ʻO nā mea a pau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka Melting Points of Metals?

ʻO ka helu hoʻoheheʻe o kahi metala he waiwai koʻikoʻi nui i ka metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, electronics, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā helu hoʻoheheʻe e hiki ai i nā ʻenekinia, nā mea ʻepekema waiwai, a me nā mea hana ke koho i nā metala kūpono no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka alloy, a me nā ʻenehana hana. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e luʻu hohonu mākou i nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i nā helu heheʻe o nā metala - he aha ka hopena iā lākou, pehea lākou e ana ʻia ai, a pehea lākou e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala like ʻole.

He aha ka lae hehee?

ʻO kawahi heheeʻo ia ka mahana e hoʻololi ai ke metala i kona kūlana mai ka paʻa a i ka wai. Hana ʻia kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu i nā ʻātoma o ka metala e lanakila ai i ko lākou kūlana paʻa i loko o kahi hale paʻa a neʻe manuahi e like me ka wai.

• Units: Ana maʻamau i nā degere Celsius (°C) a i ʻole Fahrenheit (°F).

• Mea nui: He mea maikaʻi nā metala hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe no nā kaiapuni wela loa, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā metala hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa e hoʻolei a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.

No ke aha he mea nui ka helu hehee ma ka ʻoihana?

He hopena pololei nā helu hehee:

1. Koho Mea- No ka laʻana, pono nā ʻāpana turbine i nā metala e like me tungsten a i ʻole molybdenum.

2. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana- ʻO ka wiliwili, ka hoʻolei ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela e pono ai ka ʻike pololei o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.

3. Palekana a me ka ʻenekinia- ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā palena hoʻoheheʻe e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā hemahema o ke kūkulu ʻana.

Nā mea e pili ana i nā kiko hehee o nā metala

Hoʻololi kekahi mau mea hoʻololi i ka helu heheʻe:

• Huina Atoma: ʻO nā metala me nā hale ʻātoma i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu heheʻe.

• Paʻa Paʻa: Pono nā mea paʻa metala ʻoi aku ka wela e wāwahi.

• ʻO nā haumia/Alloying: Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe (alloying) ke hoʻonui a hōʻemi paha i ka helu heheʻe o ka metala.

• Paʻi: Ma lalo o ke kaomi nui, hiki ke loli iki ka helu hehee.

Nā Lae heheʻe o nā metala maʻamau (Papa Hoʻohālikelike)

Eia kahi kuhikuhi wikiwiki no nā helu heheʻe o nā metala i hoʻohana nui ʻia:

ʻO nā metala hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana

1. Tungsten (W)

• Lae hehee: 3422°C

• Palapala noi: Nā filament i nā ʻōpuʻu kukui, nā nozzles aerospace, nā electrodes.

• No ke aha mai: Ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa o nā metala a pau, kūpono no ka pale wela loa.

2. Molybdenum (Mo)

• Lae hehee: 2623°C

• Palapala noi: Nā ʻāpana kapuahi, ka ikehu nuklea, nā mea kaua.

3. Tantalum (Ta)

• Lae hehee: 3017°C

• Palapala noi: Nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā mea uila, nā ʻāpana aerospace.

Nā Metala Hehe Haʻahaʻa a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana

1. Zinc (Zn)

• Lae hehee: 419.5°C

• Palapala noi: Die casting, galvanization of steel.

2. Tin (Sn)

• Lae hehee: 231.9°C

• Palapala noi: Solder, uhi no nā metala ʻē aʻe.

3. Ke kēpau (Pb)

• Lae hehee: 327.5°C

• Palapala noi: Nā ʻaʻa, pale radiation.

Na Lae Hoohehee ma na Aina Alloy

Loaʻa pinepine nā pae hoʻoheheʻe ma mua o nā kiko ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea. ʻo kahi laʻana:

• keleawe(Copper + Zinc): Wehe hehee ~900–940°C

• keleawe(Copper + Tin): Ka helu hehee ~950°C

• Ke kila kila (18-8): Ka helu hehee ~1400–1450°C

Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau pae no nā hoʻohana kikoʻī, e like me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka corrosion, ka ikaika tensile, a me ke kūpaʻa wela.

Ana o na Lae hehee

Hoʻoholo ʻia nā helu heheʻe e:

1. ʻIke ʻana wela ʻokoʻa (DTA)

2. Nā kapuahi Thermocouple a me nā kapuahi kiʻekiʻe

3. Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (no ka seramika a me ka metala oxides)

Ma ka ʻoihana, he mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻikepili helu hehee no ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā mea e like me nā kūlana ASTM, ISO, a i ʻole DIN.

Lae hehee vs Lae paila

• Lae hehee: Paʻa ➝ Wai

• Lae paila: Waiwai ➝ Gas

No nā metala, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu hoʻolapalapa ma mua o ka helu heheʻe. ʻo kahi laʻana,E hoʻolapalapa ʻo Tungsten ma 5930 ° C, i mea maikaʻi no nā umu ahi a me nā noi ākea.

Nā noi e koi ana i nā metala wela kiʻekiʻe

ʻO kekahi mau laʻana e pono ai nā metala hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe:

• Nā Enekinia Mokulele: ʻO nā superalloys kumu nikela.

• mokulele mokulele: Titanium a me nā metala refractory.

• Nukelea Reactors: Zirconium, molybdenum.

• Na kapuahi hana: Tungsten, molybdenum, seramika.

Noʻonoʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻolei ʻana

I ka wā hana hou, hoʻomehana ʻia nā metala ma luna o ko lākou mau wahi heheʻe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻoponopono iā lākou. Metala likealuminikakūpono loa i ka hana hou ʻana ma muli o ko lākou mau wahi heheʻe haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka ikehu.

ʻO nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe (e laʻa, ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke one, ka hoʻoheheʻe kālā) e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka ʻike pololei ʻana i ka ʻikepili helu heheʻe e pale ai i nā hemahema.

Noʻonoʻo palekana i ka wā o ka hana ʻana metala kiʻekiʻe

• Hoʻohanalole paleapale maka.

• Hoʻokomohoʻokaʻawale welai nā lako.

• Hoʻokōnā mea ʻike welaapani 'akomi.

ʻAʻole ʻenehana wale nō ka ʻike o nā wahi hoʻoheheʻe—hōʻike pū kekahi i nā hana olakino a palekana.

Ka hopena

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā helu heheʻe o nā metala ʻaʻole pono wale no nā ʻepekema a me nā ʻenekinia, akā no nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻolālā i kēlā me kēia lā e koho ana i nā mea kūpono no ka hana. Inā ʻoe e hana ana i nā ʻāpana aerospace a i ʻole nā ​​mea kuke maʻalahi, ʻo ka helu heheʻe e hoʻoholo i ka hana, palekana, a me ka lōʻihi.