Yintoni Esifanele Siyiqwalasele Ngokwemigaqo Yokhuseleko Ngexesha Lokucubungula Izinto Ezisetyenzisiweyo?

Ukubumba yenye yezona nkqubo zindala nezisebenzayo zokusebenza ngentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ezinamandla aphezulu nezisebenza kakuhle. Ukusuka kwiidiski ze-turbine zeenqwelo moya ukuya kwii-crankshafts zeemoto, ukubumba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lwanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, ukubumba kukwayinkqubo ebandakanyaubushushu obugqithisileyo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, oomatshini abanzima, kunye nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, zonke ezi zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolayintoni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko ngexesha lokucubungula izinto zokubumba, kuquka izixhobo, ukhuseleko lomntu, ukuphathwa kwezinto, kunye nokulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza. Kwimisebenzi yokubumba isinyithi—ingakumbi kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso—ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko akunyanzelekanga, kodwa kubalulekile. Ababoneleli abaziingcali bathandai-sakysteelfaka iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezingqongqo kuyo yonke inyathelo lenkqubo yokubumba.

Kutheni Ukhuseleko Lubaluleke Kangaka Ekubumbeni?

Ukubumba kubandakanya:

• Amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-1000°C

• Iimashini ezinkulu ze-hydraulic okanye ze-mechanical

• Iihamile ezikhawulezayo kunye nee-dies ezijikelezayo

• Ukuvezwa kwingxolo enkulu, amasuntswana abhabhayo, kunye nesinyithi esishushu

Ukuba ayilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo, iingozi zinokubangelaukutsha okukhulu, amalungu atyumkileyo, ukwenzakala kwamehlo, imililo, okanye nokufa. Iindlela zokukhusela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo azikhuseli abasebenzi kuphela, kodwa nezixhobo, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

1. Nxiba Izixhobo Zokuzikhusela Ezifanelekileyo (i-PPE)

Bonke abasebenzi bokwakha kufuneka baxhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwindawo yokusebenza.

IiPPE ezibalulekileyo ziquka:

• Iiglavu ezimelana nobushushu: Khusela izandla ekutshisweni nasekuchukumiseni isinyithi esishushu

• Izikhuselo zobuso okanye izibuko zokhuseleko: Khusela amehlo kwizikali ezibhabhayo kunye neentlantsi

• Impahla ethintela ilangatye: Iijakethi ezineemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezenzelwe ukumelana nobushushu

• Izihlangu zentsimbi: Ukuthintela ukwenzakala okuvela kwizinto eziwileyo

• Ukukhusela iindlebe: Khusela ukuva kwiindawo ezinomsindo

• Iimaski zokuphefumlaUkuba usebenza ngeengubo, ioyile, okanye kwiindawo ezingenamoya ungako

At i-sakysteel, bonke abasebenzi bokwakha baxhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo ngePPE eqinisekisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe umsebenzi.

2. Hlola Izixhobo Rhoqo

Izixhobo zokubumba ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu.Ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa rhoqokunceda ukuthintela ukuqhekeka okuyingozi.

Iindawo zokuhlola ezibalulekileyo:

• Iinkqubo zokushicilela nge-hydraulic: Jonga ukuvuza kolwelo, uxinzelelo lwesilinda, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwalo

• Izando zoomatshini: Hlola iingxaki zokuguguleka, ukuqhekeka, okanye ukungcangcazela

• Izithando zomlilo: Qinisekisa ulawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu kunye nokhuseleko lwegesi

• Izixhobo zokudaya: Khangela ukuguquka, ukuqhekeka, kunye nendawo eyiyo

• Izixhobo zokuphakamisaIitsheyini, iihoki, kunye neekhreyini kufuneka zihlolwe ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba ziyahambelana nomgangatho womthwalo.

Iishedyuli zolondolozo lokuthintela, njengoko ziphunyezwe yii-sakysteel, ukunciphisa amathuba okuba izixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba umgangatho wokubumba uhlala uhleli.

3. Gcina unxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye nemiqondiso

Umgangatho wokubumba unomsindo. Abasebenzi kufuneka bakwazinxibelelana ngaphandle kokukhwazaukuze kuthintelwe ukudideka okanye ukulibaziseka kweempendulo.

Sebenzisa ezi nkqubo zonxibelelwano zokhuseleko zilandelayo:

• Imiqondiso yesandlayokusebenza nge-crane okanye nge-press

• Izibane zesilumkisokunye neesireni kwiimatshini

• Iirediyo ezisebenzisa iindlela ezimbinikubaphathi kunye nabaqhubi beekreyini

• Imiqondiso ecacileyokwiindawo ezinobungozi

Onke amalungu eqela kufuneka aqeqeshwe ukuze aqonde iimpawu zokhuseleko ezisemgangathweni.

4. Qinisekisa ukuphathwa kakuhle kwezinto kunye nokugcinwa kwazo

Imisebenzi yokubumba idla ngokubandakanyaizinto eziluhlaza ezinzima nezishushu, kuquka imivalo yesinyithi, iibhloko, okanye iibhilethi.

Ukuphatha izinto ngokukhuselekileyo:

• Sebenzisa iiforklift okanye iihoist, kungekhona ukuphakamisa ngesandla, kwiindawo ezinzima

• Gcina izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo nezithe tyaba

• Gcina izibambo nezixhobo zikwimeko entleukuphepha amathontsi

• Kuphephe ukuqokelela izinto ezingazinzanga, ingakumbi kufutshane neendawo ezishushu

• Yila iindawo zokusebenzangoko ke izixhobo zifikeleleka lula ngaphandle kokufikelela kakhulu

i-sakysteeliphumeza uyilo lweendawo zokusebenza ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha ezizenzekelayo ukunciphisa iingozi zokuphatha ngesandla.

5. Lawula imisebenzi yesithando somlilo kunye nokufudumeza ngononophelo

Imisebenzi yesithando somlilo yenye yezona ndawo ziyingozi kakhulu zokubumba. Abasebenzi bachaphazeleka kubushushu obuphezulu, iigesi ezivuthayo, kunye nokuqhuma okunokwenzeka ukuba akuphathwanga ngokuchanekileyo.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko aquka:

• Ukufudumeza izitofu kancinci ukuze uphephe ukutshayiswa bubushushu

• Ukubeka ilisouxinzelelo lwegesikunye neenkqubo zokufumanisa ukuvuza

• Ukusebenzisaizitshisi ezizenzekelayoendaweni yeetotshi ezenziwe ngesandla

• Ukugcinaiingcango kunye neephaneli zivaliwengexesha lokujikeleza kokufudumeza

• Ungaze uvumele umswakama okanye izinto ezimanzi zingene kwisithando somlilo (umngcipheko wokuqhuma)

i-sakysteelisebenzisa izitofu zanamhlanje ezineephaneli zolawulo zedijithali kunye neziqhagamshelo zokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.

6. Thintela ukutyibilika, ukukhubeka, kunye nokuwa

Ukulimala okuninzi kwe-folding akwenzeki ngenxa yoomatshini, kodwaukucoca indlu kakubi.

Thintela ukutyibilika nokuwa ngokuthi:

• Ukucoca isikali, ioyile, namanzi rhoqo phantsi

• Ukugcina iindlela zokuhamba kunye nezokuphumaakukho ngxubakaxaka

• Ukusebenzisaiimathi ezingatyibilikiyophambi kwee-press kunye nee-oven

• Ukufakaimiqobo kunye neempawukwiindawo ezinobungozi

• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifanelekileukukhanyakuzo zonke iindawo

Iindawo zokusebenza ezicocekileyo nezicwangcisiweyo ziyindlela ephambili yokhuseleko esetyenziswayoi-sakysteel.

7. Zikhusele Kwizinto Ezingaphephezeliyo Nezikali

Ngexesha lokwenziwa,isikali se-oxideinokuqhekeka ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye ibangele ukwenzakala kwamehlo okanye ulusu.

