Phakathi komndeni wezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezithuthukisiwe ezisetshenziswa ezindiza, ekucubungulweni kwamakhemikhali, nasekukhiqizeni ugesi,Insimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PHivelele ngokuhlanganiswa kwayoamandla aphezulu, ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala, kanye nokuguquguquka kokwelashwa kokushisaOmunye wemibuzo yobuchwepheshe evame ukubuzwa mayelana nalolu hlobo lwe-alloy uphathelene naloubuningi kanye nobubanzi bokuncibilika, amapharamitha amabili ayisisekelo onjiniyela abala isisindo, ukusebenza kokushisa, kanye nemisebenzi yokukhipha noma yokubopha.
Kulesi sihloko,I-SAKYSTEELinikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yeubuningi kanye nobubanzi bokuncibilika kwensimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH, kanye nokuqonda ukuthi lezi zakhiwo ezibonakalayo zithinta kanjani ukwakheka, ukwenziwa, kanye nokusebenza ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.
1. Isingeniso sensimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH
15-7PH(I-UNS S17700, eyaziwa nangokuthi Uhlobo 631) iyi-insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic eqinisa imvulayakhelwe ukuhlinzekaamandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokugqwalakuhlanganiswe nezici ezinhle zokukhiqiza. Igama elithi “15-7PH” livela ekwakhekeni kwalo okulinganiselwe kwe-I-15% ye-chromium kanye ne-7% ye-nickel, kufakwe i-aluminium ukuze kuqiniswe imvula.
Ingxubevange idlula enkambisweni ekhethekile yokwelashwa kokushisa lapho ama-compounds amancane e-intermetallic (ikakhulukazi i-Ni₃Al) akheka khona ngaphakathi kwe-matrix, andisa kakhulu amandla ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqina. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-15-7PH isetshenziswa kabanzi ku:
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Iziphethu zezindiza kanye nama-diaphragm
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Imishini yokucubungula amakhemikhali
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Izibambo zokushisa okuphezulu
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Izingxenye zokuphehla ugesi
Ukuqonda kwayoizici zobuningi kanye nokuncibilikakubalulekile ekubalweni kwesisindo okunembile kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqubo yokushisa.
2. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali angu-15-7PH
| Isici | Okuqukethwe Okuvamile (%) | Inhloso |
|---|---|---|
| I-Chromium (Cr) | 14.0 – 16.0 | Ukumelana nokugqwala namandla |
| I-Nickel (Ni) | 6.5 – 7.8 | Ukuqina kanye nokuqina kwe-martensitic |
| I-Aluminium (Al) | 0.75 – 1.5 | Ukuqina kwemvula |
| Ikhabhoni (C) | ≤ 0.09 | Ukulawula amandla |
| I-Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.00 | I-Deoxidizer |
| I-Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 | Kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation |
| I-Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.04 | Igcinwa iphansi ukuze ingabi lukhuni |
| I-Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.03 | Ukusebenziseka kalula |
| Insimbi (Fe) | Ibhalansi | Isici sesisekelo |
Lokhu kwakheka okulinganiswe ngokucophelela kuthinta ngqo kokubiliukuminyanafuthiububanzi bokuncibilika, njengoba i-nickel, i-chromium, ne-aluminium ngayinye inesisindo se-athomu esihlukile kanye nokuziphatha kokushisa.
3. Ubuningi bensimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH
Iukuminyanai-metal ichaza isisindo sayo ngeyunithi ngayinye futhi iyipharamitha ebalulekile yalokhu:
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Ukubalwa kwesisindo sezingxenye
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Umklamo wesakhiwo
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Ukubalwa kokuhamba koketshezi kanye nokugoba
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Ukuguqulwa phakathi kobukhulu nomthamo ekukhetheni izinto
Ngensimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH,ubuningi obujwayelekile bungaba:
7.80 g/cm³ (7800 kg/m³)
Leli nani liseduze nelezinye izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-martensitic kanye ne-precipitation-hardening ezifana ne-17-4PH (7.75 g/cm³) kanye ne-17-7PH (7.81 g/cm³).
3.1 Ithebula Lokuguqulwa Kobuningi
| Iyunithi | Inani |
|---|---|
| g/cm³ | 7.80 |
| kg/m³ | 7800 |
| lb/in³ | 0.282 |
| lb/ft³ | 487 |
Lokhu kuxinana okulinganiselwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-15-7PH inikezaisilinganiso samandla aphezulu kuya kwesisindo, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezindizayo kanye nezingxenye zemishini ezisebenza kahle lapho igremu ngayinye ibalulekile.
4. Ububanzi Bokuncibilika Kwensimbi Engagqwali engu-15-7PH
Iububanzi bokuncibilikaI-alloy ibhekisela esikhawulweni sokushisa phakathi kwamaphuzu ayo aqinile (ukuqala kokuncibilika) kanye namaphuzu e-liquidus (ancibilikiswe ngokuphelele). Ngokungafani nezinsimbi ezihlanzekile, ezinephuzu elilodwa lokuncibilika, ama-alloy ayinkimbinkimbi njengezinsimbi ezingagqwali ayancibilika phezu kwe-aububanzi bokushisangenxa yokushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa okuncibilika kwezinto eziyingxenye yazo.
NgobaInsimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH, iububanzi bokuncibilika obujwayelekileyi:
1400 – 1450 °C (2550 – 2640 °F)
Lolu hlu luhambisana nezinye izinsimbi eziqinisa imvula ezinama-chromium amaningi, ezithwala i-nickel.
4.1 Umongo Webanga Lokuncibilikisa
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17-4PH:1400 – 1440 °C
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17-7PH:1400 – 1455 °C
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15-5PH:1400 – 1450 °C
Ngakho-ke, i-15-7PH ingena ngaphakathi kobubanzi obufanayo kodwa ingabonisa i-solidus ephezulu kancane ngenxa yomphumela we-aluminium, ophakamisa izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kancane.
5. Izici Ezithonya Ubuningi kanye Nobubanzi Bokuncibilika
5.1 Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izilinganiso ze-chromium, i-nickel, ne-aluminium zinquma ukuthi ama-athomu ahlanganiswe eduze kangakanani nokuthi kudinga amandla angakanani ukuphula izibopho zama-athomu ngesikhathi sokuncibilika.
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I-Chromiumkwandisa ubulukhuni kanye nokushisa kokuncibilika.
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I-Nickelkuthuthukisa ukuqina kodwa kunciphisa kancane ubuningi.
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I-Aluminiumkunegalelo ekuqineni futhi kuphakamisa kancane iphuzu lokuncibilika.
5.2 Ukwelashwa Kokushisa
Nakuba ubuningi bushintsha kancane kuphela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa (ngaphansi kuka-0.1%),ukwanda kokushisa kanye nokuguqulwa kwesigabakungathinta ivolumu. Ukwelashwa kokuguga (isb., i-RH950 noma i-TH1050) kungabangela izinguquko ezincane ngobukhulu kodwa akukuthinti kakhulu ukuminyana kwenqwaba.
5.3 Ukungcola Nokubekezelelana Kokuxuba
Ukungcola okulandelekayo noma ukuphambuka okuncane kokwakheka kungashintsha ibanga lokuncibilika ngo-10–20°C, kodwa lokhu kuhlukahluka ngokuvamile akubalulekile ngezinjongo zobunjiniyela.
6. Ukubaluleka Kokujiyana Nobubanzi Bokuncibilika Ekwakhiweni Kobunjiniyela
6.1 Isisindo kanye nokubalwa kwesakhiwo
Ukwazi ubuningi obuqondile kuvumela abaklami ukubala izisindo zezingxenye ngokunembile. Isibonelo, ekusetshenzisweni kwezindiza, ukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye engagqwali engu-316L (ubuningi obungu-8.0 g/cm³) nge-15-7PH kunciphisa isisindo sonke ngenkathi kukhulisa amandla, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kanye nokusebenza kahle.
6.2 Imisebenzi Yokubumba Nokubumba
Ububanzi bokuncibilika bunquma izinga lokushisa kwesithando, ukwakheka kwesikhunta, kanye nokulawulwa kokuqina. Ububanzi bokuncibilika obuncane buyasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuvuleka ngesikhathi sokuphonswa.
Ngoba15-7PH, ukulawulwa kokuncibilika okuhle kuqinisekisa ukwakheka okulinganayo kwe-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo zemishini.
6.3 Ukushisela kanye nokubhinca
Uma ushisela noma uhlanganisa i-15-7PH, ukuqonda ububanzi bokuncibilika kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula ngokweqile kokusanhlamvu noma ukuncibilika okuyingxenye endaweni ethintekile ukushisa. Ukulawula okufanele kugwema ukuphambuka futhi kuqinisekisa ubuqotho obuhle bamalunga.
6.4 Ukwandiswa Kokushisa Nokwakhiwa Kokwelashwa Kokushisa
Idatha yobuningi kanye nokuncibilika kusiza ukubikezela izinguquko zevolumu kanye nokucindezeleka kokushisa ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Onjiniyela basebenzisa le datha ukuze bathuthukise imijikelezo yokwelapha i-annealing, ukuguga, noma isixazululo.
7. Isifinyezo Sezakhiwo Ezibonakalayo sika-15-7PH
| Impahla | Inani Elijwayelekile | Iyunithi |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuningi | 7.80 | g/cm³ |
| Uhla Lokuncibilika | 1400–1450 | °C |
| I-Modulus Enwebekayo | 200 | I-GPa |
| Amandla Okushisa Aqondile | 460 | J/kg·K |
| Ukuqhuba Okushisayo | 16.7 | W/m·K |
| Isilinganiso Sokwanda | 10.9 × 10⁻⁶ | /°C |
| Ukumelana Nogesi | 0.00074 | Ω·cm |
Lezi zici zomzimba zenza i-15-7PH zombiliesebenza kahle ngokwesakhiwo futhi izinzile ngokwezinga lokushisa, ifanelekela isevisi kusukela emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero kuze kufike cishe ku-550 °C (1020 °F).
8. Ukuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali engu-17-4PH
| Impahla | 15-7PH | 17-4PH |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuningi (g/cm³) | 7.80 | 7.75 |
| Ibanga Lokuncibilika (°C) | 1400–1450 | 1400–1440 |
| Isici Sokuqinisa | I-Aluminium | Ithusi |
| Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi (°C) | 550 | 315 |
| Amandla (Osekhulile) | Phezulu Kakhulu | Phezulu |
| Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Kuhle | Kuhle kakhulu |
Nakuba ubuningi bucishe bufane, okunikezwayo okungu-15-7PHamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okukhulu kokushisa okuphezulu, kuyilapho i-17-4PH inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kancane kanye nokushibilika okulula.
9. Izicelo Zezimboni Lapho Ubuningi kanye Nobubanzi Bokuncibilika Kubalulekile
9.1 Izindiza
Isilinganiso esihle kakhulu samandla nesisindo kusukela ekuxineni kwayo okumaphakathi kwenza i-15-7PH ifaneleke kakhuluizibambo zezindiza, izimbozo, kanye nama-diaphragmOnjiniyela bangaklama izingxenye ezincane nezilula ngaphandle kokubeka umthwalo esimeni esibi.
9.2 Amandla Nokukhiqiza Amandla
Ezinhlelweni ze-gas turbine noma zenuzi, izingxenye kumele zimelane nokucindezeleka komshini kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza. Ububanzi bokuncibilika kwe-alloy buqinisekisaimingcele yokuphepha kokushisaezindaweni eziseduze no-600°C.
9.3 Imishini Yamakhemikhali Neyokucubungula
Kuma-valve, iziphethu, kanye nokufakwa komfutho ophezulu, inhlanganisela yobuningi, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokukhuthazela kokushisa kwenza ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zokujikeleza.
10. Isibonelo Sokubala Isisindo Ukusebenzisa Ubuningi
Isibonelo esisebenzayo sibonisa indlela onjiniyela abasebenzisa ngayo idatha yobuningi.
