Ingxenye Engenalutho
Incazelo emfushane:
Ingxenye engenalutho eyisikwele (SHS) ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwephrofayili yensimbi enengxenye eyisikwele futhi engenalutho ngaphakathi. Ivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yokwakha neyokukhiqiza ngezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo nobuhle bayo.
Isigaba Sesakhiwo Esingenalutho:
Ingxenye engenalutho ibhekisela kuphrofayili yensimbi enomgogodla ongenalutho futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zesakhiwo nezobunjiniyela. Igama elithi "ingxenye engenalutho" liyisigaba esibanzi esihlanganisa izimo ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi isikwele, unxande, isiyingi, nezinye izimo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Lezi zingxenye zenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngamandla nokuqina kwesakhiwo ngenkathi ngokuvamile zinciphisa isisindo. Izingxenye ezingenalutho zivame ukwenziwa ngezinsimbi ezifana nensimbi, i-aluminium, noma ezinye izinhlobo. Ukukhetha izinto kuncike ezintweni ezifana nezidingo zamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
Imininingwane Yengxenye engenalutho yensimbi:
| Ibanga | 302,304,316,430 |
| Okujwayelekile | I-ASTM A312, i-ASTM A213 |
| Ubuso | okugoqiwe okushisayo, okucwebezelisiwe |
| Ubuchwepheshe | Okushisiwe Okushisayo, Okushisiwe, Okudonswe Ngokubandayo |
| Ububanzi obungaphandle | 1/8″~32″,6mm~830mm |
| Uhlobo | Isigaba Esiyimbobo Esiyisikwele (SHS), Isigaba Esiyimbobo Esingunxande (RHS), Isigaba Esiyimbobo Esiyindilinga (CHS) |
| Izinto Ezingavuthiwe | I-POSCO, i-Baosteel, i-TISCO, i-Saky Steel, i-Outokumpu |
Izingxenye zengxenye engenalutho:
Isigaba Esiyimbobo Esiyisikwele (SHS):
I-Square Hollow Section (SHS) iyiphrofayili yensimbi ene-cross-section eyisikwele kanye nengaphakathi eliyi-hole. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni nasekukhiqizeni, i-SHS inikeza izinzuzo ezifana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kuya kwesisindo, ukuguquguquka kwesakhiwo, kanye nokulula kokwenziwa. Isimo sayo sejometri esihlanzekile kanye nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kwenza ifanelekele ozimele bokwakha, izakhiwo zokusekela, imishini, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. I-SHS ivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezifana nensimbi noma i-aluminium, inamathela ezindinganisweni zemboni, futhi ingelashwa ukumelana nokugqwala.
Ithebula Lesigaba Esiyize Esiyisikwele (SHS) LOKULINGANISA/OSAYIZI:
| Usayizi mm | kg/m | Usayizi mm | kg/m |
| 20 x 20 x 2.0 | 1.12 | 20 x 20 x 2.5 | 1.35 |
| 25 x 25 x 1.5 | 1.06 | 25 x 25 x 2.0 | 1.43 |
| 25 X 25 X 2.5 | 1.74 | 25 X 25 X 3.0 | 2.04 |
| 30 X 30 X 2.0 | 1.68 | 30 X 30 X 2.5 | 2.14 |
| 30 X 30 X 3.0 | 2.51 | 40 x 40 x 1.5 | 1.81 |
| 40 x 40 x 2.0 | 2.31 | 40 x 40 x 2.5 | 2.92 |
| 40 x 40 x 3.0 | 3.45 | 40 x 40 x 4.0 | 4.46 |
| 40 x 40 x 5.0 | 5.40 | 50 x 50 x 1.5 | 2.28 |
| 50 x 50 x 2.0 | 2.93 | 50 x 50 x 2.5 | 3.71 |
