Yeyiphi eyona ntsimbi ingaqhelekanga ingenamagnethi?

Xa sicinga ngeesinyithi, uninzi lwabantu luzidibanisa ngoko nangoko nemagnetism. Kaloku, izinto ezifana nentsimbi, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel zaziwa kakhulu ngeempawu zazo ezinamandla zemagnethi. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iisinyithi ezinemagnethi - eneneni, iisinyithi ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu azisabela kwiimagnethi konke konke. Eziiintsimbi ezingezizo ezemagnethizidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini apho ukuphazamiseka kwemagnethi, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokungathathi cala kombane kubalulekile.

Ngoko ke, yeyiphi eyona metal ingaqhelekanga engeyiyo imagnethi? Impendulo yileintsimbi engagqwaliyo e-austenitic (ingakumbi i-SS 304)kwayei-aluminiyamu— zombini zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola ukuba zeziphi iintsimbi ezingezizo imagnethi, kutheni ziziphatha ngolu hlobo, kwaye apho zisetyenziswa khona rhoqo.

Njengomthengisi wehlabathi,I-SAKYSTELibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweentsimbi ezingenasici kunye nee-alloys ezingezizo zemagnethi ezidibanisa amandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nozinzo kwizicelo eziphambili zoshishino.

1. Ukuqonda iMagnetism kwiMetals

Iimpawu zemagnethi zesinyithi zixhomekeke kwiisakhiwo seathomu— ngokukodwa, nokuba ii-electron zayo zinokuhambelana na ukuze zenze ii-domains zemagnethi.

• Iintsimbi zeMagnetic:I-iron, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel — ulwakhiwo lwazo lweathomu luvumela ii-electron ezingadibaniyo ukuba zilungelelane ngokulula, nto leyo edala umdla onamandla wemagnethi.

• Iintsimbi ezingezizo ezeMagnetic:I-aluminium, i-copper, i-bronze, i-lead, igolide, isilivere, kunye neentsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic — ulwakhiwo lwazo lwee-electron luthintela ukulungelelana, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zingabi namsebenzi kangako okanye zingabi namsebenzi.

Ngamagama alula,iintsimbi ezingezizo ezemagnethi azinamatheli kwiimagnethikuba izakhiwo zazo zangaphakathi zeathom azikwazi ukuxhasa ukwakheka kwentsimi yemagnethi.

2. Isinyithi esingaqhelekanga esingengoMagnetic: iAluminiyam

I-Aluminiyam (Al)yeyona metal ingenamagnethi ixhaphakileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ehlabathini.

Kutheni iAluminiyam ingeyona iMagnetic

Ulwakhiwo lweathomu ye-aluminiyam alunazo ii-elektroni ezingadibaniyo kwiqokobhe layo langaphandle, oko kuthetha ukuba ayinakuvelisa amandla ayo emagnethi. Nokuba ibekwe kufutshane nemagnethi, i-aluminiyam ayibonisi mdla okanye ukugxobha okubonakalayo.

Iipropati eziphambili zeAluminiyam

• Akukho magnethi kwaye akukho sparking:Kukhuselekile ukuzisebenzisa kufutshane nezixhobo ezibuthathaka okanye kwiindawo eziqhumayo.

• Ilula:Ubunzima bentsimbi bumalunga nesinye kwisithathu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwiinqwelomoya kunye nezothutho.

• Ukumelana nokugqwala:Yenza umaleko wendalo we-oxide okhusela umhlwa.

• Iqhuba Kakhulu:Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kombane kunye nobushushu.

Usetyenziso lweAluminiyam

• Izixhobo zeenqwelo-moya kunye neenqwelo-moya

• Izixhobo zezithuthi nezolwandle

• Iintambo zombane kunye neentambo zothumelo

• Ukupakisha ukutya kunye neetini zeziselo

• Iiphaneli zokwakha kunye neefreyimu zeefestile

Ngenxa yokudibanisa kwayo ubunzima obulula, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye neempawu ezingezizo zemagnethi,i-aluminiyam yeyona metal ingasetyenziswa ngemagnethi esetyenziswa kakhulu ehlabathini.