Ingxenye:Induku engu-15-7PH, ububanzi obungu-50 mm, ubude obungu-1 m
Ivolumu = π × (25²) × 1000 mm³ = 1.963 × 10⁶ mm³ = 1.963 × 10⁻³ m³
Isisindo = 1.963 × 10⁻³ m³ × 7800 kg/m³ =15.3 kg
Lokhu kubalwa okunembile kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezindiza kanye nezimoto, lapho ngisho nomehluko omncane wobunzima uthinta khona ibhalansi kanye nokusebenza kahle.
11. Iziqondiso Zokucubungula Ukushisa Ezisekelwe Ebangeni Lokuncibilikisa
Ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo, amaprosesa ezimboni kumele ashise ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa le-solidus ye-alloy.
Ngoba15-7PH, kunconywa imikhawulo elandelayo yokushisa:
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Ukwelashwa Kwesixazululo:1035–1050 °C
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Ukuguga:510–565 °C
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Ububanzi Bokwakha:1150–900 °C
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Gwema Ukushisa Okudlulele Ngaphezulu:1350 °C
Lezi zinhlaka zigcina ingxubevange ingaphansi kakhulu kokuqala kwayo ukuncibilika (1400 °C), iqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwesakhiwo esincane kanye nokuvimbela ukuncibilika kokuqala.
12. Izinzuzo ze-15-7PH ezivela kumbono wezakhiwo ezibonakalayo
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Ubuningi Obulinganiselwe:Inikeza izingxenye eziqinile ngaphandle kobunzima obungadingekile.
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Ububanzi Bokuncibilika Okuphezulu:Ivumela ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa kanye nokuguquguquka kokucubungula.
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Ukuqina Okulinganayo:Ukuphambuka okuncane ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa.
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Isilinganiso Esithembekile Samandla Nesisindo:Ilungele izingxenye zesakhiwo nezinyakazayo.
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Izakhiwo Ezihambisanayo Zomzimba:Kugcinwa kuzo zonke izinga lokushisa elibanzi.
Lezi zinzuzo zenza i-15-7PH ibe yintandokazi konjiniyela abalinganisela ukusebenza, isisindo, kanye nezindleko.
13. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Nokuhlolwa kwa-SAKYSTEEL
I-SAKYSTEELiqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqwaba yensimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zomzimba nezomshini. Ingxenye ngayinye idlula:
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Ukuqinisekiswa kobuningi ngokuhlaziywa kwe-hydrostatic noma okulinganayo
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Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwe-Spectrometric
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Ukuqinisekiswa kwephuzu lokuncibilika okuvela ezivivinyweni zesithando esilawulwayo
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Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo
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Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic kanye nobuso
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Isitifiketi sezindinganiso ze-ASTM A693 / AMS 5520 / AMS 5659
(Ilogo ye-SAKYSTEEL)
Umkhiqizo ngamunye ungalandelelwa ngokugcwele ngenombolo yokushisa futhi unikezwa izitifiketi ze-EN 10204 3.1 noma 3.2 zokuthobela imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe.
14. Amafomu Omkhiqizo kanye Nohlu Lokunikezwa
I-SAKYSTEEL inikeza insimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH ngezindlela eziningi:
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Amabha Nezinduku Eziyindilinga:Okugoqwe ngokushisa, okwenziwe ngobumba, noma okudonswa kubanda
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Amapuleti namashidi:Izimo ezithintekile noma ezindala
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Izintambo kanye Nezicucu:Kwama-spring nama-diaphragm
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Izinto Zokubopha Nezindandatho:Kwenzelwe ukudweba ngokwezifiso
Yonke imikhiqizo itholakala ngosayizi ojwayelekile nowenziwe ngokwezifiso, inqunywe ngokunemba ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende, ngokusekelwa kokuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke.
15. Ukuqonda Kobunjiniyela Okusebenza Ngobuchwepheshe
Lapho kubalwa imithwalo yokushisa noma ukuklama izinhlelo ezicindezelwe,ukuminyanaichaza i-inertia ye-mass, kuyilaphoububanzi bokuncibilikaichaza imikhawulo yokuphepha.
Ngokwesibonelo:
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Ezinjinini zezindiza, ubuningi bunquma ibhalansi yokujikeleza.
