Ziziphi iindlela zokubumba nokubumba?

Ukwakha nokwakha zezona nkqubo zimbini zibalulekileyo zokuvelisa izinto zesinyithi. Ezi ndlela zisetyenziselwa ukubumba isinyithi ngokusebenzisa ubushushu noxinzelelo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iindawo eziqinileyo nezihlala ixesha elide. Ukwakha nokwakha kusetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana neenqwelo-moya, iimoto, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokuvelisa, apho kufuneka khona izinto ezinamandla aphezulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha nokwakha, iingenelo zazo, kunye nendlelaI-SAKYSTELibonelela ngezisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiimfuno zakho zokusebenza ngentsimbi.

1. Yintoni iForging?

Ukubumba yinkqubo yokuvelisa apho isinyithi sibunjwa ngokusebenzisa amandla okucinezela asekuhlaleni. Yenye yezona ndlela zindala zokusebenza ngesinyithi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iindawo ezifuna amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ekubumbeni, isinyithi sitshiswa kubushushu obuthile size emva koko sicinezelwe zizixhobo ezifana neehamile, iipress, okanye ii-dies.

Ukubumba kuphucula iimpawu zoomatshini besinyithi ngokucoca isakhiwo sengqolowa, okwenza izinto zibe namandla kwaye zifane ngakumbi. Le nkqubo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekudaleni izinto ezifana neegiya, iishafts, kunye nezinye iindawo ezinzima ezifuna ukumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nemithwalo yoomatshini.

Iintlobo zeendlela zokubumba:

• Ukuyila Okuvulekileyo: Kule ndlela, isinyithi sibekwa phakathi kweedayi ezimbini ezingabunjwanga, kwaye kusetyenziswa amandla ukubumba isinyithi. I-Open-die forging isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezinkulu okanye kwiimilo ezilula.

• Ukuyila okuValiweyo: I-closed-die forging isebenzisa ii-dies ezine-cavity ezibumba isinyithi sibe yimo efunekayo. Le ndlela ichaneke ngakumbi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimilo ezintsonkothileyo ngobuninzi.

• Ukuqengqeleka kweRoll: Kwi-roll forging, i-billet yesinyithi idlula kwii-roller ezijikelezayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ubukhulu bayo kwaye iyenze yande. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iindawo ezinde nezifanayo ezifana nee-shafts, ii-rods, kunye nee-bar.

I-SAKYSTELIbonelela ngeemveliso ezibunjiweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye nganye iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuqina, ukuqina, kunye nokuchaneka.

2. Yintoni iFomathi?

Ukwenziwa kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokubumba isinyithi ngokusebenzisa amandla oomatshini ukuyigoba, ukuyisolula, okanye ukuyicinezela. Ngokungafaniyo nokubumba, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa amandla okucinezela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iinkqubo zokwenza zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo zesinyithi ngokuzolula okanye ukucinezela izinto ngaphandle kokufudumeza kakhulu.

Iinkqubo zokwenza izinto zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iindawo ezibhityileyo, amashiti, kunye nezinto ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana neephaneli zomzimba zeemoto, izikhongozeli, kunye nezinto zoshishino. Ezi nkqubo zingenziwa zibanda okanye zishushu, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nemo efunekayo.

Iintlobo zeendlela zokubumba:

• Ukuqengqeleka: Ukuqengqeleka yinkqubo yokudlulisa isinyithi kwiirola ukuze kuncitshiswe ubukhulu bayo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa amaphepha, iipleyiti, kunye nemicu. Ukuqengqeleka kungenziwa kushushu okanye kubanda, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neempawu ezifunwayo.

• Ukukhupha: Kwi-extrusion, isinyithi sinyanzelwa ukuba sidlule kwi-diye ukuze senze imilo ende, eqhubekayo, efana nemibhobho, iintonga, okanye iiprofayili. Le ndlela iluncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni iindawo ezinee-cross-sections ezifanayo.

• Ukunyathela: Ukunyathela kubandakanya ukucinezela isinyithi kwidayi ukuze kwenziwe iindawo ezinemilo ethile. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iindawo ezifana neephaneli zomzimba zeemoto, izihlanganisi zombane, kunye nezixhobo zezixhobo.

