Ngā hihi-I, e mōhiotia ana hoki koNgā hihi-H, kei roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hangarau me te hanganga hou. Ko ā rātou mea rongonuiTe tapahi whakawhiti āhua-I, āhua-H rāneika hoatu ki a rātou he kaha ki te kawe kawenga me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga rauemi, he mea tino pai mō te whānuitanga o ngā tono mai i ngā whare me ngā piriti ki ngā anga hanga kaipuke me ngā anga ahumahi.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka ruku hohonu tātou ki roto i ngāngā momo hihi-I, tā rātouhanganga hanganga, mehe aha i tino hira ai rātoui roto i ngā kaupapa hanga me ngā kaupapa hanganga.
Ⅰ. Ngā momo I-Beams me ō rātou āhuatanga
Kāore i te ōrite katoa ngā kurupae-I. He maha ngā momo rerekētanga i runga i te āhua, te whānui o te flange, me te matotoru o te tukutuku. He rerekē ngā mahi hanganga o ia momo i runga i ngā whakaritenga kawenga, ngā āhuatanga tautoko, me ngā paerewa hoahoa.
1. Ngā Hiko-I Paerewa (Ngā Hiko-S)
E kiia ana hoki koNgā hihi-I, teKurupae-SKo tētahi o ngā momo tino taketake, tino tuku iho hoki. He mea whakamahi noa i Amerika Te Raki, ā, e rite ana ki ngā whakaritenga ASTM A6/A992.
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Ngā Karapa WhakararaHe whakarara ngā parirau o ngā kurupae-I (he paku whakawhāiti i ētahi wā).
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Whānui o te Flange WhaitiHe whaiti ake ō rātou flange ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo kurupae flange whānui.
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Taumaha ĀheingaNā te iti o ngā pari me te angiangi o ngā tukutuku, he pai ngā kurupae-I paerewa mō ngā kawenga mama ake, ā, e whakamahia ana i ngā kaupapa hanga iti ake.
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Ngā Roa e Wātea anaTe nuingaNgā hihi-Ika hangaia i ngā roa tae atu ki te 100 putu.
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Ngā tono noaNgā kurupae papa, ngā kurupae tuanui, me ngā hanganga tautoko i roto i ngā whare papaku.
2. Ngā Pira-H (Ngā Pira Whakapūmau)
Ngā puranga-Hhe kurupae taumaha i hangaia mō ngā pūnaha turanga hōhonu me ngā pūnaha pou.
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Ngā Pānga Whānui, MatotoruKa whakanui ake te whānui o te flange i te ātete ki te kawenga taha me te tuaka.
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Matotoru ōriteHe rite tonu te matotoru o te flange me te tukutuku kia ōrite ai te tohatoha o te kaha.
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Te Whawhai TaumahaHe mea hanga ngā pou-H hei pana poutū ki roto i te oneone, i te toka papa rānei, ā, ka taea te tautoko i ngā kawenga tino teitei.
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Whakamahia i roto i ngā TūāpapaHe mea tino pai mō ngā piriti, ngā whare teitei, ngā hanganga moana, me ētahi atu tono hangarau ā-iwi taumaha.
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Paerewa HoahoaHe maha ngā wā e rite ana ki te ASTM A572 Grade 50, ki ngā whakaritenga rite rānei.
3. Ngā Kurupae-W (Ngā Kurupae Whānui)
Ngā kurupae-W, rāneiNgā Kurupae Whānui, ko ngā momo kurupae e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hanganga hou.
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Ngā Pānui WhānuiKi te whakatauritea ki ngā kurupae-I paerewa, he whānui ake, he matotoru ake hoki ngā flange o ngā kurupae-W.
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Matotoru RerekēKa rerekē te matotoru o te flange me te tukutuku i runga i te rahi me te whakamahinga, ka nui ake te ngāwari o te hoahoa hanganga.
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Te ōwehenga Kaha-ki-Taumaha TeiteiMā te āhua whai hua o te kurupae-W ka whakanuia te kaha me te whakaiti i te taumaha katoa o ngā rauemi.
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Ngā Taupānga MahaNgā whare teitei, ngā whare rino, ngā piriti, ngā hanganga kaipuke, me ngā papa ahumahi.
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Te Whakamahinga Ao WhānuiHe mea noa ki Ūropi, Āhia, me Amerika; he maha ngā wā ka hangaia kia rite ki ngā paerewa EN 10024, JIS G3192, ASTM A992 rānei.
Raina whakarewa HI beam kowiri tira
Teraina kurupae H/I maitai kore waikurahe tukanga whakaputa tino whai hua e whakamahia ana hei hanga kurupae hanganga mā tete hono i ngā pereti maitai kore waikura mā te whakarewa pewa ruku (SAW) or Te whakarewa TIG/MIGngā tikanga. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka huihuia tika ngā pereti flange me te tukutuku takitahi, ā, ka whakapirihia tonutia kia hanga te mea e hiahiatia anaKōtaha hihi-H, hihi-I rānei. He tino kaha te kaha ā-mīhini o ngā kurupae whakarewa, he ātete ki te waikura, ā, he tika hoki ngā āhuatanga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei tikanga mō te whakaputangā kurupae rahi-ritemō ngā mahi hanga, moana, me ngā mahi ahumahi ina kore e wātea ngā rahi paerewa kua hurihia kia wera. Mā te tukanga whakarewa ka whakaritete urunga katoa me ngā hononga kaha, e āhei ai te kurupae ki te pikau i ngā kawenga hanganga taumaha me te pupuri tonu i te ātete waikura pai rawa atu o te maitai kore waikura.
II. Te hanganga o te hihi-I
Ko te mārama ki te hanganga o te hihi-I he mea nui kia mārama ai he aha i tino pai ai tana mahi i raro i te ahotea.
1. Ngā Āpiti
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Tengā pereti whakapae o runga me raroo te kurupae.
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I hangaia hei ātetengā wā piko, ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā ahotea kōpeketanga me ngā ahotea kumetanga.
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Ko te whānui me te matotoru o te flange te mea nui e whakatau ana i tete kaha o te kurupae ki te kawe kawenga.
2. Tukutuku
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Tepereti poutūte hono i ngā flanges.
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I hangaia hei ātetengā kaha kutikuti, inā koa i waenganui o te kurupae.
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Ka pā te matotoru o te tukutuku ki tete kaha kutikuti whānuime te pakari o te kurupae.
3. Wāhanga Modulus me te Moment of Inersia
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Wāhanga Modulushe āhuatanga āhuahanga e tautuhi ana i te kaha o te kurupae ki te ātete i te piko.
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Te Wā o te Āhuakoree ine ana i te ātete ki te piko.
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Te ahureiĀhua-Ihe taurite tino pai o te kaha nekehanga nui me te whakamahinga rauemi iti.
Te Whakakanapa Kowiri tira HI R Koki R
TeTe whakakanapa i te koki Rte tukanga mō ngā kurupae H/I kowiri tira e pā ana kite whakakanapa tika o ngā kokonga o roto, o waho hoki o te porowhita (radius)te wāhi e tūtaki ai te flange me te tukutuku. Ka whakarei ake tēnei tukanga i tete maeneene o te matameāhua ataahuao te kurupae me te whakapai ake anō hokiātete ki te waikuramā te tango i te rerekētanga o te tae o te whakarewa, ngā waikura, me te taratara o te mata i ngā rohe whakawhiti piko. He mea tino nui te whakakanapa i te koki R mōngā tono hoahoanga, akuaku, me ngā tono rūma ma, he mea nui te āhua me te akuaku. Ko ngā kokonga porowhita kua orohia ka hua akehe whakaotinga ōrite, whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hanga paru, me te whakahaere i te horoi māmā ake. He maha ngā wā ka honoa tēnei mahi whakaoti me te whakakanapa mata katoa (hei tauira, Nama 4, whakaoti whakaata rānei) kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tino tikangā paerewa whakapaipai, ngā paerewa mahi rānei.
Ⅲ. Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā I-Beams i roto i te Hanganga
Nā te kaha me te whai huatanga o te hanganga, e whakamahia ana ngā kurupae-I me ngā kurupae-H i roto i te nuinga o ngā momo hanga me ngā kaupapa miihini taumaha.
1. Ngā Whare Arumoni me ngā Whare Noho
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Ngā Anga Hanganga Matua: Whakamahia i roto i ngā pou, ngā kurupae, me ngā arai hei tautoko i ngā whare maha-papa.
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Ngā Pūnaha Tuanui me te PapaKo ngā kurupae-I he wāhanga o te angaanga e tautoko ana i ngā papa me ngā tuanui.
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Ngā Papaaho Ahumahi me ngā Papa WhakanuiHe tino pai te kaha ki te pikau kawenga mō te hanganga papa mezzanine.
2. Ngā Kaupapa Hanganga
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Ngā Piriti me ngā Ara RungaHe maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā kurupae-W me ngā pou-H i roto i ngā kurupae piriti me ngā tautoko papa.
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Ngā Hanganga RereweE whakamahia ana ngā kurupae-I ki ngā moenga ara me ngā anga tautoko.
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Ngā Huarahi MatuaHe maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā ārai he kōtaha maitai kurupae-W hei ātete ki te pānga.
3. Te Hangarau Moana me te Tai Hauāuru
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Ngā Whare me ngā Tauranga o te TaurangaKo ngā puranga-H e akina ana ki roto i te oneone i raro i te wai hei tautoko turanga.
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Hanga kaipukeE whakamahia ana ngā kurupae-I māmā engari kaha ki ngā anga o te takere me ngā papa.
4. Te Hanga me ngā Taputapu Ahumahi
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Ngā Anga Tautoko MīhiniHe pakari ngā turanga o ngā kurupae-I mō te whakairi taputapu.
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Ngā Kērani me ngā Kurupae GantryKa whakamahia ngā kurupae-W kaha-teitei hei reriwe, hei ara rānei i runga ake.
Ⅳ. Ngā Painga o ngā I-Beams
Ka whiriwhiria e ngā miihini me ngā kaihoahoaNgā hihi-Inā te mea he maha ngā painga hanganga me ngā painga ōhanga e tukuna ana e rātou:
1. Te ōwehenga Kaha-ki-Taumaha Teitei
Mā te āhua-I ka whakanuia te kaha pikau kawenga me te iti ake o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana, ka iti ake te whakamahinga maitai me te utu kaupapa.
2. Ngāwari o te Hoahoa
Kei te wātea ngā rahi me ngā momo rerekē (hei tauira, ngā kurupae-S, ngā kurupae-W, ngā pou-H) hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hanganga rerekē.
3. Te Whai Hua o te Utu
Nā te pai o te āhua me te whānui o te wātea, ko ngā hihi-I tētahi o ngā mea pai rawa atuōwehenga utu-mahii roto i te hanganga maitai.
4. Te Māmā o te Hanga me te Whakarewa
Ka taea te tapahi, te keri, me te whakarewa i ngā flanges me ngā tukutuku mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga hanga paerewa.
5. Te pakari
Ina hangaia mai imaitai hanganga kaha teitei(hei tauira, ASTM A992, S275JR, Q235B), he tino pai te ātete o ngā kurupae-I ki te kakahu, te waikura, me te pānga.
Ⅴ. Paearu Kōwhiringa I-Beam
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te momo tikaKurupae-Imō tētahi kaupapa, whakaarohia ēnei e whai ake nei:
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Ngā Whakaritenga UtainaTāutuhia ngā kawenga axial, kutikuti, me te piko.
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Roa WhānuiKo ngā whānuitanga roa ake e hiahiatia ana he whānui ake ngā flange, he teitei ake rānei te modulus wāhanga.
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Momo Tūāpapa, Momo Anga rāneiNgā pou-H mō ngā turanga hōhonu; ngā kurupae-W mō te anga tuatahi.
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Taumata RauemiKōwhiria te momo maitai tika i runga i te kaha, te āheinga whakarewa, me te ātete ki te waikura.
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Te Whakatutukitanga PaerewaMe whakarite kia tutuki te kurupae i ngā paerewa ASTM, EN, JIS rānei mō tō rohe, mō tō kaupapa rānei.
Whakamutunga
Ngā hihi-I—ahakoa he paerewaNgā hihi-S, Ngā kurupae-W, he mahi taumaha rāneiNgā puranga-H—ko ngāte poutokomanawa o te hangarau hanganga houNā te hoahoa whai hua, te whānuitanga o ngā whirihoranga, me ngā āhuatanga miihini tino pai, he pai mō ngā mea katoa mai i ngā whare teitei ki ngā piriti, ngā mīhini ki ngā waka utaina ki tai.
Ina whakamahia tika,Ngā hihi-Ika whakarato i te kaha, te pakari, me te ōhanga kore e rite i roto i te hanganga. Mā te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ia momo ka āwhina i ngā miihini, ngā kaihanga, me ngā tohunga hoko ki te whakatau whai whakaaro hei whakapai ake i ngā mea e ruate mahi me te whai hua o te utu.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-31-2024