Konke okufuneka uyazi malunga neeNcam zokuNyibilika kweeMetal?

Indawo yokunyibilika yesinyithi yipropathi esisiseko ebonakalayo edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisinyithi, ukuvelisa, i-aerospace, i-electronics, kunye nezinye iimizi-mveliso ezingenakubalwa. Ukuqonda iindawo zokunyibilika kuvumela iinjineli, izazinzulu ngezinto, kunye nabavelisi ukuba bakhethe iintsimbi ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu, ukwakhiwa kwealloyi, kunye nobuchule bokwenza. Kweli nqaku, siza kuntywila nzulu kuyo yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga neendawo zokunyibilika zesinyithi - zichaphazeleka ntoni, zilinganiswa njani, kwaye zinefuthe njani kushishino lweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni indawo yokunyibilika?

IIndawo yokunyibilikaliqondo lobushushu apho isinyithi sitshintsha isimo saso ukusuka kokuqinileyo ukuya kulwelo. Oku kwenzeka xa iiathom zesinyithi zifumana amandla awoneleyo ukoyisa iindawo zazo ezizinzileyo kwisakhiwo esiqinileyo kwaye zihamba ngokukhululekileyo njengolwelo.

• Iiyunithi: Ilinganiswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngeedegrees Celsius (°C) okanye Fahrenheit (°F).

• Ukubaluleka: Izinyithi eziphezulu zokunyibilika zifanelekile kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, ngelixa iindawo ezisezantsi zokunyibilika zilula ukuphosa kunye nokubumba.

Kutheni le nto indawo yokunyibilika ibalulekile kuShishino?

Amanqaku anyibilikayo anefuthe ngqo:

1. Ukukhethwa kwezintoUmzekelo, iiblade ze-iturbine zifuna iintsimbi ezifana ne-tungsten okanye i-molybdenum.

2. Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso-I-Welding, i-casting, i-forging, kunye nokunyangwa kobushushu kufuna ulwazi oluchanekileyo lokuziphatha okunyibilikayo.

3. Ukhuseleko kunye neMigangatho yobuNjineli- Ukwazi imida yokunyibilika kunceda ukuphepha ukungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo.

Imiba echaphazela iNyibiliko yeeNsimbi

Iinguqu ezininzi zinefuthe kwindawo yokunyibilika:

• Ulwakhiwo lweAtom: Iintsimbi ezinezakhiwo zeathom ezipakishwe ngokusondeleyo zihlala zineendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika.

• Bond Amandla: Iibhondi zetsimbi ezomeleleyo zifuna ubushushu obungakumbi ukuze buqhawuke.

• Ukungcola / ukuxutywa: Ukongeza ezinye izinto (i-alloying) kunokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa indawo yokunyibilika kwesinyithi.

• Uxinzelelo: Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo olunzulu, indawo yokunyibilika ingahluka kancinci.

Amanqaku anyibilikayo eentsimbi eziqhelekileyo (iTheyibhile yokuthelekisa)

Nantsi ireferensi ekhawulezayo yeendawo zokunyibilika zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu:

Iintsimbi eziNyibilikayo eziPhezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo

1. I-Tungsten (W)

• Indawo yokunyibilika: 3422°C

• Isicelo: Iifilaments kwiibhalbhu zokukhanya, imilomo ye-aerospace, i-electrode.

• Ngoba: Eyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika yazo zonke iintsimbi, ilungele ukumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo.

2. I-Molybdenum (Mo)

• Indawo yokunyibilika: 2623°C

• Isicelo: Amalungu eziko, amandla enyukliya, izixhobo zomkhosi.

3. IsiTantalum (Ta)

• Indawo yokunyibilika: 3017°C

• Isicelo: Ukufakelwa kwezonyango, i-electronics, i-aerospace components.

Izinyithi ezisezantsi zokunyibilika kunye nezicelo zazo

1. IZinc (Zn)

• Indawo yokunyibilika: 419.5°C

• Isicelo: Ukuphosa i-Die, i-galvanization yentsimbi.

