Iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 zeePlatforms zase-Offshore kunye nezixhobo zase-Subsea

Kwicandelo lobunjineli baselwandle nabasemanzini angaphantsi kolwandle, izinto zokwakha kufuneka zisebenze kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu - ukusuka kuxinzelelo oluphezulu loomatshini ukuya kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunye neendawo ezinoburhalarhume zamanzi anetyuwa. Phakathi kwezinto ezithembekileyo kwezi zicelo zinzima kukhoIipleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36, iintsimbi zaselwandle ezinamandla aphezulu ezenzelwe ukumelana nemithwalo enamandla, iimpembelelo, kunye nokugqwala okuqatha kolwandle. Ezi ntsimbi zibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweniamaqonga aselunxwemeni, izixhobo zeoyile, iziseko ze-wind turbine, kunye nezixhobo zangaphantsi kolwandleapho ukhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kungaxoxiswana ngako.

At i-sakysteel, sinikezela ngesiqinisekisoIipleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yokuhlelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe (i-ABS, i-LR, i-DNV, i-BV, kunye nabanye) ukuxhasa ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo seeprojekthi zobunjineli baselwandle nabaselwandle kwihlabathi liphela.

1. Intshayelelo kwi-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 Steel Grades

I-DH36 kunye ne-EH36ziyinxalenye yosapho lwe-ASTM A131 lweentsimbi zesakhiwo zaselwandle ezinamandla aphezulu. Nangona zombini ezi ntlobo zinika amandla afanayo kunye neempawu zoomatshini, umahluko wazo usekweukuqina kwempembelelo— ubushushu apho intsimbi inokufunxa khona amandla ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.

• DH36: Impembelelo ivavanywe kwi -20°C, ifanelekile kwiindawo zaselwandle ezibandayo ngokuphakathi.

• I-EH36: Impembelelo ivavanywe kwi -40°C, yenzelwe iimeko zobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu ezifana nemisebenzi yeArctic kunye nolwandle olunzulu.

Ezi ntlobo zibonisa amandla aphezulu okutsalwa nokukhupha iziqhamo, ukuqina okugqwesileyo, kunye nokudityaniswa kakuhle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele zombini izakhiwo eziphezulu nezingaphantsi kolwandle.

2. Ukwakhiwa kweeKhemikhali kunye neePropati zoMatshini

Ulwakhiwo lweepleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 lulungelelaniswe ngononophelo ukuze kufumaneke amandla kunye nokuqina ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukudityaniswa.

Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lweekhemikhali:

• Ikhabhoni (C): ≤ 0.18%

• IManganese (Mn): 0.90–1.60%

• I-Silicon (Si): 0.10–0.50%

• I-Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.035%

• I-Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.035%

• Izinto ezisebenzisa i-Microalloying: Nb, Ti, V (zokucoca iinkozo kunye nokuqina kwazo)

Iipropati zoomatshini:

• Amandla okuvelisa: ≥ 355 MPa

• Amandla okuThamba: 490–620 MPa

• Ukwandiswa: ≥ 21%

• Ukuqina Kwempembelelo:

  • DH36: ≥ 34 J kwi -20°C

  • EH36: ≥ 34 J kwi -40°C

Olu dibaniso luqinisekisa ukumelana okuphezulu kokuqhekeka kunye nokuguqulwa, nokuba phantsi koxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo kunye nokuvezwa kubushushu obuphantsi.

3. Ukubaluleka kweNsimbi enamandla kakhulu kwiiplatifomu zangaphandle

Amaqonga eoyile negesi aphesheya kolwandle ajongene neminye yemingeni enzima yokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza. Kufuneka amelane namaza anamandla, imithwalo yomoya, kunye nemiphumo yokutsha kwamanzi olwandle, konke oku ngelixa exhasa izixhobo ezinzima kunye nemibhobho.

Iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuba zibonelela:

• Umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalokwizakhiwo zedekhi kunye nemilenze.

• Ukumelana kakuhle nokudinwakwiimeko zokulayisha ezijikelezayo.

• Amandla aphezulu empembeleloukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kokuqhekeka.

• Ukusebenza rhoqo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsizifumaneka emanzini anzulu nakwiindawo ezibandayo.

Ezi mpawu zibenza babe zizinto ezisisisekoizixhobo zokufaka umbane, amaqonga angena emanzini kancinci, kunye nokufakelwa okuzinzileyo olwandle.

