Ipleyiti ye-ASTM A240 Stainless Steel: Amanqanaba, Ukugqitywa kunye noVavanyo

Ipleyiti ye-ASTM A240 Stainless Steel: Amanqanaba, Ukugqitywa kunye noVavanyo

Intshayelelo

Ipleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-ASTM A240yinto engenasici egoqwe ngokusicaba enikwe phantsi kweenkcukacha ezilawula ukubekwa kwenqanaba, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini zepleyiti egqunyiweyo, ishiti kunye nomcu. Isetyenziselwa izitya zoxinzelelo, iitanki, izixhobo zenkqubo, izinto zokwakha kunye nokwenziwa ngokubanzi. Abathengi kufuneka bachaze ukubekwa kwenqanaba ngqo, ubukhulu, ukugqitywa, umgangatho wokunyamezelana, uhlobo lwesatifikethi kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo kuba ukubekwa kwe-ASTM A240 kuphela akuchazi ngokupheleleyo imveliso ehanjiswayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele:I-ASTM A240 ichaza umgangatho wezinto kunye neemfuno zokusebenza eziphambili. I-ASTM A480 idla ngokubhekiselwa kwiimfuno zoku-odola ngokubanzi, ukunyamezelana kobukhulu, ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nezibonelelo zokuhlola. I-ASME SA240 yinkcazo yezixhobo ze-ASME ezinxulumeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwekhowudi apho yamkelwe yikhowudi yoyilo elawulayo. I-EN 10204 3.1 MTC kufuneka ihlolwe ngokuchasene nophawu lwepleyiti ebonakalayo, inombolo yobushushu, ubukhulu kunye ne-odolo yokuthenga.

Umyalelo opheleleyo ngobuchwephesha kufuneka wahlule ipleyiti egoqwe ngobushushu kwipleyiti egoqwe ngobandayo, uchaze ukuba ngaba zilawula ubukhulu okanye ubuncinci, uchonge uvavanyo olufunekayo olungonakalisiyo kwaye ucacise ukuba ipleyiti iya kusetyenziswa kwinkonzo yoxinzelelo, yolwakhiwo, yokubola okanye yobushushu obuphezulu.

Yintoni egutyungelwa yi-ASTM A240?

I-ASTM A240/A240M igubungela ipleyiti yesinyithi esingenasici se-chromium, i-chromium-nickel kunye ne-chromium-manganese-nickel, ishiti kunye nomcu olungiselelwe izitya zoxinzelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ububanzi buquka ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso, uyilo, izakhiwo kunye nobuhle. Umgangatho umisela iimfuno zeekhemikhali kunye nemida yepropathi yoomatshini kwiindidi ezidwelisiweyo.

I-ASTM A240 ayithathi indawo yazo zonke iimfuno zokuthenga ezinxulumene noko. I-ASTM A480/A480M idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye nayo kwiimfuno zemveliso ezithe tyaba, kubandakanya utshintsho oluvumelekileyo lobukhulu, ukugqitywa kweempawu, ukucubungula, ukuhlola, ukuvavanya amaxesha kunye nolwazi loku-odola.

Iindawo zokujonga idatha yemveliso kunye neenkcukacha

Into	Iinketho eziqhelekileyo	Ukujonga Umthengi
Ifomu yeMveliso	Ipleyiti egoqwe ngobushushu, ishidi eligoqwe ngobushushu, ishidi lokusika elinomcu okanye elivela kwi-coil	Xela ipleyiti, ishidi okanye umcu ngokucacileyo.
Umgangatho	I-ASTM A240/A240M okanye i-ASME SA240	Qinisekisa uhlelo olufunekayo kunye nokwamkelwa kwekhowudi.
Ubukhulu	Ubukhulu, ububanzi, ubude kunye nokunyamezelana kweprojekthi ethile	Cacisa ukuba ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo okanye obuncinci bulawula na.
Gqibezela	No.1, 2D, 2B, BA, No.4, ipeyintwe okanye yenziwe ngokwezifiso	Hlanganisa ukugqitywa kweempahla neemfuno zokwenziwa kunye nenkonzo.
Amaxwebhu	Ingxelo ye-MTC, ye-PMI, ingxelo ye-UT, ingxelo yobukhulu kunye nesatifikethi sokuhlola	Dwelisa iingxelo ezifunekayo ngaphambi kokuba uvelise.

