Ngā Pereti Rino DH36 me EH36 mō ngā Papaaho Moana me ngā Taputapu o Runga Moana

I roto i ngā rāngai hangarau o taimoana me raro i te moana, me mahi pai ngā rauemi hanganga i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino — mai i te ahotea miihini teitei ki ngā pāmahana iti me ngā taiao wai tote kaha. Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi tino pono mō ēnei tono uaua koNgā pereti maitai DH36 me EH36, ngā maitai moana kaha-teitei i hangaia hei tu atu i ngā kawenga hihiri, ngā pānga, me te waikura moana kino. He mea nui ēnei maitai i roto i te hanganga ongā papaaho tai moana, ngā papa hinu, ngā turanga tāpoi hau, me ngā taputapu o raro moanainā kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te haumaru, te pakari, me te mahi.

At sakysteel, ka whakaratohia e mātou he tiwhiketeNgā pereti maitai DH36 me EH36e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa whakarōpūtanga o te ao (ABS, LR, DNV, BV, me ētahi atu) hei tautoko i te hanganga pono o ngā kaupapa miihini moana me te takutai moana puta noa i te ao.

1. He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Wāhanga Rino DH36 me EH36

DH36 me EH36he wāhanga o te whānau ASTM A131 o ngā maitai hanganga moana kaha-teitei. Ahakoa he rite te kaha me ngā āhuatanga miihini o ngā momo e rua, ko tō rāua rerekētanga kei rotopakari pānga— te pāmahana e taea ai e te maitai te mimiti i te pūngao me te kore e pakaru.

• DH36I whakamātauhia te pānga i te -20°C, he pai mō ngā taiao moana makariri.

• EH36I whakamātauhia te pānga i te -40°C, i hangaia mō ngā āhuatanga pāmahana tino iti pērā i ngā mahi i te Arctic me te moana hohonu.

He tino kaha te kaha o ēnei tohu ki te kume me te whakaputa, he tino pakari, he tino pai hoki te whakakoi, he mea tino pai mō ngā hanganga mata me ngā hanganga raro moana.

2. Te Hanganga Matū me ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa

He mea taurite te hanganga o ngā pereti maitai DH36 me EH36 kia kaha ai, kia pakari ai, me te kore e whakararu i tōna āheinga whakarewa.

Te Hanganga Matū Noa:

• Waro (C): ≤ 0.18%

• Manganēhi (Mn): 0.90–1.60%

• Hiraka (Si): 0.10–0.50%

• Whēkau (P): ≤ 0.035%

• Whānariki (S): ≤ 0.035%

• Ngā huānga whakakoi moroiti: Nb, Ti, V (mō te whakamahine me te pakari o te witi)

Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa:

• Kaha Hua: ≥ 355 MPa

• Kaha Kume: 490–620 MPa

• Te roa: ≥ 21%

• Te Pakari o te Pānga:

  • DH36: ≥ 34 J i te -20°C

  • EH36: ≥ 34 J i te -40°C

Mā tēnei huinga ka tino ātete ki te ngatata me te whakarerekētanga o te āhua, ahakoa i raro i ngā ahotea rerekē me te pāmahana iti.

3. Te Hiranga o te Rino Kaha-Teitei i roto i ngā Papaaho Moana

Ko ngā papa hinu me te hau o waho o te moana e tūtaki ana ki ētahi o ngā wero taiao me ngā wero whakahaere tino uaua. Me tu atu rātou ki ngā ngaru kaha, ki ngā kawenga hau, me ngā pānga waikura o te wai moana, me te tautoko anō hoki i ngā taputapu taumaha me ngā paipa.

Ngā pereti maitai DH36 me EH36e whakamahia whānuitia ana nā te mea e whakarato ana i:

• Te kaha kawe kawenga teiteimō ngā hanganga papa me ngā waewae.

• He ātete tino pai ki te ngengei roto i ngā āhuatanga kawenga huringa.

• Kaha te kaha o te pāngahei ārai i te pakarukaru.

• Mahi pumau i ngā pāmahana itie kitea ana i ngā wai hohonu me ngā rohe makariri.

Nā ēnei āhuatanga i waiho ai rātou hei rauemi tūāpapa mōngā waka whakaara ake, ngā papaaho ruku-haurua, me ngā whakaurunga pūmau ki tai.

4. Te Whakamahinga i roto i ngā Hanganga o Tāwāhi

a. Ngā taha o runga me ngā hanganga papa

E whakamahia ana ngā pereti DH36 me EH36 mō ngā papa me ngā kurupae tautoko e kawe ana i ngā mīhini taumaha, ngā taputapu keri, me ngā wāhi noho. Mā te ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha teitei ka whakarei ake i te pumau o te hanganga me te kore e whakanui ake i te taumaha o te papa.

b. Ngā Wāhanga o te Koti me te Waewae

I roto i ngā papaaho pūmau i tai, ko tengā waewae me ngā anga kotime ātete ki ngā kaha pēhi me ngā kaha piko o ngā ngaru me te hau. Mā te pakari o EH36 ka taea te whakamahi pono ahakoa te pāmahana wai i raro i te kore me te wiri tonu.

c. Ngā Pūnaha Whakaputa Mānu (FPSO, Ngā Waka Whakarewa-Hau-Nuku)

Ka pāngia ngā hanganga mānu e te nekehanga tonu me te ahotea ngenge. Ko te ātete teitei o te EH36 e whakarato ana i te haumaru mō te wa roa mō ngā waka, ngā pontoon, me ngā hanganga pou.

