He aha ka metala ʻaʻole Magnetic maʻamau?

Ke noʻonoʻo kākou i nā metala, hoʻopili koke ka hapa nui o ka poʻe iā lākou me ka magnetism. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻike nui ʻia nā mea e like me ka hao, cobalt, a me ka nickel no ko lākou mau waiwai magnetic ikaika. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nā ​​metala āpau he magnetic - ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pane iki kekahi mau metala i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā magnet. ʻO kēia mau meanā metala ʻaʻole magnetichoʻokani i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi i nā ʻoihana kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka hoʻopilikia magnetic, ke kūpaʻa i ka corrosion, a me ke kūlike uila.

No laila, he aha ka metala non-magnetic maʻamau? ʻO ka panekila kila austenitic (ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo SS 304)a mealumini— hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea ʻelua ma nā ʻoihana no ko lākou mau waiwai kūikawā. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā metala ʻaʻole magnetic, no ke aha lākou e hana ai i kēia ʻano, a ma hea lākou e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai.

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako honua,SAKYSTEELHāʻawi i kahi ākea o nā kila kila a me nā mea hoʻohuihui non-magnetic e hoʻohui i ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa i ka corrosion, a me ke kūpaʻa no nā noi ʻoihana holomua.

1. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i ka Magnetism i loko o nā Metals

Pili nā ʻano magnetic o kahi metala i konaʻano atomika— ʻoi aku hoʻi, inā paha e hiki i kāna mau electrons ke hoʻonohonoho pono e hana i nā kikowaena magnetic.

• Nā Metala Makemakika:ʻO ka hao, ka cobalt, a me ka nickel — ʻo ko lākou ʻano atomika e ʻae i nā electrons i hui ʻole ʻia e hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi, e hana ana i ka huki magnetic ikaika.

• Nā Metala ʻAʻole Magnetic:ʻO ka aluminika, ke keleawe, ke keleawe, ke kēpau, ke gula, ke kālā, a me nā kila kila austenitic — pale aku ko lākou hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kūlike, e hopena ana i ka hana magnetic liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe paha.

I nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi,ʻAʻole pipili nā metala ʻaʻole magnetic i nā magnetno ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou mau ʻano atomika kūloko ke kākoʻo i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi kahua magnetic.

2. ʻO ka Metala ʻAʻole Magnetic maʻamau loa: Aluminiuma

Alumini (Al)ʻo ia ka metala non-magnetic maʻamau a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua.

No ke aha he ʻAʻole Magnetic ka Aluminum

ʻAʻohe o ka ʻōnaehana atomika o ka alumini i nā electrons i hui ʻole ʻia i loko o kona pūpū waho, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i kona kahua magnetic ponoʻī. ʻOiai ke kau ʻia ma kahi kokoke i kahi magnet, ʻaʻole hōʻike ka alumini i kahi huki a hoʻokuke paha.

Nā Waiwai Koʻikoʻi o ka Alumini

• ʻAʻole magnetic a me ka ʻAʻole-Sparking:Palekana e hoʻohana kokoke i nā mea hana koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi pahū.

• Māmā:Ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o ke kaumaha o ke kila, e kūpono ana no ka aerospace a me ka halihali.

• Kūpaʻa i ka ʻino:Hoʻokumu i kahi papa oxide kūlohelohe e pale ai i ka popo.

• Alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe:Maikaʻi loa no nā hana uila a me ka wela.

Nā Hoʻohana o ka Alumini

• Nā ʻāpana mokulele a me nā ʻāpana mokulele

• Nā ʻāpana kaʻa a me nā ʻāpana moana

• Nā uwea uila a me nā laina hoʻoili

• Nā ʻōpala meaʻai a me nā kini mea inu

• Nā panela hoʻolālā a me nā mōlina puka makani

Ma muli o kona hui pū ʻana o ke kaumaha māmā, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me nā waiwai non-magnetic,ʻO ka alumini ka metala non-magnetic i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua.

3. Nā kila kila Austenitic - ʻO ke kila ʻaʻole Magnetic maʻamau

ʻOiai ke alakaʻi alumini i waena o nā metala ma ke ʻano laulā,nā kila kila austeniticʻo ia nā mea maʻamaunā mea hao ʻaʻole magnetichoʻohana ʻia i nā hana ʻenehana a me nā hana ʻenehana.

No ke aha he ʻaʻole Magnetic nā kila kila Austenitic

Loaʻa i kēia mau kila kahicubic maka-kikowaena (FCC)ʻO ke ʻano kristal i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka nickel. Kāohi kēia ʻano i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kikowaena magnetic, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i nonmagnetic i ko lākou kūlana annealed.

Nā Papa Maʻamau

• SS 304 (Kila Kilo 18-8):18% chromium, 8% nickel — kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, maʻemaʻe, a ʻaʻohe magnetic.

• SS 316:Loaʻa ka molybdenum no ka pale ʻana i nā chlorides a me nā kaiapuni kai.

• SS 321 a me SS 310:Nā pae paʻa a me nā pae wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻi he magnetic.

• SS 904L:He metala austenitic super e noho mau ana me ka ʻole magnetic ʻoiai ma hope o ka hana anu.

Nā noi

• Nā mīkini hana meaʻai a me nā mea inu

• Nā lako lapaʻau a me nā lako hana hoʻokolohua

• Nā hale moana a me nā hale ma waho

• Nā hale hana kemika a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau

• Hoʻonaninani hale

No laila, i ka wā e pili ana i nā huahana kila,Ke kila kila SS 304ua manaʻo ʻiake kila non-magnetic maʻamauhoʻohana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

4. Nā Metala ʻAʻole Magnetic ʻē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o ka alumini a me ke kila kila austenitic, hōʻike pū kekahi mau metala ʻē aʻe i nā waiwai non-magnetic:

A. Keleawe (Cu)

• ʻO ka hoʻokele uila a me ka wela maikaʻi loa.

• Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā uea, nā motika, a me nā ʻōnaehana plumbing.

• ʻAʻohe magnetic, kūpaʻa i ka pala, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia.

B. Keleawe (Mea hoʻohuihui Cu-Zn)

• Metala keleawe a me ka zinc; kūpaʻa loa i ka pala.

• Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻopaʻa, nā kiwikā, nā mea kani, a me nā lako moana.

• ʻAʻohe magnetic a maʻalahi hoʻi e mīkini.

C. Keleawe (Mea hoʻohuihui Cu-Sn)

• He mea hao paʻa a ʻaʻole magnetic o ke keleawe a me ka tin.

• Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i loko o nā bearings, bushings, a me nā kiʻi kālai ʻia.

D. Titanium (Ti)

• Ikaika, māmā, a ʻaʻohe magnetic.

• Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka aerospace, nā implants lapaʻau, a me nā noi ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe.

E. Ke kēpau (Pb)

• Paʻa a ʻaʻohe magnetic; hoʻohana ʻia i ka pale ʻana i ka radiation a me nā pila.

F. Zinc, Gula, a me ke Kālā

• Nā metala makamae a me nā metala kumu me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala a me ka ʻole o nā waiwai magnetic.

5. Pehea e hoʻāʻo ai inā ʻaʻole he Magnetic kahi Metal

He maʻalahi ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka magnetism:

• E lawe mai i kahi magnet liʻiliʻi a kokoke i ka ʻili metala.

  • ʻAʻohe mea hoihoi:ʻAʻole he magnetic ka metala.

  • Ka nāwaliwali o ka huki ʻana:Mākēneki hapa (hiki ke hana ʻia me ke ʻano metala).

  • Ka hoihoi ikaika:Mākēneki (hao, ferritic, a i ʻole nā ​​kila martensitic).

Nā mea hana keʻena hoʻokolohua e like menā mika permeability magnetichiki ke hāʻawi i nā ana pololei, ʻoiai no nā papa kila kila kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka magnetism iki ma hope o ka hana anu.

6. Nā metala Magnetic vs. Non-Magnetic: Papa Hoʻohālikelike