• Umzobo: Ukuzoba yinkqubo apho isinyithi sitsalwa khona ngedayisi ukuze kuncitshiswe ububanzi okanye ubukhulu bayo. Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa ekwenzeni ucingo, iityhubhu, okanye ezinye iindawo ezinde nezincinci.

I-SAKYSTELibonelela ngeemveliso zesinyithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezihlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini afuna ukuchaneka namandla, iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo zenziwe ngokwemigangatho ephezulu.

3. Iindidi zeendlela zokubumba

Ukubumba kunokwahlulwahlulwa ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwinkqubo esetyenzisiweyo kunye nohlobo lwezixhobo ezibandakanyekayo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zokubumba zezi:

3.1 Ukubumba Okuvulekileyo

I-Open-die forging, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-free forging, ibandakanya ukubumba isinyithi ngokusibeka phakathi kwee-flat dies ezimbini kunye nokusebenzisa amandla ukucinezela izinto. Isinyithi sikhululekile ukuhamba kwicala lamandla asetyenzisiweyo, nto leyo ephumela kwimo efunekayo.

Iingenelo ze-Open-Die Forging:

• Ifanelekile kwiindawo ezinkulu nezilula.

• Ixabiso elifanelekileyo kwimveliso ephantsi.

• Inika ukuguquguquka kwimilo kunye nobukhulu.

Izicelo:

• Izinto ezinkulu ezifana neeshafts, iiringi, kunye nezinto ezinzima.

• Oomatshini abanzima nezixhobo zoshishino.

3.2 Ukubumba Okuvaliweyo

Kwi-closed-die forging, isinyithi sifakwa kwi-die enomngxuma othile, kwaye kusetyenziswa uxinzelelo ukuze kuzaliswe i-die ngokupheleleyo. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimilo ezintsonkothileyo ngocoselelo oluphezulu.

Iingenelo zeClosed-Die Forging:

• Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo.

• Amanani aphezulu emveliso kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo.

• Iipropati zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo eziphuculweyo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma.

Izicelo:

• Izinto zemoto ezifana neegiya, ii-crankshafts, kunye neentonga zokudibanisa.

• Iindawo zeenqwelo-moya, kuquka iibhleyidi ze-turbine kunye nezinto zokubopha.

3.3 Ukuyila iiDrop

I-Drop forging luhlobo lwe-closed-die forging apho i-hammer okanye i-die isetyenziselwa ukubetha isinyithi. I-hammer idla ngokuwiswa ukusuka phezulu ukuze inike isibetho esinamandla, ibumba isinyithi sibe yimo oyifunayo.

Iingenelo zokuLungisa iiDrop:

• Amandla aphezulu kunye nokufana.

• Ifanelekile kwizinto ezinamandla aphezulu ekufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye noxinzelelo.

Izicelo:

• Amashishini eemoto kunye neendiza.

• Izinto ezifana neegiya, ii-axles, kunye neenxalenye zenjini.

3.4 Ukwakha Okuphazamisekileyo

Ukufakelwa okuphazamisekileyo kubandakanya ukucinezela isinyithi ngendlela ebangela ukuba sinyuke ngomthamo, ngesiqhelo ngendlela yecandelo elijiyileyo. Oku kuluncedo ekudaleni izinto ezinamacandelo ajiyileyo, njengeebholiti, amantongomane, kunye nezinye izinto zokuncamathisela.

Iingenelo zokuQamba ngokuKhuthazeka:

• Ilungele ukwenza iindawo ezinobukhulu obufanayo.

• Ukomelela kwamandla kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo kwiindawo ezityebileyo.

Izicelo:

• Iibholiti, izibophelelo, kunye nezihlanganisi zemizi-mveliso.

• Izinto ezisetyenziswa koomatshini abanzima kunye neziseko zophuhliso.

4. Iintlobo zeendlela zokubumba

Iinkqubo zokubumba zibalulekile ekubumbeni iindawo zesinyithi kwaye zingenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neempawu ezifunwayo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokubumba zezi:

4.1 Ukuqengqeleka

Ukuqengqeleka yenye yezona nkqubo zokubumba ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, apho isinyithi sidlula kwiirola ezimbini ukuze sinciphise ubukhulu baso. Ukuqengqeleka kungenziwa nokuba kushushu okanye kubanda, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zezinto kunye nesimo sokugqibela esifunekayo.

Iingenelo zokuRolling:

• Ilungele ukwenza amaphepha, iipleyiti, kunye neebhari.

