Kutheni i-AH36, i-DH36, kunye ne-EH36 zikhethwa kakhulu kwizicelo zolwandle ezinamandla kakhulu

Ibanga lentsimbi	Amandla okuKhula (i-MPa)	Amandla okuThamba (MPa)	Uvavanyo loBushushu lweMpembelelo	Isicelo
AH36	355	490–620	0°C	Iinqanawa kunye needekhi eziqhelekileyo
DH36	355	490–620	-20°C	Izakhiwo zaselunxwemeni kunye nokuvezwa kwamanzi abandayo olwandle
I-EH36	355	490–620	-40°C	Iimeko zeArctic, iinqanawa zaselwandle olunzulu kunye neenqanawa ze-polar

Ibanga ngalinye libonelelaamandla okuvelisa angama-355 MPakunyeamandla okutsalwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-620 MPa, ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguquguquka kunye nokungaphumeleli phantsi komthwalo onzima.

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Ukwenziwa kweeKhemikhali

Ukwakheka kwe-alloy ye-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 kwenziwe ngononophelo ukuze kulinganisweamandla, ukuwelda, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lweeKhemikhali (%):

• Ikhabhoni (C):≤ 0.18

• IManganese (Mn):0.90–1.60

• I-Silicon (Si):0.10–0.50

• I-Phosphorus (P):≤ 0.035

• I-Sulfur (S):≤ 0.035

• I-Niobium (Nb), iVanadium (V), iTitanium (Ti):≤ 0.10

Ukongezwa kwezinto ezincinci ezifana ne-niobium kunye ne-vanadium kuphucula ubungakanani bengqolowa, kuphucula zombiniubulukhuni namandlaLe khemikhali ilawulwayo iqinisekisa ukuba iintsimbi zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima zaselwandle.

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Iipropati eziphambili zoomatshini

Onke amanqanaba amathathu ayilwe ukuze kufezekisweindibaniselwano efanelekileyo yamandla aphezulu okuvelisa, amandla okutsalwa, kunye nokuguquguquka.

• Unikeze Amandla:≥ 355 MPa

• Tensile strength:490–620 MPa

• Ubude (kwi-50 mm):≥ 21%

• Amandla eCharpy Impact:

  • AH36: Ivavanywe kwi-0°C

  • DH36: Ivavanywe kwi -20°C

  • I-EH36: Ivavanyiwe kwi -40°C

Ezi mpawu zenza i-AH36, i-DH36, kunye ne-EH36 zibe zezona zinto zikhethwayoizicelo zaselwandle ezinamandla aphezuluezimele zinyamezele ulwandle olulwayo kunye nemithwalo enzima.

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Kutheni i-AH36, i-DH36, kunye ne-EH36 zikhethwa kakhulu kwiShishini leeLwandle

1. Umlinganiselo oPhezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima

Enye yezona nzuzo ziphambili zezi klasi kukubaamandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima obuncitshisiweyoOku kuvumela abakhi beenqanawa ukuba bayile iinqanawa ezikhaphukhaphu ngaphandle kokubeka ukhuseleko esichengeni. Isiphumo kukubaukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamafutha, umthamo omkhulu womthwalo, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo, ukuhambelana neenjongo zanamhlanje zozinzo lolwandle.

2. Ukuqina Okugqwesileyo Kobushushu Obuphantsi

Iinqanawa ezisebenza kwiindawo ezibandayo okanye emanzini abandayo zifuna izinto ezigcina ukuqina kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero. I-DH36 kunye ne-EH36, ngakumbi, zivavanyelwa ukumelana nempembelelo kwi-20°C kunye -40°C, ukuqinisekisaukungakwazi ukuguquguquka kunye nokumelana nokuqhekekanokuba kwiindawo ezibandayo.

3. Ukumelana Okubalaseleyo Kokugqwala

Amanzi anetyuwa kunye nokufuma kuyakhawulezisa ukugqwala, nto leyo enokonakalisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo senqanawa. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ze-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 kubonelelaukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala kunye ne-oxidation, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeenqanawa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa.

4. Ukudityaniswa okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuLula kokwenziwa

Ezi ntsimbi zisebenza kakuhle kakhuluukuwelda ngaphandle kokufudumeza kwangaphambili, ngenxa yexabiso lazo eliphantsi lekhabhoni elinganayo (i-CEV). Zingadityaniswa kusetyenziswaI-SMAW, i-GMAW, okanye i-SAWiindlela ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni amandla okanye ukusebenza kwesakhiwo. Oku kuzenza zifaneleke kakhulu ekwenziweni kweendawo ezinkulu zeenqanawa.

