Qaybta Madhan
Sharaxaad Gaaban:
Qayb godan oo laba jibbaaran (SHS) waxay tilmaamaysaa nooc ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka birta oo leh isgoys laba jibbaaran oo gudaha ku jira. Waxaa si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha dhismaha iyo wax soo saarka codsiyada kala duwan sababtoo ah sifooyinka qaab-dhismeedka iyo bilicda.
Qaybta Dhismaha Madhan:
Qayb godan waxay tilmaamaysaa qaab bir ah oo leh xudunta godan waxaana si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa codsiyada kala duwan ee dhismaha iyo injineernimada. Ereyga "qayb godan" waa qayb ballaaran oo ka kooban qaabab kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan qaabab laba jibbaaran, leydi ah, wareegsan, iyo qaabab kale oo gaar ah. Qaybahan waxaa loogu talagalay inay bixiyaan xoog iyo xasillooni qaab dhismeed iyadoo inta badan la yareeyo miisaanka. Qaybaha godan waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa biraha sida birta, aluminium, ama alwaaxyo kale. Doorashada agabka waxay ku xiran tahay arrimo ay ka mid yihiin shuruudaha xoogga, iska caabbinta daxalka, iyo codsiga loogu talagalay.
Qeexitaannada Qaybta godan ee birta ah:
| Fasal | 302,304,316,430 |
| Heerka Caadiga ah | ASTM A312, ASTM A213 |
| Dusha sare | kulul oo la dubay oo la shiiday, la safeeyey |
| Teknolojiyad | Kulul la duubay, la alxamay, Qabow la sawiray |
| Dhexroorka Baxsan | 1/8″~32″,6mm~830mm |
| Nooca | Qaybta Godan ee Laba Jibaaran (SHS), Qaybta Godan ee Laydi ah (RHS), Qaybta Godan ee Wareega ah (CHS) |
| Maaddooyinka Cayriin | POSCO, Baosteel, TISCO, Saky Steel, Outokumpu |
Qaybta godan:
Qaybta Godan ee Laba Jibaaran (SHS):
Qaybta Godan ee Laba Jibaaran (SHS) waa qaab bir ah oo leh isgoys laba jibbaaran iyo gudaha godan. Si ballaaran loogu isticmaalo dhismaha iyo wax soo saarka, SHS waxay bixisaa faa'iidooyin sida hufnaanta xoogga-ilaa-miisaanka, kala duwanaanta qaab-dhismeedka, iyo fududaynta wax-soo-saarka. Qaabkeeda joomatari ee nadiifka ah iyo cabbirrada kala duwan ayaa ka dhigaya mid ku habboon dhismaha qaab-dhismeedka, qaab-dhismeedka taageerada, mashiinnada, iyo codsiyada kale. SHS waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa agab sida birta ama aluminium, waxay u hoggaansamaan heerarka warshadaha, waxaana loo daweyn karaa iska caabbinta daxalka.
