Nā Papa Kila DH36 a me EH36 no nā Paepae Moana a me nā Lakowai I Lalo o ka Moana

Ma nā ʻāpana ʻenekinia ma waho a me ka ʻenekinia ma lalo o ke kai, pono e hana pono nā mea kūkulu ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi - mai ke kaumaha mechanical kiʻekiʻe a hiki i nā mahana haʻahaʻa a me nā wahi wai paʻakai ikaika. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hilinaʻi loa no kēia mau noi koi ʻo iaNā papa kila DH36 a me EH36, nā kila kai ikaika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolālā ʻia e kū i nā ukana ikaika, nā hopena, a me ka palaho kai ʻino. He mea nui kēia mau kila i ke kūkulu ʻana onā kahua kai, nā ʻauwai aila, nā kahua turbine makani, a me nā lako ma lalo o ka moanakahi hiki ʻole ke kūkākūkā ʻia ka palekana, ke kūpaʻa, a me ka hana.

At sakysteel, hāʻawi mākou i ka mea i hōʻoia ʻiaNā papa kila DH36 a me EH36i hoʻokō i nā kūlana hoʻokaʻawale honua (ABS, LR, DNV, BV, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e kākoʻo i ke kūpaʻa o ke ʻano o nā papahana ʻenekinia moana a me ke kai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

1. Hoʻolauna i nā Papa Kila DH36 a me EH36

ʻO DH36 a me EH36he ʻāpana ia o ka ʻohana ASTM A131 o nā kila kūkulu kai ikaika kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai ʻo nā papa ʻelua e hāʻawi like i ka ikaika a me nā ʻano mechanical, aia ko lākou ʻokoʻa mapaʻakikī o ka hopena— ke ana wela e hiki ai i ke kila ke omo i ka ikehu me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana.

• DH36Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hopena ma -20°C, kūpono no nā wahi kai anuanu iki.

• EH36Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hopena ma -40°C, i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kūlana haʻahaʻa loa e like me ka Arctic a me nā hana kai hohonu.

Hōʻike kēia mau māka i nā ikaika tensile a me nā ikaika yield kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī koʻikoʻi, a me ka weldability maikaʻi loa, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea kūpono no nā ʻano ʻili a me nā ʻano subsea.

2. Ka Hoʻohui Kemika a me nā Waiwai Mechanical

Ua hoʻohālikelike pono ʻia ka haku mele ʻana o nā papa kila DH36 a me EH36 e hoʻokō ai i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia.

Ka Hoʻohui Kemika Maʻamau:

• Kalapona (C): ≤ 0.18%

• Manganese (Mn): 0.90–1.60%

• Silika (Si): 0.10–0.50%

• ʻO ka phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.035%

• Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.035%

• Nā mea hoʻohuihui microalloying: Nb, Ti, V (no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka palaoa a me ka paʻakikī)

Nā Waiwai Mekanika:

• Ikaika Hua: ≥ 355 MPa

• Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa: 490–620 MPa

• Elongation: ≥ 21%

• Paʻakikī o ka hopena:

  • DH36: ≥ 34 J ma -20°C

  • EH36: ≥ 34 J ma -40°C

Hoʻomaopopo kēia hui pū ʻana i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka nahā ʻana a me ka deformation, ʻoiai ma lalo o nā pilikia loli a me ka ʻike haʻahaʻa.

3. Ke Koʻikoʻi o ke Kila Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe ma nā Paepae Mokulele

Ke kū nei nā kahua aila a me ke kinoea ma waho o ke kai i kekahi o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni a me ka hana. Pono lākou e kū i nā nalu ikaika, nā ukana makani, a me nā hopena ʻino o ka wai kai, ʻoiai e kākoʻo ana i nā lako kaumaha a me nā paipu.

Nā papa kila DH36 a me EH36hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i:

• Ka mana hāpai ukana kiʻekiʻeno nā hale papahele a me nā wāwae.

• Ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka luhima nā kūlana hoʻouka cyclic.

• Ka ikaika hopena kiʻekiʻee pale aku i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka palupalu.

• Hana kūlike i nā mahana haʻahaʻai loaʻa ma nā wai hohonu a me nā wahi anu.

ʻO kēia mau ʻano e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kumu nonā lako hoʻouka kaua, nā kahua semi-submersible, a me nā hoʻonohonoho paʻa ma waho.

4. Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano hana ma waho o ke kai

a. Nā ʻaoʻao luna a me nā hale papahele

Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa DH36 a me EH36 no nā papahele a me nā kaola kākoʻo e hāpai ana i nā mīkini kaumaha, nā lako wili, a me nā wahi noho. ʻO ko lākou lakio ikaika-i-kaumaha kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa o ka hale me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaumaha o ka paepae.

b. Nā ʻĀpana ʻAʻahu a me nā Wāwae

Ma nā kahua paʻa ma waho o ke kai, kanā wāwae a me nā mōlina ʻaʻahupono e kū i nā ikaika compressive a me ke kūlou ʻana mai nā nalu a me ka makani. ʻO ka paʻakikī o EH36 e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hana hilinaʻi ʻoiai ke hōʻike ʻia i nā mahana wai ma lalo o ka zero a me ka haʻalulu mau.

c. Nā ʻōnaehana hana lana (FPSO, Semi-Submersible Rigs)

Ke alo nei nā hale lana i ka neʻe mau ʻana a me ke kaumaha luhi. ʻO ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka EH36 e hāʻawi i ka palekana lōʻihi no nā ʻili moku, nā pontoons, a me nā hale kolamu.

5. Nā Hana Hana o ka Luʻu Moana

a. Nā ʻAno Hana a me nā Hana o ka Iluku Moana

Hoʻolaha nā manifolds subsea i ke kahe ʻaila a me ke kinoea ma nā hohonu nui. ʻO ka ikaika hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi loa o EH36 e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e palekana kēia mau hale ma lalo o ke kaomi hydrostatic a me nā kūlana kai anuanu.

b. Nā moku kaomi a me nā paipu kai

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DH36 a me EH36 e kūkulunā moku kaomi o lalo o ka moana, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, a me nā kākoʻo paipu, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka pono mechanical ma lalo o nā kaomi kūloko e loli mau ana a me nā pilikia thermal.

c. Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa a me nā ʻōnaehana piko

ʻO ka paʻakikī a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o EH36 e kūpono ia no nā ʻōnaehana heleuma ma lalo o ka moana a me nā ʻōnaehana kākoʻo umbilical e pono e hana me ka hilinaʻi ma nā wahi kai hohonu.

6. Hana Hana a me ka Hana Kuʻihao

Nā papa kila DH36 a me EH36makemake ʻia no kā lākouhiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi loaHiki ke hana ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana maʻamau e like me:

• Kuʻihao Metal Arc Pale ʻia (SMAW)

• Kuʻihao Arc i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (SAW)

• Kuʻihao ʻAki Kinoea (GMAW)

• Kuʻihao Arc Flux-Cored (FCAW)

ʻO kā lākoulike kalapona haʻahaʻa (CEV)hōʻoia i nā koi preheat liʻiliʻi a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka haki ʻana o ka hydrogen. ʻO kēia ka mea e kūpono ai lākou no nā ʻano hana welded nui i loaʻa i ka ʻenekinia ma waho a me ka subsea.

At sakysteel, ke hele nei nā papa āpauka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ultrasonic (UT), ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hopena Charpy, a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka dimensionale hōʻoia i ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia a me ke ʻano like o ka mīkini.

7. Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pala a me nā uhi pale

Ua pilikia mau nā hale ma waho o ke kai a me lalo o ka moana i ka pala o ka wai paʻakai, ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hana microbial. No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā papa kila DH36 a me EH36:

• Pahu ʻia a hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka hale kūʻaima mua o ka lawe ʻana.

• Uhi ʻia me ka epoxy moana a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​primers waiwai i ka zinc.

• Palekana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana cathodice pale aku i ka pala galvanic.

Hoʻomaopopo kēia mau ʻano hana i ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mālama i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.

8. Hana ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa

ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā papa kila DH36 a me EH36 ʻo ia ko lākouka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kūikawā. ʻO EH36, ma ke ʻano kūikawā, mālama i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa e like me -40°C, e kūpono ai no nā hana Arctic, nā moku haki hau, a me nā hale hohonu o ka moana.

Pale kēia hiki i nā haki palupalu - kahi hopohopo nui i nā wahi anuanu - e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka palekana hana a me ke ola lōʻihi o ke kūkulu ʻana.

9. Nā Palapala Hōʻoia o ka Hui Hoʻokaʻawale

Nā papa kila DH36 a me EH36 i hoʻolako ʻia esakysteele hoʻokō a ʻoi aku paha i nā koi o nā hui hoʻonohonoho nui, e like me:

• ABS (ʻOihana Hoʻouna Moku ʻAmelika)

• DNV (Det Norske Veritas)

• Ka Papa Inoa o Lloyd (LR)

• ʻOihana Veritas (BV)

• ʻO RINA, NK, a me GL

Hōʻoia kēlā mau palapala hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana kūkulu moana a me ke kūkulu ʻana ma waho o ka ʻāina, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia kēlā me kēia pā i nā noi halihali koʻikoʻi.

10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o DH36 a me EH36 no nā Papahana ma waho a me lalo o ka moana