Menene I Beam?

I-bim, kuma aka sani daH-biyu, suna daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a tsarin aikin injiniya da gine-gine na zamani. Alamar suI- ko H mai siffar giciyeyana ba su kyakkyawan ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi yayin da rage yawan amfani da kayan aiki, yana sa su dace don aikace-aikacen da yawa daga gine-gine da gadoji zuwa ginin jirgi da tsarin masana'antu.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu nutse cikin zurfin cikinau'ikan I-beams, sutsarin jiki, kumame yasa suke da mahimmancia cikin ayyukan gine-gine da ayyukan more rayuwa.

Ⅰ. Nau'in I-Beams da Halayensu

Ba duk I-beams ne iri ɗaya ba. Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa dangane da siffa, faɗin flange, da kaurin yanar gizo. Kowane nau'i yana hidima daban-daban dalilai na tsari dangane da buƙatun kaya, yanayin tallafi, da ƙa'idodin ƙira.

1. Standard I-Beams (S-Beams)

Har ila yau ana magana a kai a matsayinI-bim, daS-bimyana daya daga cikin mafi asali kuma na gargajiya siffofin. Ana yawan amfani dashi a Arewacin Amurka kuma yayi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ASTM A6/A992.

  • Parallel Flanges: I-beams suna da layi daya (wani lokaci dan kadan tapered) flanges.

  • Maƙarƙashiyar Faɗin Flange: Flanges ɗin su sun fi kunkuntar idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan katako mai faɗi.

  • Ƙarfin nauyi: Saboda ƙananan flanges da ƙananan shafukan yanar gizo, daidaitattun I-beams sun dace da ƙananan kaya kuma ana amfani da su a cikin ƙananan ayyukan gine-gine.

  • Akwai Tsawon Su: YawancinI-bimana samar da tsayi har zuwa ƙafa 100.

  • Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun: Gishiri na bene, katakon rufin, da tsarin tallafi a cikin ƙananan gine-gine.

2. H-Piles.

H-tunisu ne katako masu nauyi waɗanda aka tsara musamman don tushe mai zurfi da tsarin tarawa.

  • Fadi, Kauri Flanges: Faɗin flange yana ƙara ƙarfin juriya na gefe da axial.

  • Daidaitaccen Kauri: Flange da gidan yanar gizo galibi suna da kauri daidai gwargwado don rarraba ƙarfi iri ɗaya.

  • Haushi Mai nauyi: H-piles an gina su don tuƙi a tsaye cikin ƙasa ko gadon gado kuma suna iya ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa.

  • Ana amfani dashi a cikin Tushen: Mafi dacewa ga gadoji, manyan gine-gine, tsarin ruwa, da sauran manyan aikace-aikacen injiniya na farar hula.

  • Ƙirar Ƙira: Sau da yawa ya dace da ASTM A572 Grade 50 ko makamantansu.

3. W-Beams (Mai Faɗin Flange Beams)

W-biyu, koFaɗin Flange Beams, sune nau'ikan katako da aka fi amfani da su a cikin ginin zamani.

    • Faɗin Flanges: Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun I-beams, W-beams suna da flanges waɗanda suka fi fadi kuma sau da yawa mafi girma.

    • Kauri mai canzawa: Flange da kauri na yanar gizo na iya bambanta dangane da girman da aikace-aikacen, wanda ke ba da ƙarin sassauci a cikin ƙirar tsari.

    • Babban Ƙarfi-zuwa-Nauyi Ratio: Kyakkyawan siffar W-beam yana haɓaka ƙarfi yayin da rage nauyin kayan gabaɗaya.

    • Aikace-aikace iri-iri: Manyan gine-gine, gine-ginen karfe, gadoji, ginin jirgi, da dandamali na masana'antu.

    • Amfanin Duniya: Na kowa a Turai, Asiya, da Amurka; Yawancin lokaci ana kera su zuwa EN 10024, JIS G3192, ko matsayin ASTM A992.