Qaybta Godan ee Labajibbaaran (SHS) CABBIRKA/CABBIRKA MIISKA:
| Cabbirka mm | kg/m | Cabbirka mm | kg/m |
| 20 x 20 x 2.0 | 1.12 | 20 x 20 x 2.5 | 1.35 |
| 25 x 25 x 1.5 | 1.06 | 25 x 25 x 2.0 | 1.43 |
| 25 X 25 X 2.5 | 1.74 | 25 X 25 X 3.0 | 2.04 |
| 30 X 30 X 2.0 | 1.68 | 30 X 30 X 2.5 | 2.14 |
| 30 X 30 X 3.0 | 2.51 | 40 x 40 x 1.5 | 1.81 |
| 40 x 40 x 2.0 | 2.31 | 40 x 40 x 2.5 | 2.92 |
| 40 x 40 x 3.0 | 3.45 | 40 x 40 x 4.0 | 4.46 |
| 40 x 40 x 5.0 | 5.40 | 50 x 50 x 1.5 | 2.28 |
| 50 x 50 x 2.0 | 2.93 | 50 x 50 x 2.5 | 3.71 |
| 50 x 50 x 3.0 | 4.39 | 50 x 50 x 4.0 | 5.72 |
| 50 x 50 x 5.0 | 6.97 | 60 x 60 x 3.0 | 5.34 |
| 60 x 60 x 4.0 | 6.97 | 60 x 60 x 5.0 | 8.54 |
| 60 x 60 x 6.0 | 9.45 | 70 x 70 x 3.0 | 6.28 |
| 70 x 70 x 3.6 | 7.46 | 70 x 70 x 5.0 | 10.11 |
| 70 x 70 x 6.3 | 12.50 | 70 x 70 x 8 | 15.30 |
| 75 x 75 x 3.0 | 7.07 | 80 x 80 x 3.0 | 7.22 |
| 80 x 80 x 3.6 | 8.59 | 80 x 80 x 5.0 | 11.70 |
| 80 x 80 x 6.0 | 13.90 | 90 x 90 x 3.0 | 8.01 |
| 90 x 90 x 3.6 | 9.72 | 90 x 90 x 5.0 | 13.30 |
| 90 x 90 x 6.0 | 15.76 | 90 x 90 x 8.0 | 20.40 |
| 100 x 100 x 3.0 | 8.96 | 100 x 100 x 4.0 | 12.00 |
| 100 x 100 x 5.0 | 14.80 | 100 x 100 x 5.0 | 14.80 |
| 100 x 100 x 6.0 | 16.19 | 100 x 100 x 8.0 | 22.90 |
| 100 x 100 x 10 | 27.90 | 120 x 120 x 5 | 18.00 |
| 120 x 120 x 6.0 | 21.30 | 120 X 120 X 6.3 | 22.30 |
| 120 x 120 x 8.0 | 27.90 | 120 x 120 x 10 | 34.20 |
| 120 X 120 X 12 | 35.8 | 120 X 120 X 12.5 | 41.60 |
| 140 X 140 X 5.0 | 21.10 | 140 X 140 X 6.3 | 26.30 |
| 140 X 140 X 8 | 32.90 | 140 X 140 X 10 | 40.40 |
| 140 X 140 X 12.5 | 49.50 | 150 X 150 X 5.0 | 22.70 |
| 150 X 150 X 6.3 | 28.30 | 150 X 150 X 8.0 | 35.40 |
| 150 X 150 X 10 | 43.60 | 150 X 150 X 12.5 | 53.40 |
| 150 X 150 X 16 | 66.40 | 150 X 150 X 16 | 66.40 |
| 180 X 180 X 5 | 27.40 | 180 X 180 X 6.3 | 34.20 |
| 180 X 180 X 8 | 43.00 | 180 X 180 X 10 | 53.00 |
| 180 X 180 X 12.5 | 65.20 | 180 X 180 X 16 | 81.40 |
| 200 X 200 X 5 | 30.50 | 200 X 200 X 6 | 35.8 |
| 200 x 200 x 6.3 | 38.2 | 200 x 200 x 8 | 48.00 |
| 200 x 200 x 10 | 59.30 | 200 x 200 x 12.5 | 73.00 |
| 200 x 200 x 16 | 91.50 | 250 x 250 x 6.3 | 48.10 |
| 250 x 250 x 8 | 60.50 | 250 x 250 x 10 | 75.00 |
| 250 x 250 x 12.5 | 92.60 | 250 x 250 x 16 | 117.00 |
| 300 x 300 x 6.3 | 57.90 | 300 x 300 x 8 | 73.10 |
| 300 x 300 x 10 | 57.90 | 300 x 300 x 8 | 90.70 |
| 300 x 300 x 12.5 | 112.00 | 300 x 300 x 16 | 142.00 |
| 350 x 350 x 8 | 85.70 | 350 x 350 x 10 | 106.00 |
| 350 x 350 x 12.5 | 132.00 | 350 x 350 x 16 | 167.00 |
| 400 x 400 x 10 | 122.00 | 400 x 400 x 12 | 141.00 |
| 400 x 400 x 12.5mm | 152.00 | 400 x 400 x 16 | 192 |
Qaybta Godan ee Laydi ah (RHS):
Qaybta Godka Laydiga ah (RHS) waa qaab bir ah oo lagu garto isgoyskeeda leydiga ah iyo gudaha godan. RHS waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa dhismaha iyo wax soo saarka sababtoo ah waxtarkeeda qaab dhismeedka iyo la qabsiga. Qaab-dhismeedkani wuxuu bixiyaa xoog iyadoo la yareynayo miisaanka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyada kala duwan sida qaab-dhismeedka dhismaha, qaab-dhismeedka taageerada, iyo qaybaha mishiinnada. Sida Qaybaha Godka Laydiga ah (SHS), RHS waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa agab sida birta ama aluminium waxayna raacdaa heerarka warshadaha ee cabbirrada iyo qeexitaannada. Qaab-dhismeedkeeda leydiga ah iyo cabbirrada kala duwan waxay bixiyaan kala duwanaansho lagu daboolayo shuruudaha injineernimada gaarka ah.