| 50 x 50 x 3.0 | 4.39 | 50 x 50 x 4.0 | 5.72 |
| 50 x 50 x 5.0 | 6.97 | 60 x 60 x 3.0 | 5.34 |
| 60 x 60 x 4.0 | 6.97 | 60 x 60 x 5.0 | 8.54 |
| 60 x 60 x 6.0 | 9.45 | 70 x 70 x 3.0 | 6.28 |
| 70 x 70 x 3.6 | 7.46 | 70 x 70 x 5.0 | 10.11 |
| 70 x 70 x 6.3 | 12.50 | 70 x 70 x 8 | 15.30 |
| 75 x 75 x 3.0 | 7.07 | 80 x 80 x 3.0 | 7.22 |
| 80 x 80 x 3.6 | 8.59 | 80 x 80 x 5.0 | 11.70 |
| 80 x 80 x 6.0 | 13.90 | 90 x 90 x 3.0 | 8.01 |
| 90 x 90 x 3.6 | 9.72 | 90 x 90 x 5.0 | 13.30 |
| 90 x 90 x 6.0 | 15.76 | 90 x 90 x 8.0 | 20.40 |
| 100 x 100 x 3.0 | 8.96 | 100 x 100 x 4.0 | 12.00 |
| 100 x 100 x 5.0 | 14.80 | 100 x 100 x 5.0 | 14.80 |
| 100 x 100 x 6.0 | 16.19 | 100 x 100 x 8.0 | 22.90 |
| 100 x 100 x 10 | 27.90 | 120 x 120 x 5 | 18.00 |
| 120 x 120 x 6.0 | 21.30 | 120 X 120 X 6.3 | 22.30 |
| 120 x 120 x 8.0 | 27.90 | 120 x 120 x 10 | 34.20 |
| 120 X 120 X 12 | 35.8 | 120 X 120 X 12.5 | 41.60 |
| 140 X 140 X 5.0 | 21.10 | 140 X 140 X 6.3 | 26.30 |
| 140 X 140 X 8 | 32.90 | 140 X 140 X 10 | 40.40 |
| 140 X 140 X 12.5 | 49.50 | 150 X 150 X 5.0 | 22.70 |
| 150 X 150 X 6.3 | 28.30 | 150 X 150 X 8.0 | 35.40 |
| 150 X 150 X 10 | 43.60 | 150 X 150 X 12.5 | 53.40 |
| 150 X 150 X 16 | 66.40 | 150 X 150 X 16 | 66.40 |
| 180 X 180 X 5 | 27.40 | 180 X 180 X 6.3 | 34.20 |
| 180 X 180 X 8 | 43.00 | 180 X 180 X 10 | 53.00 |
| 180 X 180 X 12.5 | 65.20 | 180 X 180 X 16 | 81.40 |
| 200 X 200 X 5 | 30.50 | 200 X 200 X 6 | 35.8 |
| 200 x 200 x 6.3 | 38.2 | 200 x 200 x 8 | 48.00 |
| 200 x 200 x 10 | 59.30 | 200 x 200 x 12.5 | 73.00 |
| 200 x 200 x 16 | 91.50 | 250 x 250 x 6.3 | 48.10 |
| 250 x 250 x 8 | 60.50 | 250 x 250 x 10 | 75.00 |
| 250 x 250 x 12.5 | 92.60 | 250 x 250 x 16 | 117.00 |
| 300 x 300 x 6.3 | 57.90 | 300 x 300 x 8 | 73.10 |
| 300 x 300 x 10 | 57.90 | 300 x 300 x 8 | 90.70 |
| 300 x 300 x 12.5 | 112.00 | 300 x 300 x 16 | 142.00 |
| 350 x 350 x 8 | 85.70 | 350 x 350 x 10 | 106.00 |
| 350 x 350 x 12.5 | 132.00 | 350 x 350 x 16 | 167.00 |
| 400 x 400 x 10 | 122.00 | 400 x 400 x 12 | 141.00 |
| 400 x 400 x 12.5mm | 152.00 | 400 x 400 x 16 | 192 |
Isigaba Esiyindilinga Esingunxande (RHS):
Isigaba Esiyindilinga Esiyindilinga (RHS) siyiphrofayili yensimbi ebonakala ngesigaba sayo esingunxande kanye nengaphakathi eliyindilinga. I-RHS ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni nasekukhiqizeni ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwesakhiwo sayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Le phrofayili inikeza amandla ngenkathi inciphisa isisindo, okwenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene njengozimele besakhiwo, izakhiwo zokusekela, kanye nezingxenye zemishini. NjengeSigaba Esiyindilinga Esiyindilinga (SHS), i-RHS ivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezifana nensimbi noma i-aluminium futhi ilandela amazinga embonini ngobukhulu kanye nokucaciswa. Ukuma kwayo okungunxande kanye nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kunikeza ukuguquguquka ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo ezithile zobunjiniyela.