Amabanga aqhelekileyo e-ASTM A240

I-ASTM A240 ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweentsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex kunye nentsimbi ezixutyiweyo kakhulu. Ubungakanani bokufumaneka buxhomekeke kubukhulu, ububanzi, indlela yokugaya kunye nobungakanani obuncinci boku-odola. Abathengi kufuneka basebenzise igama le-UNS ukuze baphephe ukudideka phakathi kwamagama orhwebo kunye namagama alinganayo engingqi.

Ibanga	I-UNS	Uphawu lwezinto ezibonakalayo	Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhelekileyo
304 / 304L	S30400 / S30403	Intsimbi engenasici ye-chromium-nickel austenitic esetyenziselwa iinjongo ngokubanzi	Izixhobo zokutya, iitanki, ukwenziwa kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha.
316 / 316L	S31600 / S31603	Ibanga le-austenitic elithwala i-molybdenum	Inkonzo yeekhemikhali, amayeza, umoya-bume wolwandle kunye nokutya.
321/347	S32100 / S34700	Amanqanaba angenasici e-austenitic azinzileyo	Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zibekwe kubushushu obuphezulu.
310S	S31008	I-chromium ephezulu, inqanaba eliphezulu le-nickel elimelana nobushushu	Izithando zomlilo, izixhobo zonyango lobushushu kunye nezixhobo zegesi eshushu.
410/430	S41000 / S43000	Amanqanaba e-chromium e-Martensitic kunye ne-ferritic	Izixhobo zoomatshini, izixhobo kunye nenkonzo yokugqwala okuphakathi.
2205	S32205 / S31803	Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ephindwe kabini enamandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-chloride	Iitanki zeekhemikhali, izixhobo zaselwandle kunye neenkqubo zoxinzelelo.
904L	N08904	I-high-nickel, i-molybdenum kunye ne-copper-bearing austenitic grade	Inkonzo ye-asidi, ulawulo longcoliseko kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali.

Uthelekiso loBume beeKhemikhali

Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kulawula ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuwelda, ukuziphatha kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokusebenza koomatshini. Amaxabiso angezantsi ziindlela ezilula zokubhekisa kushishino zamanqanaba aqhelekileyo. Ukwamkelwa kokugqibela kufuneka kusekelwe kwitheyibhile yenqanaba le-ASTM A240 efanelekileyo kunye nohlalutyo lobushushu oluboniswe kwi-MTC.

Ibanga	Cr	Ni	Mo	Isiphumo sezinto ezibonakalayo
304L	Malunga ne-18-20%	Malunga ne-8-12%	Intsalela	Ukumelana nokugqwala ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokwenziwa.
316L	Malunga ne-16-18%	Malunga ne-10-14%	Malunga ne-2-3%	Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphuculweyo kwindawo ethile xa kuthelekiswa ne-304L.
310S	Malunga ne-24-26%	Malunga ne-19-22%	Intsalela	Ixhasa ukuxhathisa i-oxidation kubushushu obuphezulu.
2205	Malunga ne-22-23%	Malunga ne-4.5-6.5%	Malunga ne-3-3.5%	Amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-chloride okuphuculweyo.
904L	Malunga ne-19-23%	Malunga ne-23-28%	Malunga ne-4-5%	Ukumelana ne-asidi ebanzi kuxhaswa yi-nickel, i-molybdenum kunye ne-copper.

Iipropati zoomatshini

I-ASTM A240 ichaza ubuncinci beempawu zoomatshini ngokwenqanaba kunye nemeko yemveliso. Amaxabiso okwenyani ayahluka ngokobukhulu, indlela yokuqengqeleka, unyango lobushushu kunye nesikhokelo sovavanyo. Amanqanaba e-austenitic e-carbon ephantsi ahlala ebonelela ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokudityaniswa okuhle, ngelixa amanqanaba e-duplex ebonelela ngamandla aphezulu esivuno.