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Kuma-heat exchanger, ukwazi ububanzi bokuncibilika kusiza ukugwema ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi semicimbi yokushisa ngokweqile.
Ngakho-ke, lezi zindinganiso ezimbili aziwona nje amaqiniso aphathekayo — ziyizintoizinto ezibalulekile zobunjiniyelaukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukusebenza.
16. Ukuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezivamile ezingagqwali
| Impahla | 15-7PH | 304 | 316L |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuningi (g/cm³) | 7.80 | 8.00 | 8.03 |
| Ibanga Lokuncibilika (°C) | 1400–1450 | 1400–1455 | 1370–1400 |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (i-MPa) | 1100+ | 205 | 290 |
| Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi (°C) | 550 | 425 | 425 |
Lokhu kuqhathanisa kukhombisa ukuthiI-15-7PH inikeza amandla amangalisayocishe ngobukhulu obufanayo kanye nekhono lokushisa eliphakeme kunamazinga e-austenitic.
17. Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngezemvelo Nokuphepha
Ubuningi obuphakathi nendawo yokuncibilika kwe-alloy kanye nendawo yokuncibilika ephezulu kunegalelo ekusimeni nasekuphepheni:
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Ubuningi obuphansi kunciphisa isisindo sesakhiwo sonke, okusindisa amandla.
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Izinga lokuncibilika eliphezulu linikeza umkhawulo obanzi wokuphepha kokushisa.
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Ifilimu ye-oxide ezinzile inciphisa imijikelezo yokugcinwa kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni.
Enkonzweni yesikhathi eside, lokhu kusho ukuthiizindleko eziphansi zomjikelezo wokuphilafuthiukuthembeka okukhulu.
18. Izindinganiso Zemboni Ezibhekiselwe Kuzo
Insimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH ihambisana nalokhu:
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I-ASTM A693- Ipuleti Elingagqwali Eliqinisa Ukuna kweNyuka, Ishidi, kanye Nokuhlubula
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AMS 5659 / AMS 5520- Imininingwane Yezinto Zezindiza
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I-UNS S17700- Uhlelo Lokubala Oluhlangene
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Ukuqokwa kwe-Alloy ye-SAE 631
Lezi zindinganiso zichaza izidingo zayo zomzimba, zemishini, nezamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa nemingcele yobuningi kanye nobubanzi bokuncibilikisa esetshenziswa ekulawuleni ikhwalithi.
19. Isifinyezo Sedatha Eyinhloko
| Impahla | Insimbi Engagqwali engu-15-7PH |
|---|---|
| Ubuningi | 7.80 g/cm³ (7800 kg/m³) |
| Uhla Lokuncibilika | 1400 – 1450 °C (2550 – 2640 °F) |
| Amandla (Osekhulile) | 1250–1450 MPa |
| Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi | 550 °C |
| Isakhiwo | I-Martensitic, iqiniswe yimvula |
| Isigaba Sokuqina | I-Ni₃Al |
| Izicelo | Izindiza, Amakhemikhali, Amandla, Izingxenye Zokunemba |
20. Isiphetho
Iubuningi kanye nobubanzi bokuncibilikayensimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH —7.80 g/cm³futhi1400–1450 °C, ngokulandelana — chaza idumela layo njengei-alloy enamandla aphezulu, eqinile ngokwezinga lokushisaifanele izimboni ezidinga kakhulu.
Isisindo sayo esilinganiselayo, ukubekezelela ukushisa okubanzi, kanye nesakhiwo sayo esincane esizinzile kwenza kube yinto ethembekile yezingxenye ezivezwe kokubili ekucindezelekeni komshini kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
At I-SAKYSTEEL, sigxile ekuhlinzekeni ngensimbi engagqwali engu-15-7PH eqinisekisiwe ngamabha, amapuleti, izintambo, kanye namafomu enziwe ngokwezifiso, konke kuhlolwe futhi kulandelelwa ngokwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke. Ukugxila kwethu ekuletheniikhwalithi ehambisanayo, imishini enembile, kanye nokusebenza okuthembekilekumakhasimende emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-29-2025