ITHEBULA LOKULINGANISA/OSAYIZI ELIYISIQENDU ELIYISIQENDU (RHS):
| Usayizi mm | kg/m | Usayizi mm | kg/m |
| 40 x 20 x 2.0 | 1.68 | 40 x 20 x 2.5 | 2.03 |
| 40 x 20 x 3.0 | 2.36 | 40 x 25 x 1.5 | 1.44 |
| 40 x 25 x 2.0 | 1.89 | 40 x 25 x 2.5 | 2.23 |
| 50 x 25 x 2.0 | 2.21 | 50 x 25 x 2.5 | 2.72 |
| 50 x 25 x 3.0 | 3.22 | 50 x 30 x 2.5 | 2.92 |
| 50 x 30 x 3.0 | 3.45 | 50 x 30 x 4.0 | 4.46 |
| 50 x 40 x 3.0 | 3.77 | 60 x 40 x 2.0 | 2.93 |
| 60 x 40 x 2.5 | 3.71 | 60 x 40 x 3.0 | 4.39 |
| 60 x 40 x 4.0 | 5.72 | 70 x 50 x 2 | 3.56 |
| 70 x 50 x 2.5 | 4.39 | 70 x 50 x 3.0 | 5.19 |
| 70 x 50 x 4.0 | 6.71 | 80 x 40 x 2.5 | 4.26 |
| 80 x 40 x 3.0 | 5.34 | 80 x 40 x 4.0 | 6.97 |
| 80 x 40 x 5.0 | 8.54 | 80 x 50 x 3.0 | 5.66 |
| 80 x 50 x 4.0 | 7.34 | 90 x 50 x 3.0 | 6.28 |
| 90 x 50 x 3.6 | 7.46 | 90 x 50 x 5.0 | 10.11 |
| 100 x 50 x 2.5 | 5.63 | 100 x 50 x 3.0 | 6.75 |
| 100 x 50 x 4.0 | 8.86 | 100 x 50 x 5.0 | 10.90 |
| 100 x 60 x 3.0 | 7.22 | 100 x 60 x 3.6 | 8.59 |
| 100 x 60 x 5.0 | 11.70 | 120 x 80 x 2.5 | 7.65 |
| 120 x 80 x 3.0 | 9.03 | 120 x 80 x 4.0 | 12.00 |
| 120 x 80 x 5.0 | 14.80 | 120 x 80 x 6.0 | 17.60 |
| 120 x 80 x 8.0 | 22.9 | 150 x 100 x 5.0 | 18.70 |
| 150 x 100 x 6.0 | 22.30 | 150 x 100 x 8.0 | 29.10 |
| 150 x 100 x 10.0 | 35.70 | 160 x 80 x 5.0 | 18.00 |
| 160 x 80 x 6.0 | 21.30 | 160 x 80 x 5.0 | 27.90 |
| 200 x 100 x 5.0 | 22.70 | 200 x 100 x 6.0 | 27.00 |
| 200 x 100 x 8.0 | 35.4 | 200 x 100 x 10.0 | 43.60 |
| 250 x 150 x 5.0 | 30.5 | 250 x 150 x 6.0 | 38.2 |
| 250 x 150 x 8.0 | 48.0 | 250 x 150 x 10 | 59.3 |
| 300 x 200 x 6.0 | 48.10 | 300 x 200 x 8.0 | 60.50 |
| 300 x 200 x 10.0 | 75.00 | 400 x 200 x 8.0 | 73.10 |
| 400 x 200 x 10.0 | 90.70 | 400 x 200 x 16 | 142.00 |
Izingxenye Eziyindilinga Ezingenalutho (CHS):
Isigaba Esiyindilinga Esiyindilinga (CHS) siyiphrofayili yensimbi ehlukaniswa yisigaba sayo esiyindilinga kanye nengaphakathi eliyindilinga. I-CHS isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kobunjiniyela, inikeza izinzuzo ezifana namandla esakhiwo, ukuqina kwe-torsional, kanye nokulula kokwenziwa. Le phrofayili ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho isimo esiyindilinga sinenzuzo, njengakumakholomu, izigxobo, noma izakhi zesakhiwo ezidinga ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo olinganayo.
ITHEBULA LOKULINGANISA/LOSAYIZI LE-RCircular Hollow Section (CHS):
| Ibhore elibizwa ngokuthi mm | Ububanzi obungaphandle mm | Ubukhulu mm | Isisindo kg/m |
| 15 | 21.3 | 2.00 | 0.95 |
| 2.60 | 1.21 | ||
| 3.20 | 1.44 | ||
| 20 | 26.9 | 2.30 | 1.38 |
| 2.60 | 1.56 | ||
| 3.20 | 1.87 | ||
| 25 | 33.7 | 2.60 | 1.98 |
| 3.20 | 0.24 | ||
| 4.00 | 2.93 | ||
| 32 | 42.4 | 2.60 | 2.54 |
| 3.20 | 3.01 | ||
| 4.00 | 3.79 | ||
| 40 | 48.3 | 2.90 | 3.23 |
| 3.20 | 3.56 | ||
| 4.00 | 4.37 | ||
| 50 | 60.3 | 2.90 | 4.08 |
| 3.60 | 5.03 | ||
| 5.00 | 6.19 | ||
| 65 | 76.1 | 3.20 | 5.71 |
| 3.60 | 6.42 | ||
| 4.50 | 7.93 | ||
| 80 | 88.9 | 3.20 | 6.72 |
| 4.00 | 8.36 | ||
| 4.80 | 9.90 | ||
| 100 | 114.3 | 3.60 | 9.75 |
| 4.50 | 12.20 | ||
| 5.40 | 14.50 | ||
| 125 | 139.7 | 4.50 | 15.00 |
| 4.80 | 15.90 | ||
| 5.40 | 17.90 | ||
| 150 | 165.1 | 4.50 | 17.80 |
| 4.80 | 18.90 | ||
| 5.40 | 21.30 | ||
| 150 | 168.3 | 5.00 | 20.1 |
| 6.3 | 25.2 | ||
| 8.00 | 31.6 | ||
| 10.00 | 39 | ||
| 12.5 | 48 | ||
| 200 | 219.1 | 4.80 | 25.38 |
| 6.00 | 31.51 | ||
| 8.00 | 41.67 | ||
| 10.00 | 51.59 | ||
| 250 | 273 | 6.00 | 39.51 |
| 8.00 | 52.30 | ||
| 10.00 | 64.59 | ||
| 300 | 323.9 | 6.30 | 49.36 |
| 8.00 | 62.35 | ||
| 10.00 | 77.44 |
Izici kanye nezinzuzo:
•Ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezingenalutho kuvumela ukugcina amandla esakhiwo ngenkathi kunciphisa isisindo. Lo mklamo wenza izingxenye ezingenalutho zikwazi ukunikeza amandla aphezulu esakhiwo lapho zithwala imithwalo, ezifanele amaphrojekthi lapho ukucabangela isisindo kubalulekile khona.
•Izingxenye ezingenalutho, ngokwenza izikhala ngaphakathi kwesigaba esiphambene, zingasebenzisa kahle izinto zokwakha futhi zinciphise isisindo esingadingekile. Lo mklamo wesakhiwo usiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zezinto zokwakha ngenkathi ugcina amandla anele esakhiwo.
•Ngenxa yesimo sazo esivalekile, izingxenye ezingenalutho zibonisa ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kokugoba nokugoba. Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile lapho ubhekene nemithwalo yokugoba noma yokugoba.
•Izingxenye ezingenalutho zingakhiqizwa ngezinqubo ezifana nokusika nokushisela, futhi kulula ukuzixhuma. Le nqubo yokukhiqiza nokuxhuma elula isiza ukwenza lula ukwakhiwa nokukhiqiza, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.
•Izingxenye ezingenalutho azibandakanyi nje kuphela izimo zesikwele, unxande, kanye neziyindilinga kodwa futhi nezimo ezehlukene ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisekelwe ezidingweni ezithile. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza izingxenye ezingenalutho zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zobunjiniyela nezokukhiqiza.
•Izingxenye ezingenalutho ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinsimbi ezifana nensimbi, i-aluminium, kanye nama-alloy ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvumela izingxenye ezingenalutho ukuthi zihlangabezane nezici zezinto ezidingekayo kumaphrojekthi ahlukene obunjiniyela.
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Kwengxenye engenalutho eyakhiwe ebandayo:
| Ibanga | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| 301 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16-18.0 | 6.0-8.0 | - |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17-19 | 8.0-10.0 | - |
| 304 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-10.5 | - |
| 304L | 0.030 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18-20.0 | 9-13.5 | - |
| 316 | 0.045 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 10-18.0 | 10-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 |
| 316L | 0.030 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16-18.0 | 12-15.0 | 2.0-3.0 |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.0 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 16-18.0 | 0.60 | - |
Izakhiwo zemishini:
| Ibanga | Amandla Okudonsa ksi[MPa] | Yiled Strengtu ksi[MPa] |
| 304 | 75[515] | 30[205] |
| 304L | 70[485] | 25[170] |
| 316 | 75[515] | 30[205] |
| 316L | 70[485] | 25[170] |
Umhlahlandlela Wemibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo Ngesigaba Esingenalutho:
Kungani Ukhetha Thina?
•Ungathola izinto ezifanele ngokwezidingo zakho ngentengo ephansi kakhulu.
•Siphinde sinikeze amanani okulethwa kabusha, i-FOB, i-CFR, i-CIF, kanye nomnyango nomnyango. Siphakamisa ukuthi wenze isivumelwano sokuthumela esizokonga kakhulu.
•Izinto esizihlinzekayo zingaqinisekiswa ngokuphelele, kusukela esitifiketini sokuhlola izinto ezingavuthiwe kuya esitatimendeni sokugcina sobukhulu. (Imibiko izovela ngokwesidingo)
•Siyaqinisekisa ukuthi sizophendula zingakapheli amahora angama-24 (ngokuvamile ngehora elifanayo)
•Nikeza umbiko we-SGS TUV.
•Sizinikele ngokuphelele kumakhasimende ethu. Uma kungenzeki ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho ngemva kokuhlola zonke izinketho, ngeke sikudukise ngokwenza izithembiso ezingamanga ezizodala ubudlelwano obuhle namakhasimende.
•Nikeza isevisi yokuma okukodwa.
iyini ingxenye engenalutho?
Ingxenye engenalutho ibhekisela kuphrofayili yensimbi enendawo yangaphakathi engenalutho, eza ngezimo ezifana nemiklamo yesikwele, engunxande, eyindilinga, noma eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi, i-aluminium, noma ama-alloy, izingxenye ezingenalutho zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni nasekukhiqizeni. Zinikeza amandla ngesisindo esincane, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezicelo ezifana nohlaka lwesakhiwo, izingxenye zemishini, nokuningi. Izingxenye ezingenalutho ziyaguquguquka, zenziwe kalula, futhi zivame ukulinganiswa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kanye nemininingwane, okwenza zibe ezibalulekile kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene obunjiniyela kanye nesakhiwo.
Ayini amashubhu angenalutho anesigaba esiyindilinga?
Amashubhu angenalutho anesigaba esiyindilinga, avame ukwaziwa ngokuthi izingxenye eziyindilinga eziyindilinga (CHS), ayizakhiwo eziyindilinga ezinengaphakathi elingenalutho. Ngokuvamile enziwe ngezinto ezifana nensimbi noma i-aluminium, la mashubhu asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni nasekukhiqizeni. Ukuma kwawo okuyindilinga kunikeza ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okufanayo, okwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa njengezinsika, izigxobo, kanye nezisekelo zesakhiwo. Amashubhu ayindilinga anikeza ukuqina okuhle kokugoba nokugoba, akhiwa kalula ngokusika nangokushisela, futhi avame ukunamathela ezilinganisweni ezijwayelekile ukuze kube nokuvumelana nokuhambisana. Ngokusebenziseka kalula nangokuvumelana nezimo, la mashubhu adlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kanye nemishini.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengxenye engenalutho kanye nomsebe we-I?
Izingxenye ezingenalutho ziyiphrofayili yensimbi enengaphakathi elingenalutho, elitholakala ngezimo ezifana nesikwele, unxande, noma isiyingi, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni nasekukhiqizeni. Zithola amandla emaphethelweni angaphandle engxenye.Imishayo ye-INgakolunye uhlangothi, inesigaba esifana ne-I esinomucu oqinile kanye ne-web. Njengoba isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, imisebe ye-I isabalalisa isisindo ngobude besakhiwo, inikeze amandla kuyo yonke indawo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwayo kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zesakhiwo kanye nokucatshangelwa komklamo.
Amaklayenti ethu
Impendulo Evela Kumakhasimende Ethu
Izingxenye ezingenalutho zivame ukwenziwa ngezinsimbi ezifana nensimbi, i-aluminium, kanye nama-alloy ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvumela izingxenye ezingenalutho ukuthi zihlangabezane nezici zezinto ezidingekayo kumaphrojekthi ahlukene obunjiniyela. Izimo zejometri zezingxenye ezingenalutho zivame ukuba nokukhanga okukhulu kobuhle kunezingxenye eziqinile, okwenza zifaneleke kumaphrojekthi lapho ukuklama nobuhle kuyizinto ezicatshangelwayo. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwazo izinto ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu, izingxenye ezingenalutho zinganciphisa imfucuza yezinsiza, zivumelane nemikhuba enobungani nemvelo.
Ukupakisha:
1. Ukupakisha kubaluleke kakhulu ikakhulukazi uma kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lapho imithwalo idlula khona ngemigudu eyahlukene ukuze ifike endaweni yokugcina, ngakho-ke sikhathalela kakhulu ukupakisha.
2. I-Saky Steel ipakisha izimpahla zethu ngezindlela eziningi ngokusekelwe emikhiqizweni. Sipakisha imikhiqizo yethu ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuthi,