3. Iintsimbi Ezingenazintsimbi zaseAustenitic – Eyona Ntsimbi Ixhaphakileyo Engeyiyo Imagnethi

Nangona i-aluminium ikhokela phakathi kweentsimbi ngokubanzi,iintsimbi ezingenasici ze-austeniticzezona zixhaphakileyoizixhobo ezisekelwe kwisinyithi ezingezizo ezemagnethiisetyenziswa kwizicelo zoshishino nezobunjineli.

Kutheni ii-Austenitic Stainless Steels zingekho kwi-Magnetic

Ezi zintsimbi zineityhubhiki ejonge ubuso (FCC)isakhiwo sekristale esizinziswe yi-nickel. Esi sakhiwo sithintela ukulungelelaniswa kweendawo zemagnethi, nto leyo ebenza bangabi namandla emagnethi kwimeko yabo yokufakelwa.

Amabanga aqhelekileyo

• I-SS 304 (18-8 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo):I-18% ye-chromium, i-8% ye-nickel — inamandla okumelana nokugqwala, icocekile, kwaye ayinamandla ombane.

• I-SS 316:Iqulethe i-molybdenum ephucula ukumelana neekloridi kunye neendawo ezihlala emanzini.

• I-SS 321 kunye ne-SS 310:Amanqanaba azinzileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, nawo angengombane.

• I-SS 904L:I-alloy ye-super austenitic ehlala ingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo nangona sele isetyenzisiwe.

Izicelo

• Oomatshini bokulungisa ukutya kunye neziselo

• Izixhobo zonyango nezelebhu

• Izakhiwo zaselwandle kunye nolwandle

• Izityalo zeekhemikhali kunye nezamayeza

• Ukuhombisa uyilo lwezakhiwo

Ngoko ke, xa kubhekiselwa kwiimveliso zentsimbi,Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-SS 304kuthathelwa ingqalelointsimbi engeyoyamagnethi eqhelekileyoisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.

4. Ezinye iiMetali ezingezizo ezeMagnetic

Ngaphandle kwe-aluminium kunye ne-austenitic stainless steel, ezinye izinyithi ezininzi nazo zibonisa iipropati ezingezizo zemagnethi:

A. Ubhedu (Cu)

• Ukuqhuba kakuhle kombane kunye nobushushu.

• Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zocingo, iimoto, kunye nemibhobho yamanzi.

• Ayinamagnethi, ayimelani nokugqwala, kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwakhona.

B. Ithusi (iCu-Zn Alloy)

• I-alloy ye-copper kunye ne-zinc; imelana kakhulu nokugqwala.

• Isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokufakelwa, iivalvu, izixhobo zomculo, kunye nezixhobo zasemanzini.

• Ayinamagnethi kwaye kulula ukuyilungisa.

C. Ubhedu (iCu-Sn Alloy)

• Ingxubevange eqinileyo nengenamagnethi yobhedu kunye netin.

• Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiibheringi, iibhotshi, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo.

D. I-Titanium (iTi)

• Yomelele, ilula, kwaye ayinamandla ombane.

• Isetyenziswa kwi-aerospace, kwi-medical implants, nakwi-industrial ekumgangatho ophezulu.

E. Inkokeli (Pb)

• Ixinene kwaye ayisebenzisi magnethi; isetyenziswa ekukhuseleni imitha kunye neebhetri.

F. I-Zinc, iGolide, neSilivere

• Iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo nezisisiseko ezinokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo kwaye azinazo iimpawu zemagnethi.

5. Indlela yokuvavanya ukuba isinyithi asiyomagnethi

Ukuvavanya ubumagnethi kulula:

• Sondeza imagnethi encinci kumphezulu wesinyithi.

  • Akukho mtsalane:Isinyithi asinamandla ombane.

  • Ukutsala okubuthathaka:Inemagnethi engaphelelanga (isakhiwo se-alloy esinokwenzeka).

  • Umtsalane onamandla:I-Magnetic (iintsimbi zentsimbi, i-ferritic, okanye i-martensitic).

Izixhobo zelebhu ezifanaiimitha zokukhanya kwemagnethiinokubonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo, ingakumbi kwiindidi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo apho imagnethi encinci inokuvela emva kokusebenza ngokubandayo.

6. Iintsimbi zeMagnetic vs. ezingezizo zeMagnetic: Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa