Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau Utaina mō te Taura Waea Kowiri tira

He Aratohu Katoa mō te Haumaru, ngā Paerewa, me te Whakatutukitanga i roto i ngā Taupānga Ahumahi

He wāhanga nui te taura waea kowiri tira i roto i ngā pūnaha kawe kawenga me te whakapūmau puta noa i ngā ahumahi maha—mai i te hanga me ngā tono moana ki ngā ararewa me te hiki i runga. Ko tētahi wāhanga nui e whakarite ana i tōna whakamahinga haumaru me te whai hua kowhakamātautau kawenga.

Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga tengā whakaritenga whakamātautau kawenga mōtaura waea kowiri tira, e kapi ana i ngā momo whakamātautau, ngā paerewa, te auau, ngā tuhinga, me ngā hanganga ture e pā ana ki te ahumahi. Ahakoa he kaiwhakatū taputapu koe, he miihini kaupapa, he tohunga hokohoko rānei, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā tikanga whakamātautau tika hei pupuri i te haumaru me te pono.

Mō te hunga e rapu ana i te taura waea maitai kore waikura whaimana, mahi teitei,sakysteele tuku ana i ngā hua kua whakamatautauria, ā, ka taea te whai, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ao mō te haumaru me te mahi.

He aha te Whakamātautau Utaina?

Whakamātautau kawengaKo te tukanga tēnei o te whakamahi i te kaha whakahaeretia ki tētahi taura waea kowiri tira hei manatoko i tana mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi e tumanakohia ana. Ka aromatawaihia e te whakamātautau:

• Kawenga pakaru(Te Kaha Kume Tino Pai)

• Tepe Utaina Mahi (WLL)

• Te whakarerekētanga rapa

• Manatoko i te āhuatanga haumaru

• Ngā hapa hangahanga, ngā hapa rānei

Mā te whakamātautau kawenga ka taea e te taura waea te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā mahi o te ao tūroa me te kore he hapa.

He aha te hiranga o te whakamātautau kawenga?

Ka puta pea ēnei āhuatanga mēnā ka kore e mahi te taura waea:

• Whara, mate rānei

• Te pakaru o ngā taputapu

• Te kawenga ture

• Wā whakatā mahi

Nō reira, he mea nui te whakamātautau kawenga pakari ki:

• Whakamanahia te kounga o te hua

• Whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture me te inihua

• Whakapūmau i te pono o te pūnaha ki ngā kiritaki

• Kia mau tonu te haumaru o te hanganga me te pikaunga kawenga

sakysteele tuku ana i ngā taura waea kowiri tirakua whakamatautauria te kawenga o te wheketereme te haere tahi mengā tiwhikete whakamātautau mirakia taea ai te whai i te katoa.

Ngā Kupu Matua i roto i te Whakamātautau Utaina

I mua i te ruku ki ngā tukanga whakamātautau, he mea nui kia mārama ki ētahi kupu matua:

• Kaha Pakaru (BS)Ko te kaha mōrahi ka taea e te taura te tu atu i mua i te motu.

• Tepe Utaina Mahi (WLL)Ko te kawenga mōrahi e tika ana kia whakamahia i ngā mahi o ia rā—i te nuinga o te wā1/5 ki ​​te 1/12o te kaha pakaru, i runga i te tono.

• Utaina WhakamātautauHe kaha whakamātautau kore-whakangaro, e whakatakotoria ana i te nuinga o te wā ki50% ki te 80%o te kawenga whati iti rawa, e whakamahia ana hei whakaū i te pono me te kore e pakaru te taura.

Ngā Paerewa e tika ana mō te Whakamātautau Utaina

He maha ngā paerewa o te ao e tautuhi ana i te huarahitaura waea kowiri tirame whakamātautau. Ko ētahi ko:

• EN 12385-1Paerewa Pākehā mō te haumaru me te whakamātautau taura waea rino

• ISO 3108Ngā tikanga mō te whakatau i te kaha pakaru

• ASTM A1023/A1023MPaerewa Amerikana mō te whakamātautau miihini

• ASME B30.9Paerewa haumaru o Amerika mō ngā taura taura tae atu ki te taura waea

• Rēhita a Lloyd / DNV / ABSNgā whakahaere whakarōpūtanga moana me te takutai moana me ngā tikanga whakamātautau motuhake

sakysteele piri ana ki ngā paerewa whakamātautau o te ao, ā, ka taea te tuku taura whai tiwhikete mai i te ABS, DNV, me ngā kaitirotiro tuatoru e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Momo Whakamātautau Kawenga mō te Taura Waea Kowiri tira

1. Whakamātautau Whakangaro (Whakamātautau Kawenga Pakaru)

Mā tēnei whakamātautau ka whakatauhia te mea tuturukaha pakaruo tētahi tauira mā te kukume kia pakaru rā anō. He mahi tēnei i te nuinga o te wā ki ngā tauira tauira, i te wā rānei e whakawhanakehia ana te hua.

2. Whakamātautau Utaina Whakamātautau

Mā tēnei whakamātautau kore-whakangaro e manatoko te mahi i raro i te kawenga me te kore e hipa i te rohe ngāwari o te taura. Ka whakarite kia kore he paheke, he roa, he hapa rānei e puta.

3. Whakamātautau Utaina Hurihuri

Ka tukuna ngā taura ki ngā huringa kawenga me te tango kawenga kia arotakehia ai te ātete ki te ngenge. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā taura e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ararewa, i ngā kerēne, i tētahi atu pūnaha kawenga hihiri rānei.

4. Tirotiro Tirohanga me te Ahu

Ahakoa ehara i te "whakamātautau kawenga", ka mahia pinepinetia tēnei i te taha o te whakamātautau taunakitanga hei kite i ngā hapa o te mata, i ngā waea whati, i ngā rerekētanga rānei o te whakaritenga o ngā whenu.

Auautanga o te Whakamātautau Utaina

He rerekē ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau kawenga i runga i te ahumahi me te tono:

Me whakamahi anō hoki te taura e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha haumaru-nuiwhakamātautau anō i muri i te whakapaetia he taumaha rawa, he kino ā-mīhini rānei.

Ngā Āhuatanga e Pā Ana ki ngā Hua Whakamātautau Utaina

He maha ngā taurangi ka pā ki te āhua o tetaura waea kowiri tirae mahi ana i raro i te whakamātautau kawenga:

• Te hanganga taura(hei tauira, 7×7 me 7×19 me 6×36)

• Te taumata rauemi(304 vs 316 te maitai kore waikura)

• Te whakahinuhinu me te waikura

• Ngā mutunga o te hononga (swaged, socketed, me ētahi atu)

• Te piko ki runga i ngā paihere, i ngā pūrei rānei

• Te pāmahana me te pānga ki te taiao

Mō tēnei take, he mea nui kia whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau mā te whakamahi ingā tauira taura tuturu i roto i te āhua me te whirihoranga ōritenā te mea ka whakamahia rātou i roto i te ratonga.

Ngā tuhinga whakamātautau kawenga

Me whakauru i roto i te whakamātautau kawenga tika:

• Ngā taipitopito a te kaihanga

• Momo taura me te hanganga

• Te whānui me te roa

• Momo whakamātautau me te tukanga

• Kawenga whakamātautau, kawenga pakaru rānei kua tutuki

• Ngā hua paahitanga/korenga

• Te rā me te wāhi o te whakamātautau

• Ngā waitohu a ngā kaitirotiro, a ngā rōpū whakamana rānei

KatoasakysteelKei te wātea ngā taura waea kowiri tira me te katoaTiwhikete whakamātautau mira EN10204 3.1ā, he kōwhiringate whakaaturanga a te hunga tuatorui runga i te tono.

Whakamātautau Utaina Whakamutunga

Ehara i te mea ko te taura anake me whakamātautau—ngā whakamutu mutungapērā i ngā pūwero, ngā taputapu whakawhiti, me ngā tīra, me whakamātautau anō hoki kia kitea he pono. Ko tētahi paerewa ahumahi noa ko:

• Me whakamututu atu i te 100% o te kawenga whati o te taurame te kore e paheke, e kore hoki e hinga.

Ka whakaratohia e sakysteelngā huihuinga taura kua whakamatautauriame ngā hononga pito kua tāutahia, kua whakamanahia hoki hei pūnaha katoa.

Ngā Aratohu mō te Āhua Haumaru

Te iti rawaTauwehenga Haumaru (SF)he rerekē te whakamahinga o te taura waea:

Mā te mārama me te whakamahi i te āhuatanga haumaru tika ka tutuki ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te mōrearea.

He aha koe i whiriwhiri ai i a sakysteel mō te taura waea whaimana?

• He rauemi maitai kore waikura kounga teitei 304 me 316

• Te whakamātautau kawenga wheketere me ngā tiwhikete kua tuhia

• Ngā huihuinga ritenga me ngā hononga pito kua whakamatautauria

• Te tutuki i ngā paerewa EN, ISO, ASTM, me ngā paerewa karaehe moana

• Te tukunga ā-ao me ngā wā tere o te tuku

Ahakoa mō te hanga whare, mō te moana, mō ngā whare hoahoanga, mō ngā mahi ahumahi rānei,sakysteelka tukuna he taura waea kowiri tira ekua whakamatautauria te kawenga, ka taea te whai, ā, ka pono hoki.

Whakamutunga

Kāore he kōwhiringa te whakamātautau kawenga—he mea nui kia pai ai te mahi me te haumaru o te taura waea kowiri tira. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hiki nui, te whakatītaha hanganga, ngā pūnaha taura hihiri rānei, mā te manatoko i te kaha kawenga mā te whakamātautau paerewa ka whakaiti i te mōrearea me te whakapai ake i te roa o te wā.

Mai i ngā whakamātautau pakaru whakangaro ki ngā kawenga ārai kore-whakangaro, ko ngā tuhinga whakamātautau tika me te piri ki ngā paerewa ahumahi te mea nui.