Qaybta Godan ee Laydi (RHS) CABBIRKA/CABBIRKA MIISKA:
| Cabbirka mm | kg/m | Cabbirka mm | kg/m |
| 40 x 20 x 2.0 | 1.68 | 40 x 20 x 2.5 | 2.03 |
| 40 x 20 x 3.0 | 2.36 | 40 x 25 x 1.5 | 1.44 |
| 40 x 25 x 2.0 | 1.89 | 40 x 25 x 2.5 | 2.23 |
| 50 x 25 x 2.0 | 2.21 | 50 x 25 x 2.5 | 2.72 |
| 50 x 25 x 3.0 | 3.22 | 50 x 30 x 2.5 | 2.92 |
| 50 x 30 x 3.0 | 3.45 | 50 x 30 x 4.0 | 4.46 |
| 50 x 40 x 3.0 | 3.77 | 60 x 40 x 2.0 | 2.93 |
| 60 x 40 x 2.5 | 3.71 | 60 x 40 x 3.0 | 4.39 |
| 60 x 40 x 4.0 | 5.72 | 70 x 50 x 2 | 3.56 |
| 70 x 50 x 2.5 | 4.39 | 70 x 50 x 3.0 | 5.19 |
| 70 x 50 x 4.0 | 6.71 | 80 x 40 x 2.5 | 4.26 |
| 80 x 40 x 3.0 | 5.34 | 80 x 40 x 4.0 | 6.97 |
| 80 x 40 x 5.0 | 8.54 | 80 x 50 x 3.0 | 5.66 |
| 80 x 50 x 4.0 | 7.34 | 90 x 50 x 3.0 | 6.28 |
| 90 x 50 x 3.6 | 7.46 | 90 x 50 x 5.0 | 10.11 |
| 100 x 50 x 2.5 | 5.63 | 100 x 50 x 3.0 | 6.75 |
| 100 x 50 x 4.0 | 8.86 | 100 x 50 x 5.0 | 10.90 |
| 100 x 60 x 3.0 | 7.22 | 100 x 60 x 3.6 | 8.59 |
| 100 x 60 x 5.0 | 11.70 | 120 x 80 x 2.5 | 7.65 |
| 120 x 80 x 3.0 | 9.03 | 120 x 80 x 4.0 | 12.00 |
| 120 x 80 x 5.0 | 14.80 | 120 x 80 x 6.0 | 17.60 |
| 120 x 80 x 8.0 | 22.9 | 150 x 100 x 5.0 | 18.70 |
| 150 x 100 x 6.0 | 22.30 | 150 x 100 x 8.0 | 29.10 |
| 150 x 100 x 10.0 | 35.70 | 160 x 80 x 5.0 | 18.00 |
| 160 x 80 x 6.0 | 21.30 | 160 x 80 x 5.0 | 27.90 |
| 200 x 100 x 5.0 | 22.70 | 200 x 100 x 6.0 | 27.00 |
| 200 x 100 x 8.0 | 35.4 | 200 x 100 x 10.0 | 43.60 |
| 250 x 150 x 5.0 | 30.5 | 250 x 150 x 6.0 | 38.2 |
| 250 x 150 x 8.0 | 48.0 | 250 x 150 x 10 | 59.3 |
| 300 x 200 x 6.0 | 48.10 | 300 x 200 x 8.0 | 60.50 |
| 300 x 200 x 10.0 | 75.00 | 400 x 200 x 8.0 | 73.10 |
| 400 x 200 x 10.0 | 90.70 | 400 x 200 x 16 | 142.00 |
Qaybaha Godan ee Wareega ah (CHS):
Qaybta Godka Wareega ah (CHS) waa qaab bir ah oo lagu kala saaro isgoysyada wareegsan iyo gudaha godan. CHS waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa codsiyada dhismaha iyo injineernimada, iyadoo bixisa faa'iidooyin sida xoogga qaabdhismeedka, adkaanta qallooca, iyo fududaynta wax soo saarka. Qaab-dhismeedkan waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa xaaladaha qaabka wareegsan uu faa'iido leeyahay, sida tiirarka, tiirarka, ama walxaha qaab-dhismeedka ee u baahan qaybinta culeyska isku-dhafan.
MIISKA CABBIRKA/CABBIRKA Qaybta Godan ee RC-da (CHS):
| Birta magacaaban mm | Dhexroorka dibadda mm | Dhumucda mm | Miisaanka kg/m |
| 15 | 21.3 | 2.00 | 0.95 |
| 2.60 | 1.21 | ||
| 3.20 | 1.44 | ||
| 20 | 26.9 | 2.30 | 1.38 |
| 2.60 | 1.56 | ||
| 3.20 | 1.87 | ||
| 25 | 33.7 | 2.60 | 1.98 |
| 3.20 | 0.24 | ||
| 4.00 | 2.93 | ||
| 32 | 42.4 | 2.60 | 2.54 |
| 3.20 | 3.01 | ||
| 4.00 | 3.79 | ||
| 40 | 48.3 | 2.90 | 3.23 |
| 3.20 | 3.56 | ||
| 4.00 | 4.37 | ||
| 50 | 60.3 | 2.90 | 4.08 |
| 3.60 | 5.03 | ||
| 5.00 | 6.19 | ||
| 65 | 76.1 | 3.20 | 5.71 |
| 3.60 | 6.42 | ||
| 4.50 | 7.93 | ||
| 80 | 88.9 | 3.20 | 6.72 |
| 4.00 | 8.36 | ||
| 4.80 | 9.90 | ||
| 100 | 114.3 | 3.60 | 9.75 |
| 4.50 | 12.20 | ||
| 5.40 | 14.50 | ||
| 125 | 139.7 | 4.50 | 15.00 |
| 4.80 | 15.90 | ||
| 5.40 | 17.90 | ||
| 150 | 165.1 | 4.50 | 17.80 |
| 4.80 | 18.90 | ||
| 5.40 | 21.30 | ||
| 150 | 168.3 | 5.00 | 20.1 |
| 6.3 | 25.2 | ||
| 8.00 | 31.6 | ||
| 10.00 | 39 | ||
| 12.5 | 48 | ||
| 200 | 219.1 | 4.80 | 25.38 |
| 6.00 | 31.51 | ||
| 8.00 | 41.67 | ||
| 10.00 | 51.59 | ||
| 250 | 273 | 6.00 | 39.51 |
| 8.00 | 52.30 | ||
| 10.00 | 64.59 | ||
| 300 | 323.9 | 6.30 | 49.36 |
| 8.00 | 62.35 | ||
| 10.00 | 77.44 |
Astaamaha & Faa'iidooyinka:
•Naqshadeynta qaybaha godan waxay u oggolaanaysaa ilaalinta xoogga qaabdhismeedka iyadoo la yareynayo miisaanka. Naqshaddani waxay u suurtogelinaysaa qaybaha godan inay bixiyaan xoog dhisme oo sare marka ay qaadayaan culaysyo, oo ku habboon mashaariicda ay muhiim u yihiin tixgelinta miisaanku.
