmahana iti ka puta te mārō rawa, engari ko te pāmahana pakeketanga teitei ka piki ake te pakari.

Ngā Whakamahinga o te Whakapakari Ua Te Kowiri tira

E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā maitai kowiri tira PH puta noa i ngā rāngai maha nā ō rātou āhuatanga taurite.

• Ahumahi Rererangi– Ngā wāhanga hanganga, ngā wāhanga taputapu taunga, me ngā wāhanga miihini e hiahia ana ki te ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha teitei.

• Ahumahi Moana– Ngā pou porotiti, ngā here, me ētahi atu wāhanga e pāngia ana e te wai moana.

• Hinu me te Hau– Ngā wāhanga takirere, ngā toki papu, me ngā taputapu poka raro me tu atu ki te pēhanga teitei me ngā taiao waikura.

• Te Tukatuka Matū– Ngā oko tauhohenga, ngā whakaranu, me ngā taputapu e hiahia ana kia ātete ki ngā matū waikura.

• Te Parepare me ngā Pū– Ngā oko pū, ngā poraka taratara, me ētahi atu wāhanga taumahatanga nui.

• Ngā Pūrere Hauora– Ngā taputapu pokanga, ngā taputapu wheua, me ngā tāpiringa e hiahia ana kia kaha me te hototahi ki te koiora.

Ngā Painga o te Whakamahi i ngā Maitai Kowiri tira PH

1. Kaha e rite ana ki ngā maitai koranu– He rite, he nui ake rānei te kaha o ngā maitai kowiri tira PH i te kaha o ngā maitai koranu, engari he pai ake te ātete ki te waikura.

2. Ngā Utu Tiaki kua Whakaitihia– Nā te tino ātete ki te waikura, ka iti ake te hiahia mō ngā paninga tiaki, me te whakakapi pinepine rānei.

3. Ngā Otinga Māmā– Mā te kaha nui ka taea te whakaiti i te matotoru whakawhiti-wāhanga, ka whakaiti i te taumaha me te kore e whakararu i te mahi.

4. Ngā Mahi Whānui i roto i te Hanga– Ka taea te mīhini i roto i te āhua whakamahana, kātahi ka whakapakeketia i muri mai.

5. Te Ora Ratonga Roa– Ka mau tonu ngā rawa i roto i te wā, ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao uaua.

Ngā Here me ngā Whakaaroaro

Ahakoa ō rātou painga, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki ō ngā maitai kore waikura PH:

• Utu– He nui ake te utu i ngā maitai kore waikura paerewa.

• Ngā Herenga o te Mahana– Ka memeha te kaha i ngā pāmahana roa neke atu i te 300°C.

• Āheitanga whakarewa– Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakarewanga mō ētahi momo hei whakaora i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha.

Te Whakataurite ki ngā Rino Kowiri tira Austenitic me Martensitic