Lawula le ngozi ngokuthi:

• Ukusebenzisa izikhuselo kunye nezithintelo ezijikeleze izikhululo zokubumba

• Ukuqinisekisaumoya ofanelekileyoukuqondisa umsi kunye namasuntswana kude

• Ukubaiitafile zedrowdraft okanye ii-exhaust hood

• Ukunxiba isikhuselo sobuso bonke

Ukucoca ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kwemijikelo kunciphisa ukwakheka kwezikali.

8. Misela iinkqubo zongxamiseko

Nokuba kukho amanyathelo okhuseleko angcono, iingozi zinokwenzeka. Ukulungiselela kubalulekile.

Izinto eziphambili zesicwangciso sokuphendula kwimeko kaxakeka:

• Izixhobo zokucima umlilokwiindawo ezibalulekileyo

• Izixhobo zokutshisa kunye neendawo zokuhlamba amehlokufutshane

• Cacisa iindlela zokufuduka kunye neempawu

• Uqeqesho malunga noncedo lokuqala kunye nokusabela kumlilo

• Uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo olungxamisekileyo

i-sakysteelIqeqesha bonke abasebenzi kwiindlela zokuphendula xa kukho ingxaki kwaye ineengcali zokuqala zokuphendula kwindawo yokusebenza.

9. Kuphephe Ukudinwa Nokusebenza Ngokugqithiseleyo

Ukuzilolonga kufuna amandla amaninzi. Ukudinwa kwandisa umngcipheko we:

• Ukugxila kakubi

• Ixesha lokuphendula elibazisekileyo

• Iimpazamo ekuphatheni izinto okanye ekusebenzeni komatshini

Ukuthintela oku:

• Phumezaukujikeleziswa kweshifti

• Sebenzisa rhoqoamaxesha okuphumla

• Nika ukufikelela kwiukufunxa amanzi kunye nokungenisa umoya

• Jonga amalungu eqela ukuze ubone iimpawu zoxinzelelo okanye ukudinwa

Umsebenzi ophumlileyo nogxileyo ngumsebenzi okhuselekileyo novelisa ngakumbi.

10.Qhuba uqeqesho lokhuseleko kunye nophicotho-zincwadi

Akukho sicwangciso sokhuseleko sigqibeleleyo ngaphandleimfundo eqhubekayo kunye nokubeka esweni.

Iindlela ezilungileyo ziquka:

• Uqeqesho lokuqala lwabasebenzi abatsha

• Uqeqesho lokuhlaziyarhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6–12

• Iintlanganiso zemihla ngemihla zebhokisi yezixhoboukuxoxa ngeengozi

• Uphicotho-zincwadi zokhuseleko lomntu wesithathuukuchonga iindawo ezingabonakaliyo

• Ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yokhuseleko kuqala, apho iinkxalabo zinokuphakanyiswa ngaphandle kwesohlwayo

i-sakysteeligcina usukelo olungenaziganeko ngokutyala imali kuqeqesho lokhuseleko oluqhubekayo kunye nophononongo lokuthobela imithetho yomntu wesithathu.

Isiphelo

Ngoko ke, yintoni esifanele siyiqwalasele ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko ngexesha lokucubungula izinto?Yonke into—ukususela kwisithando somlilo ukuya kumgangatho, ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwiindawo ezigqityiweyo.Ukwakha izinto ezintsha yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kodwa enobungozi obukhulu efuna ingqalelo epheleleyo kwiinkcukacha, amalungiselelo, kunye nokhathalelo. Ukhuseleko alukho nje malunga nezixhobo zokuzikhusela okanye iimpawu; yingqondo, inkqubo, kunye noxanduva oluhlanganyelweyo.

Iinkampani ezifanai-sakysteelKhokela ngomzekelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yabo yokuthunga ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa bebonelela ngomgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo. Nokuba ungumqhubi wevenkile okanye umphathi wefektri, ukwenza ukhuseleko lube yinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yakho yokuthunga kukhusela abantu kunye nenzuzo.