• Amanani aphezulu emveliso kunye nenkunkuma encinci.

• Ifanelekile kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zesinyithi, kuquka intsimbi, i-aluminium, kunye nobhedu.

Izicelo:

• Ukwenziwa kwezinto zokwakha ezifana neebhari, imijelo, kunye nee-engile.

• Ukuveliswa kwamacwecwe esinyithi abhityileyo okusetyenziswa kumashishini eemoto, ukupakisha, kunye nezixhobo.

4.2 Ukukhupha

Kwi-extrusion, i-billet yesinyithi inyanzelwa ukuba idlule kwi-diye ukuze yenze imo eqhubekayo, njengemibhobho, iintonga, okanye iiprofayili. Isinyithi siyacinezelwa ukuze silingane nemo ye-diye, kwaye inkqubo ingenziwa ishushu okanye ibanda.

Iingenelo ze-Extrusion:

• Ilungele ukwenza iindawo ezineenxalenye ezifanayo.

• Ifanelekile ukuvelisa iimilo ezinde nezintsonkothileyo.

• Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kuyilo kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Izicelo:

• Ukuveliswa kweefreyimu ze-aluminium, iityhubhu, kunye neentonga.

• Ukwenziwa kwemibhobho, iipayipi, kunye neeprofayili zesakhiwo sokwakha kunye neziseko zophuhliso.

4.3 Ukunyathela

Ukunyathela yinkqubo yokucinezela isinyithi kwidayi ukuze kudalwe iimilo okanye iindawo ezithile. Le yinkqubo ekhawulezayo esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini apho kufuneka khona imveliso enkulu.

Iingenelo zokuStampa:

• Ilungele imveliso enomthamo omkhulu.

• Ingadala iimilo ezintsonkothileyo ngocoselelo oluphezulu.

• Inciphisa inkunkuma yezinto kwaye yonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Izicelo:

• Iindawo zemoto, kuquka iiphaneli zomzimba kunye nezibiyeli.

• Izixhobo zombane ezifana nezihlanganisi kunye neetheminali.

4.4 Umzobo

Ukuzoba yinkqubo apho isinyithi sitsalwa khona ngedayi ukuze kuncitshiswe ubukhulu nobubanzi baso. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa ucingo, iityhubhu, kunye nezinye izinto ezinde nezincinci.

Iingenelo zokuzoba:

• Ivelisa iindawo ezinemiphezulu egudileyo kunye nobukhulu obuchanekileyo.

• Ilungele ukwenza iindawo ezinde neziqhubekayo.

• Ifanelekile kwiintsimbi eziqinileyo kakhulu.

Izicelo:

• Ukwenziwa kweengcingo kunye neentambo.

• Ukuveliswa kweendawo ezingenanto ezifana neetyhubhu kunye neepayipi.

5. Kutheni Ukhetha iSAKYSTEEL Yokwenza Nokubumba?

At I-SAKYSTEL, sigxile ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso zesinyithi ezibunjiweyo nezibunjiweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo. Iinkqubo zethu zokuvelisa eziphucukileyo kunye nezixhobo zesimanje ziqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo zethu ezibunjiweyo nezibunjiweyo ziveliswa ngemigangatho ephezulu yamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuchaneka.

Nokuba ufuna izinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zeenqwelo-moya, iimoto, okanye usetyenziso lokwakha, okanye ufuna iimveliso ezenziwe ngoomatshini bemizi-mveliso,I-SAKYSTELliqabane lakho elithembekileyo kuzo zonke iimfuno zakho zokwakha nokwakha.

6. Isiphelo

Ukwakha nokwakha ziinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokwenza izinto ezivumela ukuveliswa kwezinto zesinyithi eziqinileyo, ezihlala ixesha elide, nezisemgangathweni ophezulu. Ukusuka ekubumbeni okuvulekileyo ukuya ekunyatheliseni nasekukhupheni izinto ngendlela ephucukileyo, ezi ndlela zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kokwenza iindawo ezineempawu ezithile kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Ngokukhetha, ezi ndlela zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kokwenza iindawo ezineempawu ezithile kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.I-SAKYSTELNgokweemfuno zakho zokwenziwa nokwakhiwa, uqinisekisa ukuba izinto zakho zenziwe ngokwemigangatho ephezulu, zibonelela ngokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwizicelo ezifuna amandla.