5. Ukumelana nokudinwa kunye nokungcangcazela

Iinqanawa zaselwandle zihlala zijongeneuxinzelelo olujikelezayo oluvela kumaza, ukuhamba kwemithwalo, kunye nokungcangcazela kwe-propulsionIintsimbi ze-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 zinamandla aphezulu okudinwa, zinceda ekuthinteleni ukuqhekeka okuncinci kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuqina kwexesha elide kwiimeko ezinzima zenkonzo.

6. Ukuthobela iMigangatho eQinisekisiweyo yoMgangatho kunye neMigangatho yeHlabathi

Onke amanqanaba amathathu avunyiwe yimibutho emikhulu yokwahlulahlula:

• I-ABS (i-American Bureau of Shipping)

• Irejista kaLloyd (LR)

• I-Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

• I-Bureau Veritas (BV)

• Umbutho woHlelo lwaseTshayina (CCS)

Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iipleyiti zentsimbi zibonelelwai-sakysteelukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwamazwe ngamazwe ekwakheni iinqanawa kunye nobunjineli bamanzi angaphandle.

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Izicelo kwiZakhiwo zoLwandle eziNamandla aphezulu

1. Ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa

Iipleyiti ze-AH36 kunye ne-DH36 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiizakhiwo zenqanawa, iidekhi, kunye neefreyimu zeenqanawa zemithwalo, iitanki, kunye neenqanawa zesikhongozeli. Amandla azo anceda ukumelana noxinzelelo lwamaza kunye nemithwalo yempembelelo ngaphandle kokuguquka.

2. Amaqonga eoyile negesi angaphandle

Intsimbi ye-EH36, enokuqina kwayo okuphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ifanelekile kakhuluizixhobo zokugrumba ezikude nolwandle, iiyunithi zokugcina imveliso edadayo kunye nokukhupha impahla (FPSO)kunyeamaqonga angaphantsi kolwandleezisebenza kwiindawo zaselwandle ezinzima.

3. Iinqanawa ze-LNG kunye neze-Polar

Iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-EH36 zigcina ukuguquguquka okugqwesileyo kwiiimeko ezibangela i-cryogenic, ezenza zifanelekeabathwali begesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo (LNG), iinqanawa zokuqhekeza umkhenkce, kunye neenqanawa zohambo lweArctic.

4. Izicelo zoMkhosi woLwandle nezoKhuselo

Ngenxa yokudibanisa kwazo amandla, uyilo olukhaphukhaphu, kunye nokumelana neempembelelo, ezi ntsimbi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiinqanawa zomkhosi wamanzi, iinqanawa zokulinda, kunye neenqanawa zokhuselo, ukuqinisekisa ukulungela ukulwa okuphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukuqhubela phambili.

5. Iziseko zoPhuhliso loMoya noLwandle oluseLwandle olungaselunxwemeni

I-AH36, i-DH36, kunye ne-EH36 nazo zisetyenziswa kwiiziseko ze-wind turbine zaselwandle, iinkqubo zokubopha, kunye neefreyimu zokuxhasa, apho zibonelela ngokuxhathisa ukudinwa nokugqwala ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko zolwandle eziguquguqukayo.

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Iimpawu zokucubungula kunye nokuvelisa

1. Ukuqengqeleka Okushushu kunye ne-TMCP (Ukucubungula okuLawulwayo kweThermo-Mechanical):
   Ezi ntsimbi zenziwe nge-TMCP, zivelisa izakhiwo ezincinci ezicolekileyo eziphucula amandla kunye nokudityaniswa.

2. Ukwakheka:
   Ukuqina okugqwesileyo kwe-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 kuvumela ukugoba nokwenziwa lula ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukwakheka koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.

3. Ukusika kunye noMatshini:
   Iyahambelana neendlela zokusika i-plasma, i-oxy-fuel, kunye ne-laser, iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci kobushushu.

4. Unyango Lomphezulu:
   Iipleyiti zingafumaneka kwiidutyulwe, ilungisiwe, okanye igqunywe ngenguboukugqitywa ukuze komelezwe ukumelana nokugqwala ngexesha lokuthuthwa nokugcinwa.

