Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Abubuwan Narkewar Karfe?

Matsakaicin narkewar ƙarfe wani abu ne mai mahimmanci na zahiri wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙarfe, masana'anta, sararin samaniya, kayan lantarki, da sauran masana'antu marasa adadi. Fahimtar wuraren narkewa yana ba injiniyoyi, masana kimiyyar kayan aiki, da masana'anta damar zaɓar madaidaitan ƙarfe don aikace-aikacen zafin jiki, ƙirar gami, da dabarun ƙirƙira. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu nutse cikin duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da wuraren narkewar karafa - menene ya shafe su, yadda ake auna su, da kuma yadda suke yin tasiri ga amfani da masana'antu na ƙarfe daban-daban.

Menene Matsayin Narkewa?

Thewurin narkewashine yanayin zafin da karfe ke canza yanayinsa daga kauri zuwa ruwa. Wannan yana faruwa ne a lokacin da atom ɗin ƙarfe suka sami isasshen kuzari don shawo kan kafaffen matsayi a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan tsari kuma suna motsawa cikin yardar kaina azaman ruwa.

• Raka'a: Ana auna yawanci a digiri Celsius (°C) ko Fahrenheit (°F).

• Muhimmanci: Ƙarfe masu narkewa suna da kyau don matsanancin yanayin zafi, yayin da ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe suna da sauƙi don jefawa da ƙira.

Me yasa Matsayin narkewa yake da mahimmanci a masana'antu?

Abubuwan narkewa suna tasiri kai tsaye:

1. Zaɓin kayan aiki- Misali, injin turbine yana buƙatar ƙarfe kamar tungsten ko molybdenum.

2. Hanyoyin sarrafawa– Welding, simintin gyare-gyare, ƙirƙira, da maganin zafi suna buƙatar ingantaccen ilimin halin narkewa.

3. Ma'aunin Tsaro da Injiniya- Sanin iyakoki na narkewa yana taimakawa wajen guje wa gazawar tsarin.

Abubuwan Da Suke Taimakawa Wuraren Narkewar Karfe

Yawancin masu canji suna tasiri wurin narkewa:

• Tsarin Atom: Karfe tare da madaidaicin tsarin atomic yawanci suna da maki narke mafi girma.

• Ƙarfin Bond: Ƙarfe masu ƙarfi suna buƙatar ƙarin zafi don karya.

• Najasa/Alloying: Ƙara wasu abubuwa (alloying) na iya ƙarawa ko rage wurin narkewar ƙarfe.

• Matsi: A ƙarƙashin matsanancin matsin lamba, wurin narkewa na iya bambanta kaɗan.

Wuraren Narkar da Ƙarfe na gama gari (Table Kwatanta)

Anan ga bayanin mai sauri don wuraren narkewa na karafa da ake amfani da su sosai:

Manyan Karfe Masu Narkewa Da Amfaninsu

1. Tungsten (W)

• Matsayin narkewa: 3422°C

• Aikace-aikace: Filaments a cikin kwararan fitila, nozzles na sararin samaniya, na'urorin lantarki.

• Me yasa: Matsayi mafi girma na duk karafa, manufa don matsananciyar juriya na zafi.

2. Molybdenum (Mo)

• Matsayin narkewa: 2623°C

• Aikace-aikace: sassan wuta, makamashin nukiliya, makamai na soja.

3. Tantalum (Ta)

• Matsayin narkewa: 3017 ° C

• Aikace-aikace: Kayan aikin likita, kayan lantarki, abubuwan haɗin sararin samaniya.

Ƙananan Ƙarfan Narkewa da Aikace-aikace

1. Zinc (Zn)

• Matsayin narkewa: 419.5°C

• Aikace-aikace: Die simintin gyare-gyare, galvanization na karfe.

2. Tin (Sn)

• Matsayin narkewa: 231.9°C

• Aikace-aikace: Solder, coatings ga sauran karafa.

3. Jagora (Pb)

• Matsayin narkewa: 327.5°C

• Aikace-aikace: Baturi, kariya daga radiation.

Abubuwan narkewa a cikin Tsarin Alloy

Alloys sau da yawa suna da jeri na narkewa maimakon maki masu kaifi saboda abubuwa masu yawa. Misali:

• Brass(Copper + Zinc): Matsayin narkewa ~ 900-940 ° C

• Tagulla(Copper + Tin): Matsayin narkewa ~ 950°C

• Bakin Karfe (18-8): Matsayin narkewa ~ 1400-1450 ° C

An ƙera waɗannan jeri a hankali don takamaiman amfani, kamar juriya na lalata, ƙarfin ɗaure, da juriya na zafi.

Auna Narkewar Points

Ana ƙaddara wuraren narkewa ta:

1. Daban-daban Thermal Analysis (DTA)

2. Thermocouple da Furnace Masu Zazzabi

3. Pyrometric Cone Daidai (na yumbu da ƙarfe oxides)

A cikin masana'antu, madaidaicin bayanan narkewa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kayan bisa ga ka'idodin ASTM, ISO, ko DIN.

Matsayin narkewa vs Boiling Point

• Matsayin narkewa: M ➝ Ruwa

• Wurin Tafasa: Liquid ➝ Gas

Don karafa, wurin tafasa yana da mahimmanci fiye da wurin narkewa. Misali,Tungsten yana tafasa a 5930 ° C, yana mai da shi manufa don tanda mara amfani da aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya.

Aikace-aikace Masu Bukatar Ƙarfe Masu Zazzabi

Wasu misalan inda manyan ƙarfe masu narkewa suke da mahimmanci:

• Injin Jet: Superalloys na tushen nickel.

• Jirgin sama: Titanium da kuma karafa masu jujjuyawa.

• Makaman Nukiliya: Zirconium, molybdenum.

• Makarantun Masana'antu: Tungsten, molybdenum, yumbu.

Matsalolin sake amfani da simintin gyare-gyare da simintin gyare-gyare

A lokacin sake amfani da ƙarfe, ana dumama karafa sama da wuraren narkewa don tsarkakewa da gyara su. Karfe kamaraluminumsun dace musamman don sake yin amfani da su saboda ƙarancin narkewarsu da sake sarrafa makamashi mai inganci.

Hanyoyin yin simintin gyare-gyare (misali, simintin yashi, simintin saka hannun jari) suma sun dogara sosai ga sanin ainihin bayanan narkewa don guje wa lahani.

La'akarin Tsaro Lokacin Tsara Ƙarfe Mai Girma

• Amfanitufafin kariyakumagarkuwar fuska.

• Shigarthermal rufia cikin kayan aiki.

• Aiwatar dana'urori masu auna zafin jikikumaatomatik shutoffs.

Ilimin abubuwan narkewa ba fasaha ba ne kawai - yana kuma sanar da ayyukan lafiya da aminci.

Kammalawa

Fahimtar wuraren narkewar karafa ba wai kawai yana da mahimmanci ga masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi ba, har ma ga masana'antun yau da kullun da masu zanen kaya suna zaɓar kayan da suka dace don aikin. Ko kuna samar da abubuwan haɗin sararin samaniya ko kayan dafa abinci masu sauƙi, wurin narkewa yana ƙayyade aiki, aminci, da dorewa.