Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwamaBanga e-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36

Ibanga lentsimbi	Amandla okuKhula (i-MPa)	Amandla okuThamba (MPa)	Uvavanyo loBushushu lweMpembelelo	Isicelo esiqhelekileyo
AH36	355	490–620	0°C	Iinqanawa eziqhelekileyo kunye nezakhiwo zeedekhi
DH36	355	490–620	-20°C	Amaqonga aselunxwemeni, ukuchatshazelwa ngamanzi abandayo olwandle
I-EH36	355	490–620	-40°C	Iindawo zaselwandle zaseArctic kunye ne-cryogenic

Zonke ezintathu ziyafanaamandla oomatshinikodwa zaboamandla okufunxa amandla kubushushu obahlukeneyoichaza udidi lwazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

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Ukwenziwa kweeKhemikhali

Iukwakheka kweekhemikhaliye-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 ifana kakhulu, yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba inamandla aphezulu, iyakwazi ukudityaniswa kakuhle, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lweeKhemikhali (%):

• Ikhabhoni (C):≤ 0.18

• IManganese (Mn):0.90–1.60

• I-Silicon (Si):0.10–0.50

• I-Phosphorus (P):≤ 0.035

• I-Sulfur (S):≤ 0.035

• I-Niobium (Nb), iVanadium (V), iTitanium (Ti):≤ 0.10

Izinto ezixutywayo ezincinci ezifana ne-niobium, i-vanadium, kunye ne-titanium ziphucula ulwakhiwo lweenkozo, nto leyo ephucula intsimbiubulukhuni, ukumelana nokudinwa, kunye namandla oomatshini.

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Iipropati zoomatshini

AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36zonke ziintsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezineentsimbi ezifanayoamandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-355 MPakwayeamandla okutsalwa aqala kwi-490 ukuya kwi-620 MPa.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini:

• Unikeze Amandla:≥ 355 MPa

• Tensile strength:490–620 MPa

• Ubude (kwi-50 mm):≥ 21%

• Ubunzima (HB):170–220

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwabo uleleukuqina kwempembelelo, ilinganiswa ngovavanyo lweCharpy V-Notch (CVN) kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo:

• I-AH36 ivavanywa kwi0°C.

• I-DH36 ivavanywa kwi-20°C.

• I-EH36 ivavanywa kwi-40°C.

Okukhona ubushushu bovavanyo buphantsi, kokukhona amandla entsimbi okugcina ukuqina nokuthintela ukwaphuka okubuthathaka kwiindawo ezibandayo.

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Umahluko oPhambili phakathi kwe-AH36, i-DH36, kunye ne-EH36

1. Ukuqina kwempembelelo

Eyona mahluko ibalulekileyo phakathi kwala mabanga mathathu kukubaukuxhathisa ukwaphuka okubuthathakakumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.

• AH36isebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiimozulu ephakathi, ifanelekile kwiinqanawa ezisebenza kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zolwandle.

• DH36inika ukuqina okuphuculweyo, okwenza ifanelekeimimandla ebandayo kunye namaqonga aselunxwemeni.

• I-EH36inika amandla amangalisayo empembelelo eamaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero, ilungeleUkuthunyelwa kwenqanawa eArctic, iinqanawa zeLNG, kunye neenqanawa eziphantsi komhlaba.

Lo mahluko uqinisekisa ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lusetyenziswa apho lunokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu phantsi koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo.

2. Uluhlu lobushushu benkonzo

• AH36:Ukusetyenziswa kwiimozulu eshushu ukuya kweshushu(ngaphezulu kwe-0°C).

• DH36:Ngokubaiimeko zemozulu ebandayo(ukuya kuthi ga kwi -20°C).

• I-EH36:Ngokubaiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu(ukuya kuthi ga kwi -40°C).

Iinqanawa okanye izakhiwo zaselunxwemeni ezisebenza kwiimeko zokuqandisa okanye zemozulu ebandayo zixhomekeke kwi-EH36 ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwezakhiwo ngenxa yokuqhekeka okubangelwa bubushushu.

3. Indawo yokusetyenziswa

Nangona zonke iiklasi ziyizitena zaselwandle, ukusasazwa kwazo kuyahluka ngokusekelwe kukungcola kwendalo:

• AH36:Iinqanawa zemithwalo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, iinqanawa zemithwalo, kunye neenqanawa ezinkulu ezithwala imithwalo.

• DH36:Amaqonga okugrumba angaphandle kolwandle, iinqanawa zokuthutha amanzi olwandle, kunye neenqanawa ezihamba emanzini abandayo.

• I-EH36:Iinqanawa zokuqhekeza umkhenkce, iinqanawa zophando ezikwincam yomhlaba, kunye namaqonga olwandle olunzulu.