4. Isicelo kwiZakhiwo zase-Offshore

a. Izakhiwo zeTopsides kunye neDeck

Iipleyiti ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 zisetyenziselwa iidekhi kunye neeplanga zokuxhasa ezithwala oomatshini abanzima, izixhobo zokubhola, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Umlinganiselo wazo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kobunzima uphucula uzinzo lwesakhiwo ngaphandle kokunyusa ubunzima beplatifomu.

b. Izinto zeJacket kunye neLeg

Kwiiplatifomu ezizinzileyo zaselunxwemeni,imilenze kunye neefreyimu zejakethikufuneka imelane namandla oxinzelelo kunye nokugoba avela kumaza kunye nomoya. Ukuqina kwe-EH36 kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nokuba kubekwe kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero kunye nokungcangcazela okuqhubekayo.

c. Iinkqubo zeMveliso eziDadayo (i-FPSO, iiRigs eziNcibilika kancinci)

Izakhiwo ezidadayo zijongene nokuhamba okuqhubekayo kunye noxinzelelo lokudinwa. Ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-EH36 kubonelela ngokhuseleko lwexesha elide kwiigobolondo, iipontoons, kunye nezakhiwo zeekholamu.

5. Usetyenziso lweZixhobo zangaphantsi kolwandle

a. Iifolda kunye neZakhiwo zangaphantsi kolwandle

Iinqanawa ezingaphantsi kolwandle zisasaza ukuhamba kweoyile negesi kubunzulu obukhulu. Amandla aphantsi obushushu obuphantsi e-EH36 aqinisekisa ukuba ezi zakhiwo zihlala zikhuselekile phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic kunye neemeko zamanzi abandayo olwandle.

b. Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo kunye neepayipi zangaphantsi kolwandle

I-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 zisetyenziselwa ukwakhaizitya zoxinzelelo zangaphantsi kolwandle, izinyusi, kunye neenkxaso zepayipi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka koomatshini phantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olutshintshatshintshayo kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu.

c. Iifreyimu ze-Umbilical kunye neeNkqubo zokuNqamathela

Ukuqina kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-EH36 kwenza ukuba ilungele iinkqubo zokubambelela ezingaphantsi kolwandle kunye neefreyimu zenkxaso ye-umbilical ekufuneka zisebenze ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinzulu zolwandle.

6. Ukwenziwa kunye nokusebenza kweWelding

Iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36bathandwa ngenxa yaboukuwelda okugqwesileyoZingenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezifana nezi:

• Ukuwelda kwe-Arc yesinyithi esikhuselweyo (i-SMAW)

• Ukuwelda kwe-Arc efakwe emanzini (i-SAW)

• Ukuwelda kwe-Arc yeGesi yeMetal (GMAW)

• Ukuwelda kwe-Flux-Cored Arc (FCAW)

Zaboixabiso eliphantsi lekhabhoni (i-CEV)iqinisekisa ukuba kufuneka ubushushu obuncinci kwaye inciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka okubangelwa yi-hydrogen. Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kwizakhiwo ezinkulu ezidityanisiweyo ezifumaneka kubunjineli bamanzi angaphandle kolwandle nangaphantsi kolwandle.

At i-sakysteel, zonke iipleyiti ziyadlulauvavanyo lwe-ultrasound (UT), uvavanyo lwempembelelo yeCharpy, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobukhuluukuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa okungenasiphako kunye nokufana koomatshini.

7. Ukumelana nokugqwala kunye neengubo ezikhuselayo

Izakhiwo zaselwandle nezingaphantsi kolwandle zihlala zichatshazelwa kukugqwala kwamanzi anetyuwa, ukufuma okuphezulu, kunye nomsebenzi weentsholongwane. Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukugqwala, iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 zihlala zilandelayo:

• Idutyulwe kwaye ilungisiwengaphambi kokuba unikezele.

• Igqunywe nge-epoxy yolwandle okanye ii-primers ezityebileyo kwi-zinc.

• Ikhuselwe kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ze-cathodicukuthintela ukugqwala kwe-galvanic.

Olu nyango luqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo ende kwaye lunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

8. Ukusebenza kwiindawo eziphantsi kobushushu

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiipleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 kukubaubunzima obuphantsi obungaqhelekangaI-EH36, ngokukodwa, igcina ukuguquguquka kunye nokumelana nempembelelo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi njenge--40°C, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi ye-Arctic, iinqanawa zokuqhekeza umkhenkce, kunye nezakhiwo zamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle.

Olu buchule luthintela ukwaphuka okubuthathaka - into exhalabisa kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandayo - ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nobude bexesha lokwakhiwa.

9. Iziqinisekiso ze-Classification Society

Iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 ezibonelelwe yii-sakysteelukuhlangabezana okanye ukudlula iimfuno zemibutho ephambili yokwahlulahlula, kuquka:

• I-ABS (i-American Bureau of Shipping)

• I-DNV (Det Norske Veritas)

• Irejista kaLloyd (LR)

• I-Bureau Veritas (BV)

• I-RINA, i-NK, kunye ne-GL

Ezo ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokwakha yaselwandle nasemhlabeni wonke, ziqinisekisa ukuba ipleyiti nganye ingasetyenziswa ngokuzithemba kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zokuthwala umthwalo.

10. Iingenelo ze-DH36 kunye ne-EH36 kwiiprojekthi zaselwandle nangaphandle kolwandle