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Uvavanyo kunye neSatifikethi

i-sakysteeliqinisekisa ukuba yonke ipleyiti ye-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 ivavanywa ngokuqatha ngaphambi kokuba ihanjiswe:

• Uhlalutyo loBume beeKhemikhali(i-spectrometry)

• Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile Strength kunye ne-Longation

• Uvavanyo lweCharpy V-Notch Impactkumaqondo obushushu athile

• Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT)kwiziphene zangaphakathi

• Ukuhlolwa koBume kunye noBuphezulu

Zonke iimveliso ziziswa ngeEN 10204 3.2 Izatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMila, eqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neemfuno zokuhlelwa.

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Iingenelo zokukhetha iintsimbi zaselwandle ze-sakysteel

Njengomvelisi ochwephesha kunye nomthengisi weentsimbi zaselwandle naphesheya kolwandle,i-sakysteelinikeza umgangatho wemveliso ongenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nenkxaso yabathengi:

• Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweubukhulu (5–150 mm)kwayeububanzi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,500 mm)

• Isiqinisekiso esivela kwiI-ABS, i-LR, i-DNV, i-BV, kunye ne-CCS

• Ubukhulu obulungiselelweyo kunye neenkonzo zokusika

• Ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo kunye nokupakishwa okufanelekileyo elwandle

• Inethiwekhi yokubonelela ngeenkonzo zehlabathi kwiindawo zokuloba iinqanawa kunye neeprojekthi zaselunxwemeni

Ngei-sakysteel, abathengi banokuthembela kwiipleyiti zentsimbi ze-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza nezokhuseleko ezifunekayo kushishino lwehlabathi lolwandle.

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Iindlela Zexesha Elizayo Kwizicelo Zentsimbi Yolwandle

Ikamva lokwakha iinqanawa kunye nobunjineli baselwandle libunjwa kukuqhubela phambiliizixhobo ezilula, ezisebenzisa amandla kakuhle, nezizinzileyoNjengoko iinqanawa zikhula zibe nkulu kwaye zikhetheke ngakumbi, imfunoiintsimbi eziphantsi ze-alloy ezinamandla aphezulunjenge-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 ziyaqhubeka nokunyuka.

Izicelo ezintsha ziquka:

• Iinqanawa zokuqhuba ezixutyiweyoifuna izixhobo zehakethi ezilungelelaniswe ngobunzima

• Imigodi yolwandle olunzulu kunye namaqonga okuhlolayakhelwe iimeko ezinzulu kakhulu

• Iitekhnoloji zokuthumela ngenqanawa eziluhlaza, apho iintsimbi ezimelana nokugqwala zinciphisa ukugcinwa kunye nokukhutshwa komoya

Ubuchule obuqhubekayo ekucutshungulweni kwentsimbi — okufanaukuqengqeleka kunye nokuxutywa kwe-thermo-mechanical— iqinisekisa ukuba la manqanaba aza kuhlala ephambili kubunjineli bezolwandle kangangeminyaka emininzi ezayo.

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Isiphelo

Kwindlela yokwakha iinqanawa zanamhlanje kunye nobunjineli baselwandle, ibhalansi phakathiamandla, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenzakubaluleke kakhulu.Iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36baye bazuza udumo lwabo njengezinto ezikhethwayoizicelo zaselwandle ezinamandla aphezulu, enika ukuqina okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokudityaniswa kuzo zonke iindawo.

Ukususela kwiinqanawa zorhwebo zemithwalo kunye neenqanawa zeoyile ukuya kwiinqanawa zophando lwe-polar kunye namaqonga aselunxwemeni, ezi ntsimbi ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuqina apho ukusilela kungeyondlela ifanelekileyo.

Ixhaswa ziziqinisekiso zehlabathi, ukwenziwa kwemveliso ngokuchanekileyo, kunye neminyaka emininzi yobuchule bokunyibilikisa isinyithi,i-sakysteeliyaqhubeka nokuhambisa iipleyiti zokwakha iinqanawa ze-AH36, DH36, kunye ne-EH36 ezibeka umgangatho wobuchule bolwandle. Njengoko ihlabathi leenqanawa lisiya phambili ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo, okucocekileyo, nokusebenza kakuhle, ezi ntsimbi zinamandla zihlala zisisiseko sokwakha iinqanawa kunye nezakhiwo zaselunxwemeni zexesha elizayo.