5. Ngā Whakamahinga Taputapu o Runga Moana

a. Ngā Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga o raro i te Moana

Ka tohatohahia e ngā manifold o raro moana te rere o te hinu me te hau i ngā hohonutanga nui. Mā te kaha pānga pāmahana iti pai o EH36 ka noho haumaru ēnei hanganga i raro i te pēhanga wai me ngā āhuatanga makariri o te wai moana.

b. Ngā Ipu Pēhanga me ngā Paipa o Runga Moana

Ka whakamahia te DH36 me te EH36 hei hangangā oko pēhanga o raro moana, ngā pū whakaara, me ngā tautoko paipa, e whakarite ana i te pumau o te miihini i raro i ngā pēhanga ā-roto me ngā ahotea wera.

c. Ngā Anga o te Pito me ngā Pūnaha Punga

Nā te pakari me te ngāwari ki te whakarewa o EH36, he mea tino pai mō ngā pūnaha punga raro moana me ngā anga tautoko pito e tika ana kia mahi pono i ngā taiao moana hohonu.

6. Te Hanga me te Mahi Whakarewa

Ngā pereti maitai DH36 me EH36e manakohia ana mō ā rātouhe tino pai te whakakoiKa taea te hanga mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga noa pēnei i:

• Te Whakarewatanga Āwhata Whakamarumaru (SMAW)

• Te Whakarewa Āwhata Ruku (SAW)

• Te Whakarewatanga Āwhata Konukura Hau (GMAW)

• Te Whakarewa Āwhata-Matua (FCAW)

Tā rātoute ōrite waro iti (CEV)ka whakarite kia iti rawa ngā whakaritenga whakamahana-mua, ā, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te pakaru i puta mai i te hauwai. Nā tēnei ka pai mō ngā hanganga whakarewa nui e kitea ana i roto i te hangarau taimoana me te raro moana.

At sakysteel, ka pāngia ngā pereti katoa ewhakamātautau ultrasonic (UT), whakamātautau pānga Charpy, me te manatoko ā-ahuhei whakarite i te pai o te whakarewa me te ōritetanga ā-mīhini.

7. Ātete ki te Waikura me ngā Paninga Tiaki

Kei te pāngia tonutia ngā hanganga o tai moana me raro moana e te waikura o te wai tote, te haumākū nui, me te mahi a ngā moroiti. Hei whakapakari i te ātete ki te waikura, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā pereti maitai DH36 me EH36:

• I pupuhihia, ā, i whakarerihia te toai mua i te tukunga.

• Kua pania ki te epoxy moana, ki ngā paninga whai konutea rānei.

• I tiakina mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha katotehei ārai i te waikura konukōre.

Mā ēnei maimoatanga ka roa te ora o te ratonga me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki i te roanga o te wā.

8. Te Mahi i roto i ngā Taiao Pāmahana-Iti

Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino kitea o ngā pereti maitai DH36 me EH36 ko ō rātoute pakari tino pai i te pāmahana itiKo te EH36, ina koa, e mau tonu ana te ngāwari me te ātete ki te pānga i ngā pāmahana iti iho i te -40°C, he mea tino pai mō ngā mahi Arctic, ngā kaipuke pakaru hukapapa, me ngā hanganga moana hohonu.

Mā tēnei āheinga ka ārai i ngā pakaru pakarukaru — he āwangawanga nui tēnei i ngā taiao makariri — kia mau ai te haumaru mahi me te roa o te hanganga.

9. Ngā Tiwhikete a te Rōpū Whakarōpūtanga

Ngā pereti maitai DH36 me EH36 i tukuna mai esakysteele tutuki ana, e hipa ana rānei i ngā whakaritenga a ngā rōpū whakarōpūtanga nui, tae atu ki:

• ABS (Tari Tukunga o Amerika)

• DNV (Te Tari Matua o Ngā Whenua o Norse)

• Te Rēhita a Lloyd (LR)

• Tari Veritas (BV)

• RINA, NK, me GL

Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka whakaūtia te tutuki i ngā paerewa hanga moana me te hanga taiwhenua o te ao, kia taea ai te whakamahi māia i ia pereti i roto i ngā tono kawenga nui.

10. Ngā Painga o te DH36 me te EH36 mō ngā Kaupapa o Tāmaki Makaurau me raro Moana