4. Uvavanyo kunye neSatifikethi

Ibanga ngalinye kufuneka liphumelele imigangatho yovavanyo engqongqo echazwe nguI-ABS (i-American Bureau of Shipping)kunye nezinye iindawo zokwahlulahlula. Umahluko kwiubushushu bovavanyo lwempembeleloiqinisekisa ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwentsimbi lusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo elungiselelwe yona.

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Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36

Nangona iimfuno zazo zovavanyo lokuchaphazela zahlukile, la manqanaba mathathu abelana ngeempawu eziphambili ezininzi ezenza ukuba zixatyiswe ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo lwaselwandle.

1. Umlinganiselo oPhakamileyo wamandla ukuya kubunzima

Amandla abo aphezulu avumela ukwakhiwa kweizakhiwo zeenqanawa ezikhaphukhaphu neziqinileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokubanzi.

2. Ukudityaniswa kakuhle

Ngenxa yokulawula umxholo wekhabhoni kunye noyilo lwe-alloy, ezi ntsimbi zinyibilika kakhulu kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa ezisemgangathweni ezifanaI-MIG, i-TIG, kunye ne-submerged arc welding (SAW)ngaphandle kokufudumeza kwangaphambili okanye unyango emva kobushushu.

3. Ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokudinwa

Yenzelwe ukuvezwa rhoqoamanzi anetyuwa, ukufuma, kunye noxinzelelo olujikelezayo, AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 zibonelela kakuhle kakhuluukumelana nokugqwala, i-oxidation, kunye nokungaphumeleli kokudinwa.

4. Ukuqina Kwexesha Elide

Nokuba phantsi kokungcangcazela okungaguqukiyo, ukubetheka, kunye noxinzelelo lwamaza, la manqanaba agcina ulwakhiwo lwawo lusemgangathweni kangangeminyaka emininzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba afaneleke kakhuluiinqanawa, iidekhi, kunye nokufakelwa kweenqanawa ezikude nolwandle.

5. Ukuthobela iMigangatho yeHlabathi

Onke amanqanaba amathathu ahambelana neenkcukacha zemibutho ephambili yokwahlulahlula:

• I-ABS (i-American Bureau of Shipping)

• Irejista kaLloyd (LR)

• I-Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

• I-Bureau Veritas (BV)

• Umbutho woHlelo lwaseTshayina (CCS)

Ipleyiti nganye inikezelwa ngui-sakysteelilandeleka ngokupheleleyo, kunyeEN 10204 3.1/3.2 Izatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMilaukuqinisekisa uqinisekiso olupheleleyo lomgangatho.

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Izicelo kwiShishini lezoLwandle kunye nelase-Offshore

1. Ukwakha iinqanawa

I-AH36, i-DH36, kunye ne-EH36 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiukwakhiwa kweshell, i-deck plating, kunye ne-bulkheads, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinqanawa zihlala zizinzile kwaye zikhuselekile kwiilwandle ezinzima.

2. Amaqonga aselunxwemeni

Kwiindlela zokugrumba ezikude nolwandle kunye neenkqubo zemveliso ezidadayo, iintsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 zisetyenziselwaiidekhi eziphambili, imilenze yokuxhasa, kunye nemiqadi yesakhiwo, apho ukuchanabeka emanzini abandayo olwandle kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kufuna ukuqina okuphezulu.

3. Iinqanawa ze-LNG kunye neenqanawa ze-Cryogenic

Intsimbi ye-EH36 ifaneleke kakhulu kwi-izicelo ze-cryogenic, ukugcina ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokuba kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekugcineni nasekuthuthweni kweegesi ezimanzi.

4. Iinqanawa zoMkhosi waseLwandle nezoMkhosi

Ngenxa yaboamandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana neempembelelo, ezi ntsimbi zilungele kakhuluiinqanawa zomkhosi, iinqanawa zokulinda, kunye neenqanawa zokuzikhusela, enika ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo phantsi komthwalo oguqukayo.

5. Iiturbine zomoya zangaphandle

Njengoko ishishini lamandla avuselelekayo lisanda elwandle, iintsimbi ze-AH36 kunye ne-DH36 ziya zisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiizakhiwo zesiseko, iinqaba zokuxhasa, kunye namaqonga angaphantsi kwamanzi, apho ukugqwala kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

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Iimpawu zokucubungula kunye nokuvelisa

1. Ukuqengqeleka Okushushu kunye ne-TMCP (Ukucubungula okuLawulwayo kweThermo-Mechanical):
   Zonke iiklasi ezintathu ziveliswa kusetyenziswaItekhnoloji ye-TMCP, nto leyo ephucula ubungakanani bengqolowa kwaye yomeleza amandla kunye nokuqina.

2. Ukusika nokuYila:
   Iintsimbi zibonelela ngobuchule obugqwesileyo bokusebenza, nto leyo evumelaukusika nge-plasma, nge-laser, okanye nge-oxy-fuelngaphandle kokuqhekeka komphetho okanye ukugqwetheka.

3. Ukuwelda:
   Ukuwelda kakuhle kulunge kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi lekhabhoni, okunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwehydrogen ngexesha lokwenziwa.

4. Imeko Yomphezulu:
   Iipleyiti ziyafumaneka kwiukugqitywa okudutyulweyo, okucoliweyo, okanye okugqunywe ngenguboukuze kongezeleleke ukuxhathisa ukugqwala ngexesha lokuthunyelwa nokugcinwa.

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Uvavanyo kunye neSatifikethi

Ipleyiti nganye inikezelwa ngui-sakysteelivavanywa ngokungqongqo komgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolwandle:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile kunye ne-Yield Strength

• Uvavanyo lweCharpy V-Notch Impactkumaqondo obushushu athile

• Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT)kwiziphene zangaphakathi

• Ukuhlolwa koBume kunye noBuphezulu

• Uhlalutyo lweSpectrometerukuchaneka kweekhemikhali

Zonke iziphumo zovavanyo zibhalwe phantsiIzatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMill (EN 10204 3.1/3.2)kwaye ivunyiwe yimibutho yokwahlulahlula eyaziwayo.

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Kutheni Khetha i-sakysteel kwi-Marine Steel Solutions

i-sakysteelngumthengisi owaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela weukwakhiwa kweenqanawa kunye neentsimbi zaselwandle, enikezela uluhlu olupheleleyo lweepleyiti ze-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 ezihlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho ephambili yoluntu lokwahlulahlula.

Iingenelo zethu ziquka:

• Uluhlu olupheleleyo lobungakanani: ubukhulu 5–150 mm, ububanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,500 mm, ubude ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12,000 mm

• Iziqinisekiso ezivela kwi-ABS, LR, DNV, BV, kunye ne-CCS

• Ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo kunye nezisombululo zokuthumela kwihlabathi liphela

• Ukusika, ukuhombisa, kunye nonyango lomphezulu olulungiselelwe wena

• Iinkonzo zokuhlola zabantu besithathu ziyafumaneka (SGS, TUV, BV)

Ngokukhethai-sakysteel, abathengi bayazuza kwizixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezixhaswa bubuchule beminyaka emininzi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kuyo yonke iprojekthi yaselwandle.

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Imbono Yekamva: Iintsimbi Ezinamandla Aphezulu Ekwakhiweni Kweenqanawa Zanamhlanje

Njengoko ishishini leenqanawa liqhubeka nokukhula, imfunoiinqanawa ezikhaphukhaphu, ezinamandla, nezisebenzisa amandla amaninziiyanda ngokukhawuleza. Iintsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezifana ne-AH36, i-DH36, kunye ne-EH36 ziphambili kolu tshintsho.

Indibaniselwano yaboamandla, ubulukhuni, kunye nokudityaniswaixhasa uphuhliso lweenqanawa zesizukulwana esilandelayo, amaqonga aselwandle, kunye nezakhiwo zaselwandle ezivuselelekayo. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha obufana noboI-TMCP, ukuwelda nge-laser, kunye neengubo ezimelana nokugqwalaziya kuqhubeka nokuphucula ukusebenza kwazo, ziqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo obude kunye nokunciphisa ukugcinwa kwazo kwiindawo zaselwandle ezizayo.

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Isiphelo

NgelixaAH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36babelane ngezinto ezifanayo kunye namanqanaba amandla afanayo,ukuqina kwempembelelo kunye nokukwazi ubushushu benkonzoZibeke zahlulwe. I-AH36 ifanelekile kwiindawo zaselwandle ezisemgangathweni, i-DH36 kwiindawo ezibandayo, kunye ne-EH36 kwiimeko eziqatha zeArctic kunye neemeko ezingaqhelekanga.

Ezi ntsimbi zisebenza kakuhle ziyadityaniswaamandla oomatshini, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokudityaniswa kakuhle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe yimfuneko kakhulu ekwakheni iinqanawa zanamhlanje nakubunjineli bamanzi angaphandle.

Ixhaswa ziziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobuchule obuphambili bokuvelisa,i-sakysteelinika iipleyiti zentsimbi zokwakha iinqanawa ze-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye nokuthembeka kuyo yonke imfuneko yaselwandle. Njengoko imfuno yehlabathi yeenqanawa ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo ikhula, la manqanaba aya kuqhubeka nokwenza isiseko sezakhiwo zaselwandle eziqinileyo nezilungele ikamva.