Ibanga	Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo oluNcinci lokuThatha	Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lweNzuzo eNcinci	Inqaku lobunjineli
304L	Malunga ne-485 MPa phantsi kweemfuno ezifanayo zoshishino	Malunga ne-170 MPa	Ukwakheka kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda.
316L	Malunga ne-485 MPa	Malunga ne-170 MPa	Indlela yokwenza izinto efana neye-304L xa kukho i-molybdenum eyongeziweyo.
310S	Ithelekiswa ne-austenitic plate minimums eqhelekileyo	Kuxhomekeke kwibanga kunye nobukhulu	Uyilo lobushushu obuphezulu lufuna idatha evumelekileyo yoxinzelelo, kungekhona amaxabiso okuxinana kobushushu begumbi kuphela.
2205	Iphezulu kuneeklasi eziqhelekileyo ze-austenitic	Malunga namanqanaba esivuno esiqhelekileyo esiphindwe kabini se-304L/316L	Ingavumela ukwenziwa ngcono kobukhulu emva kokuvunywa kobunjineli.

I-ASTM A240, i-ASTM A480 kunye ne-ASME SA240

Isalathiso	Umsebenzi oPhambili	Uxanduva lomthengi
I-ASTM A240/A240M	Ichaza iiklasi ezigutyungelweyo ze-stainless steel, i-chemistry kunye neemfuno zoomatshini.	Inqanaba lelizwe, uhlobo lwemveliso, ubukhulu kunye nohlelo olufunekayo.
I-ASTM A480/A480M	Ibonelela ngeemfuno zemveliso eqhelekileyo, ukunyamezelana, ukugqitywa kunye nezibonelelo zoku-odola.	Chaza naziphi na iimbopheleleko eziqinileyo zeprojekthi ngokwahlukeneyo.
I-ASME SA240	Iinkcukacha zezinto ze-ASME ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni okunxulumene nekhowudi apho kufanelekileyo.	Qinisekisa ukwamkelwa phantsi kwekhowudi yoyilo ye-ASME efanelekileyo.
EN 10204	Ichaza iintlobo zoxwebhu lokuhlola ezifana no-3.1 no-3.2.	Cacisa uhlobo loxwebhu kwinqanaba lokucaphula.

Ukhetho Lokugqiba Umphezulu

Gqibezela	Inkcazo	Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhelekileyo	Ukujonga Umthengi
Inombolo 1	Ishushu iqengqelwe, iphathwe ngobushushu kwaye ivuthwe	Iitanki, iinqanawa kunye nezakhiwo zoshishino	Chaza isikali, ukucola kunye nokwamkelwa kweziphene zomphezulu.
2B	Igobile ebandayo, inyangwe ngobushushu, ivuthwe kwaye ulusu lususiwe kancinci	Izixhobo zokutya, iindawo ezivalekileyo kunye nokuveliswa okucocekileyo	Qinisekisa imida yefilimu yokukhusela kunye nembonakalo.
BA	Umphezulu oqaqambileyo ogqunywe ngokubandayo	Izixhobo zokusebenza, izinto zokuhombisa kunye nezinto ezicocekileyo	Iimfuno zokubonakalisa imeko kunye nokwamkelwa ngokubonakalayo.
Inombolo 4	Isiphelo esirhabaxa nesigqubuthelweyo	Izixhobo zokwakha, zasekhitshini kunye nezococeko	Chaza ulwahlulo, uburhabaxa kunye nendlela yokupholisha.
Ipleyiti Yomhlaba	Umphezulu wepleyiti enzima eyenziwe ngomatshini okanye esemhlabeni	Iziseko zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezichanekileyo	Cacisa ubukhulu emva kokusila kunye nokuba tyaba.