•Qaybaha godan, iyagoo samaynaya godad gudaha isgoyska, waxay si wax ku ool ah u isticmaali karaan agabka waxayna yareyn karaan miisaanka aan loo baahnayn. Naqshadeyntan qaab-dhismeedka waxay ka caawisaa yareynta kharashyada agabka iyadoo la ilaalinayo xoog ku filan oo qaab-dhismeed ah.
•Qaabkooda xiran awgeed, qaybaha godan waxay muujiyaan adkeysi qalloocan iyo laablaabasho oo aad u fiican. Hantidani waxay hubineysaa waxqabad deggan marka la wajahayo culaysyo qalloocan ama laablaaban.
•Qaybaha godan waxaa lagu soo saari karaa habab sida jarista iyo alxanka, waana ay fududahay in la isku xiro. Habkan wax soo saarka iyo isku xirka ee ku habboon wuxuu ka caawiyaa fududeynta dhismaha iyo wax soo saarka, isagoo hagaajinaya hufnaanta.
•Qaybaha godan waxaa ku jira qaabab laba jibbaaran, leydi ah, iyo wareegsan oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale qaabab kala duwan oo gaar ah oo ku salaysan baahiyo gaar ah. Dabacsanaantani waxay ka dhigaysaa qaybaha godan inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyo badan oo injineernimo iyo wax soo saar ah.
•Qaybaha godan waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa biraha sida birta, aluminiumka, iyo biraha kala duwan. Kala duwanaanshahani wuxuu u oggolaanayaa qaybaha godan inay buuxiyaan astaamaha agabka ee looga baahan yahay mashaariicda injineernimada ee kala duwan.
Halabuurka Kiimikada Qaybta godan ee qabow samaysay:
| Fasal | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| 301 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16-18.0 | 6.0-8.0 | - |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17-19 | 8.0-10.0 | - |
| 304 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-10.5 | - |
| 304L | 0.030 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18-20.0 | 9-13.5 | - |
| 316 | 0.045 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 10-18.0 | 10-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 |
| 316L | 0.030 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16-18.0 | 12-15.0 | 2.0-3.0 |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.0 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 16-18.0 | 0.60 | - |
Sifooyinka farsamada:
| Fasal | Xoogga Jilicsanaanta ksi[MPa] | Yiled Strengtu ksi[MPa] |
| 304 | 75[515] | 30[205] |
| 304L | 70[485] | 25[170] |
| 316 | 75[515] | 30[205] |
| 316L | 70[485] | 25[170] |
Tilmaamaha Su'aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo ee Qaybta Madhan:
Maxaad noo dooran lahayd?
•Waxaad ka heli kartaa agabka ugu habboon sida aad u baahan tahay qiimaha ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah.
•Waxaan sidoo kale bixinaa qiimaha gaarsiinta Reworks, FOB, CFR, CIF, iyo qiimaha gaarsiinta albaab ilaa albaab. Waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad sameyso heshiis ku saabsan dhoofinta oo noqon doona mid aad u dhaqaale badan.
•Agabka aan bixinno waa kuwo gebi ahaanba la xaqiijin karo, laga bilaabo shahaadada imtixaanka alaabta ceeriin ilaa warbixinta cabbirka ugu dambeysa. (Warbixinnadu waxay muujin doonaan marka loo baahdo)
•Waxaan dammaanad qaadaynaa inaan jawaab ku bixinno 24 saacadood gudahood (badanaa isla saacaddii)
•Bixi warbixinta SGS TUV.
•Waxaan si buuxda ugu heellannahay macaamiisheenna. Haddii aysan suurtogal ahayn in la buuxiyo shuruudahaaga ka dib marka la baaro dhammaan xulashooyinka, kuma marin habaabin doonno ballanqaadyo been ah oo abuuri doona xiriir macaamiil oo wanaagsan.
•Bixi adeeg hal-joojin ah.
Waa maxay qaybta godan?
Qayb godan waxay tilmaamaysaa qaab bir ah oo leh gudaha bannaan, oo ku imanaya qaabab sida labajibbaaran, leydi, wareeg ah, ama naqshado gaar ah. Qaybaha godan oo si caadi ah looga sameeyo birta, aluminium, ama alwaaxyada, ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhismaha iyo wax soo saarka. Waxay bixiyaan xoog leh miisaan yar, qaybinta agabka hufan, iyo kala duwanaansho codsiyada sida qaab-dhismeedka dhismaha, qaybaha mishiinada, iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan. Qaybaha godan waa la qabsan karaa, si fudud ayaa loo farsameeyaa, badanaana waa la siman yahay iyadoo lagu saleynayo cabbirrada iyo qeexitaannada, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo lagama maarmaan u ah mashaariicda injineernimada iyo qaab-dhismeedka kala duwan.
Waa maxay tuubooyinka godan ee leh qaybta isgoyska wareegsan?
Tuubooyinka godka leh oo leh isgoys wareegsan, oo badanaa loo yaqaan qaybaha godan ee wareegsan (CHS), waa qaab-dhismeedyo dhululubo leh oo gudaha madhan leh. Badanaa laga sameeyo agab sida birta ama aluminium, tuubooyinkan waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa dhismaha iyo wax soo saarka. Qaabkooda wareegsan wuxuu bixiyaa qaybin cadaadis oo isku mid ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon codsiyada sida tiirarka, tiirarka, iyo taageerada qaab-dhismeedka. Tuubooyinka wareegsan waxay bixiyaan adkaansho qalloocan iyo foorarsi oo wanaagsan, si fudud ayaa loo sameeyaa iyada oo loo marayo jarista iyo alxanka, badanaana waxay u hoggaansamaan cabbirrada caadiga ah si loo helo isku-dheellitirnaan iyo is-waafajin. Iyada oo leh kala-duwanaansho iyo la-qabsi, tuubooyinkani waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan warshado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha iyo mashiinnada.
Waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya qaybta godan iyo I beam?
Qaybaha godan waa astaamo bir ah oo leh gudaha godan, oo laga heli karo qaabab sida afargeesle, afargeesle, ama wareeg ah, oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo dhismaha iyo wax soo saarka. Waxay ka helaan xoog geesaha dibadda ee qaybta.I-beamsDhanka kale, waxay leeyihiin isgoys qaabaysan oo I ah oo leh flange adag iyo shabag. Iyada oo si ballaaran loogu isticmaalo dhismaha, I-beams waxay miisaanka ku qaybisaa dhererka dhismaha, iyagoo siinaya xoog guud. Doorashada u dhaxaysa waxay ku xiran tahay shuruudaha dhismaha gaarka ah iyo tixgelinta naqshadeynta.
Macaamiisheena
Jawaab celin ka timid Macaamiisheena
Qaybaha godan waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa biraha sida birta, aluminiumka, iyo biraha kala duwan. Kala duwanaanshahani wuxuu u oggolaanayaa qaybaha godan inay buuxiyaan astaamaha agabka ee looga baahan yahay mashaariicda injineernimada ee kala duwan. Qaababka joomatari ee qaybaha godan badanaa waxay leeyihiin soo jiidasho bilicsan oo ka badan qaybaha adag, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon mashaariicda halkaas oo naqshadeynta iyo bilicda ay yihiin tixgelin. Sababtoo ah isticmaalkooda waxtarka badan ee agabka, qaybaha godan waxay yareyn karaan qashinka kheyraadka, iyagoo la jaan qaadaya dhaqamada deegaanka u fiican.
Baakad:
1. Baakaduhu aad bay muhiim u yihiin gaar ahaan marka ay jiraan shixnadaha caalamiga ah oo shixnadaha ay maraan marinno kala duwan si ay u gaaraan meesha ugu dambeysa ee loo socdo, sidaa darteed waxaan si gaar ah uga walaacsannahay baakadaha.
2. Saky Steel waxay alaabtayada u xidhaa siyaabo kala duwan iyadoo lagu salaynayo alaabta. Waxaanu alaabtayada u xidhaa siyaabo kala duwan, sida,