Bakin karfe HI Beam weld line

Thebakin karfe H/I katako welded layibabban tsari ne na samarwa da ake amfani da shi don kera katako ta hanyarHaɗuwa da faranti na bakin karfe ta hanyar waldawar baka (SAW) or TIG/MIG waldidabaru. A cikin wannan tsari, kowane flange da faranti na gidan yanar gizo ana haɗa su daidai kuma suna ci gaba da walda su don samar da abin da ake so.H-beam ko I-beam profile. Gilashin da aka yi wa walda suna ba da kyakkyawan ƙarfin injina, juriyar lalata, da daidaiton girma. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar sosai don samarwaal'ada-size biamdon aikace-aikacen gine-gine, ruwa, da masana'antu inda babu daidaitattun masu girma dabam masu zafi. Tsarin walda yana tabbatar dacikakken shiga da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi, ƙyale katako ya ɗauki nauyin tsari mai nauyi yayin da yake riƙe da mafi girman juriya na bakin karfe.

Ⅱ. Anatomy na I-Beam

Fahimtar tsarin I-beam shine mabuɗin don sanin dalilin da yasa yake yin aiki sosai a ƙarƙashin damuwa.

1. Flanges

  • Thesaman da kasa a kwance farantina katako.

  • An tsara don tsayayyalokacin lankwasawa, suna magance matsananciyar matsananciyar damuwa.

  • Flange nisa da kauri sun fi mayar ƙayyade daƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na katako.

2. Yanar Gizo

  • Thefarantin tsayehaɗa flanges.

  • An tsara don tsayayyakarfi karfi, musamman a tsakiyar katako.

  • Kaurin yanar gizo yana tasiri gagaba ɗaya ƙarfi ƙarfida taurin katako.

3. Sashe Modulus da Lokacin Inertia

    • Sashe na Modulwani abu ne na geometric wanda ke bayyana ƙarfin katako don tsayayya da lankwasawa.

    • Lokacin Inertiaauna juriya ga jujjuyawa.

    • Na musammanI-siffayana ba da kyakkyawan ma'auni na babban ƙarfin lokaci tare da ƙananan amfani da kayan aiki.

Bakin Karfe HI Beam R Angle Polishing

TheR kwana polishingtsari ga bakin karfe H/I katako yana nufindaidaitaccen gogewa na ciki da na waje fillet (radius) sasannintainda flange da yanar gizo hadu. Wannan tsari yana inganta yanayinsmoothness na samankumam rokona katako yayin da kuma ingantajuriya lalatata hanyar cire canza launin walda, oxides, da rashin ƙarfi na saman a cikin yankuna masu lanƙwasa. R angle polishing yana da mahimmanci musamman gaaikace-aikace na gine-gine, tsafta da tsafta, inda duka bayyanar da tsabta suke da mahimmanci. Sasannin radius da aka goge suna haifar dagama uniform, rage haɗarin haɓakar gurɓatawa, da sauƙaƙe tsaftacewa mai sauƙi. Wannan matakin ƙarewa galibi ana haɗa shi tare da cikakken goge ƙasa (misali, No.4 ko gama madubi) don saduwa da tsaurikayan ado ko matakan aiki.

Ⅲ. Aikace-aikace na I-Beams a Gine-gine

Saboda ƙarfin ƙarfinsu da ingantaccen tsarin su, I-beams da H-beams ana amfani da su a kusan kowane nau'in gini da aikin injiniya mai nauyi.

1. Gine-ginen Kasuwanci da na Gidaje

  • Babban Tsarin Tsari: Ana amfani da shi a cikin ginshiƙai, katako, da ƙugiya don tallafawa gine-ginen bene.

  • Rufin Rufin da Tsarin bene: I-beams suna zama wani ɓangare na kwarangwal wanda ke goyan bayan benaye da rufin.

  • Platform Masana'antu da Mezzanines: Babban nauyin nauyin nauyin su yana da kyau don gina ginin mezzanine.

2. Ayyukan Gina Jiki

  • Gada da Ketare: W-beams da H-piles ana amfani dasu akai-akai a cikin gada da goyan bayan bene.

  • Tsarin Railway: I-beams ana amfani da su a cikin gadaje waƙa da firam masu goyan baya.

  • Manyan hanyoyi: Guardrails sau da yawa amfani da W-beam karfe profiles don tasiri juriya.

3. Injiniyan Ruwa da Ruwa

  • Kayayyakin Port da Piers: H-tari da aka kora zuwa cikin ƙasan ruwa suna samar da tushe na tushe.

  • Gina jirgin ruwa: Ana amfani da katako mai nauyi amma mai ƙarfi a cikin firam ɗin ƙugiya da bene.

4. Masana'antu da Kayan aiki

  • Frames Support Injiniya: I-beams suna ba da tushe mai ƙarfi don haɓaka kayan aiki.

  • Cranes da Gantry Beams: Ƙarfin W-beams suna aiki azaman dogo na sama ko waƙoƙi.

Ⅳ. Amfanin I-Beams

Injiniyoyin injiniya da gine-ginen za su zaɓaI-bimsaboda suna ba da fa'idodin tsari da tattalin arziki da yawa:

1. Babban Ƙarfi-zuwa-Nauyi Ratio

Siffar I-siffa tana haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi yayin amfani da ƙarancin kayan aiki, yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfe da farashin aikin.

2. Sassaucin Zane

Girma daban-daban da nau'ikan (misali, S-beams, W-beams, H-piles) suna samuwa don saduwa da buƙatun tsari daban-daban.

3. Farashin-Tasiri

Saboda ingantaccen bayanin martabarsu da wadatuwar samuwa, I-beams suna ba da ɗayan mafi kyauma'auni na ayyuka masu tsadaa cikin ginin karfe.

4. Sauƙin Kerawa da walda

Za a iya yanke flanges da gidajen yanar gizo cikin sauƙi, a huda su, da walda su ta amfani da daidaitattun dabarun ƙirƙira.

5. Dorewa

Lokacin samarwa dagababban ƙarfi tsarin karfe(misali, ASTM A992, S275JR, Q235B), I-beams suna ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalacewa, lalata, da tasiri.

Ⅴ. Ma'aunin Zaɓin I-Beam

Lokacin zabar nau'in da ya daceI-bamdon aiki, la'akari da waɗannan:

  • Bukatun Load: Ƙayyade nauyin axial, shear, da lankwasawa.

  • Tsawon Tsayin: Tsawon tsayi sau da yawa yana buƙatar faffadan flanges ko mafi girman sashe modules.

  • Foundation ko Nau'in Frame: H-piles don tushe mai zurfi; W-beams don ƙirar farko.

  • Matsayin Material: Zabi madaidaicin ma'aunin ƙarfe bisa ga ƙarfi, weldability, da juriya na lalata.

  • Ka'idojin Biyayya: Tabbatar cewa katako ya bi ka'idodin ASTM, EN, ko JIS don yankinku ko aikinku.

Kammalawa

I-beams-ko ma'auniS-biyu, W-biyu, ko nauyi mai nauyiH-tuni- su nekashin bayan injiniyan tsarin zamani. Ƙirarsu mai inganci, ɗimbin gyare-gyare, da kyawawan kaddarorin inji sun sa su dace da komai daga skyscrapers zuwa gadoji, injina zuwa rigs na teku.

Idan aka yi amfani da shi daidai,I-bimsamar da ƙarfi, dorewa, da tattalin arziki mara misaltuwa a cikin gini. Fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin kowane nau'i na iya taimakawa injiniyoyi, magina, da ƙwararrun saye da siye su yanke shawarar da suka dace waɗanda ke inganta duka biyun.aiki da tsada-daidaitacce.

Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-31-2024