2. Itoti (Sn)

• Indawo yokunyibilika: 231.9°C

• Isicelo: I-Solder, iingubo zezinye iintsimbi.

3. Khokela (Pb)

• Indawo yokunyibilika: 327.5°C

• Isicelo: Iibhetri, ukukhusela ngemitha.

Amanqaku anyibilikayo kwiiNkqubo zeAlloy

Iingxubevange zihlala zinemiyinge yokunyibilika endaweni yamanqaku abukhali ngenxa yezinto ezininzi. Umzekelo:

• Ubhedu(ICopper + Zinc): Indawo yokunyibilika ~900–940°C

• Ubhedu(Ubhedu + Tin): Indawo yokunyibilika ~950°C

• Intsimbi engatyiwa (18-8): Indawo yokunyibilika ~1400–1450°C

Olu luhlu luyilwe ngononophelo ukuze lusetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo, olufana nokumelana nomhlwa, amandla okuqina, kunye nokumelana nobushushu.

Umlinganiselo wamanqaku anyibilikayo

Amanqaku anyibilikayo amiselwa ngu:

1. Uhlahlelo lweThermal olwahlukileyo (DTA)

2. I-Thermocouple kunye ne-High-Temperature Furnaces

3. I-Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (yeeseramiki kunye neeoksidi zentsimbi)

Kwishishini, idatha yendawo yokunyibilika echanekileyo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni imathiriyeli ngokwe-ASTM, ISO, okanye imigangatho yeDIN.

Indawo yokuNyibilika vs indawo yokuBilisa

• Indawo yokunyibilika: Okuqinileyo ➝ Ulwelo

• Indawo yokubilisa: Ulwelo ➝ Irhasi

Kwizinyithi, indawo yokubilisa iphezulu kakhulu kunendawo yokunyibilika. Umzekelo,I-Tungsten ibilisa kwi-5930°C, iyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwiziko le-vacuum kunye nezicelo zendawo.

Izicelo ezifuna iiMetal ezinobushushu obuphezulu

Eminye imizekelo apho iintsimbi zokunyibilika zibalulekile:

• Iinjini zeJet: I-nickel-based superalloys.

• Iziphekepheke: I-Titanium kunye neentsimbi eziphikisayo.

• Izixhobo zeNyukliya: Zirconium, molybdenum.

• Amaziko oShishino: I-Tungsten, i-molybdenum, i-ceramics.

Ukurisayikilisha kunye nokuCandwa kweNgqwalasela

Ngexesha lokurisayikilisha, iintsimbi zifudunyezwa ngaphezu kweendawo zazo zokunyibilika ukuze zihlanjululwe kwaye zilungiswe. Iintsimbi ezifanaaluminiyamzikulungele ngokukodwa ukurisayikilishwa ngenxa yamanqaku azo aphantsi okunyibilika kunye nokuphinda kusetyenzwe ngendlela eyonga amandla.

Iinkqubo zokuphosa (umzekelo, ukuphosa isanti, utyalo-mali) zikwaxhomekeke kakhulu ekwazini iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zendawo yokunyibilika ukunqanda iziphene.

Iingqwalasela zoKhuseleko Ngexesha lokuPhathwa kweMetal ye-High-Temperature

• Sebenzisaiimpahla ezikhuselayokwayeizikhuselo zobuso.

• Fakaukufakwa kwe-thermalkwizixhobo.

• Phumezaabenzi bobushushukwayeukucima okuzenzekelayo.

Ulwazi lwamanqaku okunyibilika ayibobuchule kuphela—ikwanika ulwazi ngempilo nokhuseleko.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqonda iindawo ezinyibilikayo zesinyithi akubalulekanga nje kwizazinzulu kunye neenjineli, kodwa kunye nabavelisi bemihla ngemihla kunye nabaqulunqi bakhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi. Nokuba uvelisa izixhobo ze-aerospace okanye i-cookware elula, indawo yokunyibilika imisela ukusebenza, ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina.