Na U Tseba Mello e Mene ea Phekolo ea Mocheso Theknolojing ea ho Foroma?

Lefatšeng la theknoloji ea ho qapa,kalafo ea mochesoe bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fumaneng litšobotsi tsa mechini, sebopeho sa ka hare le ts'ebetso ea likarolo tse entsoeng ka tšepe. Har'a lits'ebetso tsohle tsa kalafo ea mocheso, mohopolo oa setso le o buisanoang haholo ka metallurgy—haholo-holo ho betleng tšepe—o tsejoa e le"Mello e mene" ea kalafo ea mocheso.

"Mello ena e mene" e bolelamekhoa e mene ea bohlokoa ea kalafo ea mocheso: ho lokisa, ho tjhesa, ho tima le ho tjhesa. “Mollo” o mong le o mong o sebeletsa morero o ikgethang mme o susumetsa boleng ba ho qetela le boitshwaro ba dihlahiswa tse entsweng ka maiketsetso. Hore na o sebetsa ka tshepe ya khabone, tshepe ya alloy, kapa tshepe e sa ruseng, ho utlwisisa mehato ena ho bohlokwa bakeng sa baenjiniere, ditsebi tsa tshepe, le ditsebi tsa tlhahiso ka ho tshwana.

Tataisong ena e felletseng, re tla hlalosaMello e mene ke eng, e etsoa joang, mesebetsi ea eona, le liphello tsa eona likarolong tse entsoeng ka maiketsetsoBafepedi ba ho tjhesa ba maemo a hodimo ba ratasakysteelitshetlehile ka mekhoa ena ho hlahisa di-forging tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa ditshebediso tse hlokang boiteko.

Mello e Mene ea Kalafo ea Mocheso ke Eng?

Poleloana “mello e mene” ka tsela ea tšoantšetso e bolela tse 'ne tse fapanenglipotoloho tsa mochesoe sebelisetsoang ho fetola le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa litšepe ka mor'a ho betla:

1. Ho etsa hore lintho li be maemong a tloaelehileng

2. Annealing

3. Ho Tiisa (Ho Thatafatsa)

4. Ho leka-lekanya

Ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsena e kenyelletsa ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa ho laoloang ho fihlela litšobotsi tse lakatsehang tsa 'mele le tsa mechini.

1. Ho Ntlafatsa — Mollo oa Pele

Ho etsa hore lintho li be maemong a tloaelehilengke mokhoa oa kalafo ea mocheso moo tšepe e entsoeng ka maiketsetso e leng tenge futhumatsoa ka holim'a mocheso oa eona oa phetoho ea bohlokoa (hangata 850–950°C)eabae pholisitsoeng moeeng o khutsitseng.

Morero:

• E ntlafatsa sebopeho sa lijo-thollo ka mor'a ho betla

• E ntlafatsa ho tiea le ho tšoana

• E imolla khatello ea maikutlo ea ka hare

• E lokisetsa tšepe bakeng sa ho e lokisa kapa ho e tiisa hamorao

Melemo:

• E hlahisasebopeho se senyenyane se ts'oanang le se nang le sebopeho se setle

• Lintlafatsobotsitso ba tekanyonakong ea ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele

• E fokotsakotsi ea ho sotha kapa ho petsoha

Likopo:

Ho tloaeleha ho sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng satšepe ea carbon le tšepe e nang le motsoako o tlase, tse kang li-shaft, li-gear, li-bolt le li-rod tse hokahanyang.

sakysteele sebetsa ho normalizing e le kalafo e tloaelehileng ea kamora ho betla ho tsitsisa thepa ea thepa le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho sebetsa.

2. Ho Hloekisa — Mollo oa Bobeli

Annealinge etsoa ka ho futhumatsa tšepe e entsoeng ka maiketsetso ho fihlela mochesong o itsengka tlase kapa kaholimo ho ntlha ea bohlokoa hanyane (hoo e ka bang 680–850°C), e lateloa keho phola butle haholo, hangata ka seboping.

Morero:

• Nolofatsa thepa

• Ntlafatsa ho ductility le machinability

• Fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo e bakoang ke ho betla kapa ho tjheseletsa

• Nolofatsa mosebetsi o batang

Melemo:

• E hlahisasebopeho se bonolo, e loketseng ho seha kapa ho bopa

• E fokotsaho robeha kapa ho petsoha

• Lintlafatsobokhoni ba ho fetola sebopeho se batang

Mefuta ea Annealing:

• Ho koahela ka botlalo

• Ho annealing ha ts'ebetso

• Ho etsa litšepe tse nang le khabone e ngata (Spheroidizing)

Likopo:

E tloaelehileng bakeng sa likarolo tse hlokangho sebetsa ka thata or ho bopa ka ho eketsehileng, tse kang diboloko tse entsweng ka ho qhibidiha, masale, kapa di-flange.

At sakysteel, ho annealing ho etsoa tlas'a maemo a laoloang a sebōpi ho netefatsa liphetho tse tsitsitseng bakeng sa sehlopha se seng le se seng sa forging.

3. Ho Timisa (Ho Thatafatsa) — Mollo oa Boraro

Ho timake kalafo ea mocheso moo tšepe e futhumatsoang homocheso o matlafatsang (800–900°C)eabae pholisitsoeng ka potlakoka har'a sesebelisoa sa ho tima se kang metsi, oli, kapa tharollo ea polymer.

Morero:

• Nyollelothata le matla

• Thehasebopeho sa martensitic

• Ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ho tsofala

Melemo:

• E fana kathatafalo e phahameng ka ho fetisisabakeng sa lisebelisoa le lits'ebetso tsa die

• Keketsehobokgoni ba ho jara mojaro

• E nolofalletsabophelo ba tšebeletso e teleletlas'a khatello ea maikutlo

Likotsi:

• Ho phola ka potlako haholoe ka baka ho sotha kapa ho petsoha

• E hlahisakhatello ea maikutlo ea ka hare, e lokelang ho imolloa ka ho fokotsa mocheso

Likopo:

E loketse lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso, likarolo tse sa tsofaleng, li-dies, likarolo tsa likoloi le tsa sefofane tse hlokangboima bo phahameng le matla.

sakysteele sebelisa ho tima hammoho le ho tempera ho ntshetsa pele thepa e leka-lekaneng ya mechini di-forging tsa tshepe ya alloy.

4. Tempering — Mollo oa Bone

Ho leka-lekanyake mohato oa ho qetela oa ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso, e etsoang ka mor'a ho tima. Tšepe e futhumatsoa hape homocheso o tlase (hangata 150–650°C)eabae pholisitsoeng ka sekhahla se laoloang.

Morero:

• Fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo e bakoang ke ho tima

• Fokotsa ho robeha ha bonolo

• Ntlafatsa ho tiea le ho ductility

• Lokisetsa ho thatafala ho fihlela boemong boo u bo batlang

Melemo:

• Litekanyoho ba thata le ho tiea

• Lintlafatsoho hanyetsa mokhathala

• E thibelaho petsoha ho sa lebelloangtšebeletsong

Mebala e Tekanyang:

Hangata litsebi tsa tšepe li bua ka mocheso o futhumatsang li sebelisa matšoao a mebala:

• Bosehla bo bosootho (mohau o tlase): Bothata bo phahameng

• Putsoa-bohlooho (bohale bo phahameng): Ho tiea ho betere

Likopo:

E sebelisoa holikere tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso, li-shaft, li-dies, lisebelisoa le liliba, haholo-holo ba pepesehetseng khatello ea maikutlo kapa tšusumetso e potolohang.

sakysteele fetola mocheso oa ho futhumatsa ho latela maemo a thepa le litlhoko tsa thepa ea mechini ea bareki.

Kakaretso ea Mello e Mene