Uvavanyo loMgangatho kunye nokuKhangela ukuFumaneka kwezinto

Ikhonkco lokubonelela le-ASTM A240 elisebenzayo lidibanisa uphawu lwepleyiti nenombolo yobushushu, isiqinisekiso sokugaya kunye neerekhodi zokuhlola. Xa iipleyiti zisikiwe zibe ziingceba ezincinci, ukuchongwa okudluliselweyo okanye imephu yokulandelela elawulwayo kufuneka isetyenziswe apho iimfuno zeprojekthi zifuna ulawulo olupheleleyo lwenombolo yobushushu.

Into yokuhlolwa	Injongo	Ukuqinisekiswa komthengi
I-EN 10204 3.1 MTC	Udidi lwamaxwebhu, inombolo yobushushu, ikhemistri, iipropati zoomatshini kunye nemeko.	Tshatisa inani lobushushu, ubukhulu kunye nomgangatho kwi-PO.
Uvavanyo lwe-PMI	Ixhasa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-alloy kunye nolawulo lokulwa nokuxubana.	I-PMI ayithathi indawo yohlalutyo olupheleleyo lwelebhu.
Uvavanyo lokuThatha	Iqinisekisa amandla okutsalwa, amandla okuvelisa kunye nokwandiswa.	Hlola indlela yovavanyo, ubukhulu kunye namaxabiso okwamkelwa afanelekileyo.
Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic	Ibona ukungaqhubeki kwangaphakathi kwipleyiti enzima okanye ebalulekileyo.	Umgangatho wovavanyo lwelizwe, ububanzi bokuskena kunye nenqanaba lokwamkelwa.
Uvavanyo lweMilinganiselo	Ijonga ubukhulu, ububanzi, ubude, ukuba tyaba kunye nemeko yomphetho.	Qinisekisa isiseko sokunyamezelana kunye neendawo zokulinganisa.
Uhlolo lweQela lesithathu	Ibonelela ngophononongo oluzimeleyo ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe.	Chaza ubungqina kunye neenkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uvelise.

Ipleyiti ye-ASTM A240 xa ithelekiswa nezinye iinkcukacha zeMveliso

Inkcazo	Ifomu yeMveliso	Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhelekileyo	Musa Ukudideka Nge
I-ASTM A240	Ipleyiti, ishidi kunye nomcu	Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwemveliso ethe tyaba	Iipayipi, iityhubhu, iibha okanye izixhobo ezifakelweyo.
I-ASTM A276	Iibhari kunye neemilo	Iimveliso ze-machining kunye ne-structural bar	Isiqinisekiso sepleyiti ethe tyaba.
I-ASTM A312	Umbhobho ongenamthungo nowelding	Inkqubo kunye nemibhobho yoxinzelelo	Ipleyiti esetyenziselwa ukwenza igobolondo lesitya.
I-ASTM A693	Ipleyiti yokuqinisa imvula, ishidi kunye nomcu	Izicelo zokuqinisa imvula enamandla aphezulu	Ipleyiti ye-austenitic eqhotsiweyo ngokubanzi.

Izicelo zeShishini

Isicelo	Ibanga Eliqhelekileyo	Imfuneko Ephambili	Ukugxila kweRFQ
Iitanki zokutya neziselo	304L okanye 316L	Ukucoceka, ukuwelda kunye nokumelana nokugqwala	Ukugqitywa, uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nokulandeleka kwepleyiti.
Iinqanawa zeNkqubo yeeKhemikhali	I-316L, 904L, 2205 okanye i-alloy ekhethiweyo yiprojekthi	Ukumelana nokugqwala kunye noyilo loxinzelelo	Ukubekwa kwezinto ze-ASME, i-UT kunye nesibonelelo sokugqwala.
Izixhobo Zonyango Lobushushu	310S, 321 okanye 347	Ukumelana ne-oxidation kunye nokuzinza kobushushu	Indlela yokusebenza, ubushushu kunye nendlela yokwenza.
Izixhobo zaselwandle kunye nezokukhupha ityuwa emanzini	I-2205, 2507 okanye i-high-alloy grade	Ukumelana ne-chloride kunye namandla aphezulu	Unyango lobushushu, ibhalansi yesigaba kunye novavanyo lokugqwala.
Uyilo lweZakhiwo	304 okanye 316	Inkangeleko, ukuthamba kunye nokugqitywa kokuhambelana	Icala lokupholisha, ifilimu yokukhusela kunye nokudibanisa ibhetshi.

Iimpazamo zomthengi eziqhelekileyo

Uku-odola i-ASTM A240 ngaphandle kokunyamezelana kwe-ASTM A480:Ukuhambelana nomgangatho akuchazi ngokuzenzekelayo yonke imfuneko yobukhulu, ukuthamba okanye umphezulu. Imida engqongqo kufuneka ichazwe.

Ukudibanisa i-ASTM A240 ne-ASME SA240:Izixhobo zinokuba zinxulumene nobuchwepheshe, kodwa iiprojekthi zekhowudi yoxinzelelo kufuneka zisebenzise uphawu olwamkelwe yikhowudi yolawulo kunye namaxwebhu eprojekthi.

Ukusebenzisa "ipleyiti engama-316" ngaphandle komgangatho we-L:I-316 kunye ne-316L zinemida eyahlukileyo yekhabhoni. Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zihlala zichaza i-316L ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuziva ukhululekile.

Ukucela i-UT ngaphandle komgangatho wovavanyo:"I-UT evavanyiweyo" ayiphelelanga. I-RFQ kufuneka ichaze indlela yovavanyo, ukugubungela ukuskena, uvakalelo lwesalathiso kunye nodidi lokwamkelwa.

Ukwamkela isatifikethi ngaphandle kokuhambelana nepleyiti:Inombolo yobushushu, inqanaba, ubukhulu, ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho kufuneka zihambelane noluhlu lokuphawula kunye nolokupakisha.

Ukungahoywa kwesibonelelo somatshini wokulungisa:Ipleyiti enzima esetyenziselwa umatshini wokulungisa izinto ingafuna ubukhulu obungaphezulu, ukuthamba okuphuculweyo okanye umphezulu womhlaba emva kwemisebenzi yokukhulula uxinzelelo.

Uluhlu lokujonga lwe-ASTM A240 Plate RFQ

✅ Xela i-ASTM A240/A240M okanye i-ASME SA240 kunye nohlelo olufunekayo.

✅ Chonga uhlobo lwe-stainless grade kunye ne-UNS position.

✅ Nika ubukhulu, ububanzi, ubude, ubungakanani kunye notshintsho oluvumelekileyo lobukhulu.

✅ Chaza imveliso egoqwe ngobushushu okanye egoqwe ngobushushu kunye nokugqitywa okufunekayo.

✅ Imeko yomphetho, ukuthamba, isibonelelo somatshini kunye nefilimu yokukhusela.

✅ Cela i-EN 10204 3.1 MTC kunye nophawu lwenombolo yobushushu.

✅ Bhala uluhlu lwe-PMI, i-UT, uvavanyo lokugqwala okanye ukuhlolwa ngumntu wesithathu apho kufuneka khona.

✅ Chaza ukupakisha impahla yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ubunzima bepakeji, ukhuseleko lokufuma kunye nezibuko lendawo oya kuyo.

Kutheni Ufanele Ucacise Ipleyiti Yentsimbi Engagqwaliyo ye-ASTM A240 Ngokufanelekileyo?

Inkcazo echanekileyo ithintela ukutshintshwa komgangatho, ukungatyebi kakuhle kwezinto, ukugqitywa okungafanelekanga kunye neziqinisekiso ezingaphelelanga. Ikwanika umzi-mveliso okanye umnini-zabelo ulwazi olwaneleyo lokukhetha indlela echanekileyo yokuvelisa, isicwangciso sokuhlola kunye nendlela yokupakisha.

Ipleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-ASTM A240 ifanelekile kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kodwa umgangatho kufuneka uphathwe njengesiseko seodolo yokuthenga endaweni yeodolo epheleleyo. Udidi, iimfuno ze-ASME, ukunyamezelana kobukhulu, imeko yomphezulu, uvavanyo kunye nokulandeleka kufuneka kudityaniswe noyilo lwezixhobo zokwenyani.

FAQ

Ngaba i-ASTM A240 igubungela zombini ipleyiti kunye nephepha?

Ewe. I-ASTM A240 igubungela ipleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ishiti kunye nomcu. I-odolo yokuthenga kufuneka isachaze uhlobo lwemveliso efunekayo, ubukhulu, ukugqitywa kwayo kunye nokunyamezelana kwayo.

Ngaba i-ASTM A240 ifanelekile kwiinqanawa zoxinzelelo?

Ingcaciso ibandakanya izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa iinqanawa zoxinzelelo. Ukwakhiwa kwekhowudi kunokufuna i-ASME SA240, umgangatho owamkelekileyo, uxwebhu oluqinisekisiweyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwekhowudi yoyilo lwenqanawa efanelekileyo.

Ithini isiphelo esiqhelekileyo sepleyiti ye-ASTM A240?

Ipleyiti egoqwe ngobushushu idla ngokubonelelwa ngesiphelo seNombolo 1. Iphepha eligoqwe ngobushushu linokubonelelwa nge-2D, 2B okanye i-BA. Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa nokucoca kunokufuna isiphelo seNombolo 4, isipili okanye esilawulwayo.

Ngaba i-PMI inyanzelekile phantsi kwe-ASTM A240?

I-PMI idla ngokuba yimfuneko eyongezelelweyo yeprojekthi endaweni yokuba yimfuneko ezenzekelayo kuyo yonke iodolo. Ifanele ichazwe kwiodolo yokuthenga xa kufuneka ukuqinisekiswa kwe-alloy.

Kufuneka nini uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound?

I-UT idla ngokucelwa kwiipleyiti ezinzima, izixhobo zoxinzelelo, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye izakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ezibalulekileyo. Umgangatho wovavanyo kunye nemigangatho yokwamkelwa kufuneka ichazwe.

Yintoni ekufuneka ihlolwe kwi-MTC?

Jonga umenzi, inombolo yobushushu, inqanaba, uphawu lwe-UNS, umgangatho, ubukhulu, ikhemistri, iimpawu zokuxinana, unyango lobushushu, ukuqinisekiswa kwesatifikethi kunye nazo naziphi na iziphumo zovavanyo ezongezelelweyo.

Iimveliso ze-ASTM A240 zeNtsimbi engagqwaliyo ezinxulumene noko

Imveliso	Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhelekileyo Kokuthenga
Ipleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 kunye nama-316	Ipleyiti kunye nephepha le-ASTM A240 eliqhelekileyo leetanki, izixhobo zokutya, ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokucubungula amashishini.
Ipleyiti yentsimbi engagqwali ye-ASTM A240 316L	Ipleyiti ephethe i-molybdenum enekhabhoni ephantsi yezixhobo zeekhemikhali, ukutya kunye neyeza ezidityanisiweyo.
Ipleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-310S	Ipleyiti engangeni bushushu yeefeni, iinkqubo zegesi eshushu kunye nezixhobo zonyango lobushushu.
Ipleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-904L	Ipleyiti engagqwali ene-alloy ephezulu yokubonelela ngenkonzo ye-asidi, ulawulo longcoliseko kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali.

Isiphelo

I-ASTM A240 ibonelela ngesiseko sezinto zepleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ishiti kunye nomcu osetyenziswa kwizixhobo zoxinzelelo kunye nokwenziwa ngokubanzi. Ukuthengwa okuthembekileyo kufuna okungaphezulu kokubiza umgangatho. Umthengi kufuneka akhethe umgangatho ochanekileyo, imo yemveliso, ukugqitywa kwayo, ukunyamezela kwayo, unyango lobushushu, ububanzi bokuhlolwa kunye nohlobo lwesatifikethi.