Kutheni Isinyithi “Iphuka” Ngesiquphe?

Iintsimbi zizinto ezibalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kulwakhiwo kunye ne-aerospace ukuya kwimoto kunye nemveliso. Phezu kwako nje ukuqina namandla azo, iintsimbi “zinokophuka” okanye zingasebenzi ngequbuliso, nto leyo ekhokelela kumonakalo omkhulu, iingozi, kunye nokhuseleko. Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni isinyithi siphuka kubalulekile kwiinjineli, abavelisi, kunye nabani na osebenza ngezinto zentsimbi. Kule nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli kwesinyithi, iintlobo zoxinzelelo ezikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni, kunye nendlela yokukhusela ukuphuka kwesinyithi. Siza kubalaselisa nokuba njaniI-SAKY Steeliqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu, isinyithi esithembekileyo ukukhusela ezo ntsilelo.

Yintoni iMetal Failure?

Ukungaphumeleli kwesinyithi kubhekiselele ekuwohlokeni ngequbuliso okanye ngokuthe ngcembe kwesakhiwo sesinyithi. Oku kunokubonakala njengokuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, okanye ukwaphuka ngokupheleleyo. Xa isinyithi siphuka ngokungalindelekanga, kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi, kubandakanywa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo, ukuwa kwesakhiwo, okanye iingozi zokhuseleko. Izizathu zokungaphumeleli kwesinyithi zinokuvela kuxinzelelo lomzimba, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, iziphene zokuvelisa, okanye ukukhetha izinto ezingafanelekanga.

Iimbangela eziqhelekileyo zokuqhekeka kwesinyithi

1. Ukudinwa
   Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokungaphumeleli kwesinyithi kukukhathala, okwenzeka xa isinyithi siphantsi koxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Nokuba uxinzelelo lomntu ngamnye olusetyenzisiweyo lungaphantsi kwamandla emveliso yesinyithi, ukulayishwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokukhulula kunokubangela ukuba kubekho iintanda ze-microscopic. Ezi ntanda ziyasasazeka ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwentlekele xa zifikelela kubungakanani obubalulekileyo.

   Ukudinwa kuxhaphakile kwimizi-mveliso apho oomatshini okanye iinxalenye zesakhiwo zifumana intshukumo engaguqukiyo okanye ukungcangcazela, njengakwisiphekepheke, iimoto, kunye nokuveliswa koomatshini.

2. Uxinzelelo lwe-Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
   Uxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking (SCC) ngomnye unobangela obalulekileyo wokungaphumeleli kwesinyithi. Kwenzeka xa isinyithi sisesichengeni sokucinezeleka kokubini kunye nemekobume eyonakalisayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, isinyithi siba sengozini yokuqhekeka, naphantsi kwamanqanaba aphantsi oxinzelelo. Olu hlobo lokusilela luxhaphake ngakumbi kwizinto ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwa, esetyenziswa kwindawo enomhlwa kakhulu, njengezityalo zokusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, izicelo zaselwandle, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla.

   I-SCC ngokwesiqhelo yenzeke kwiintsimbi ezivezwe kwii-ion zekloridi, ezikhawulezisa ukwakheka kweentanda phantsi koxinzelelo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izinto zithande ukophuka.

3. Impembelelo okanye ukothuka kuyalayisha
   Iintsimbi nazo zinokuphuka ngenxa yempembelelo okanye ukulayishwa komothuko, okubhekiselele ekusebenziseni ngokukhawuleza amandla. Xa isinyithi siphantsi kwempembelelo engalindelekanga okanye ngokukhawuleza, njengakwimeko yokubethelwa kwesando, ukungqubana, okanye utshintsho olukhawulezayo lobushushu, lunokufumana uxinzelelo lwendawo olukhokelela ekuqhekekeni okanye ekuqhekekeni. Olu hlobo lokusilela ludla ngokubonwa kumashishini asebenza ngoomatshini abanzima, ulwakhiwo, okanye izicelo zeemoto.

   Iintsimbi ezifana ne-aluminiyam, umzekelo, zivame ukuphuka ngokukhawuleza phantsi komthwalo wokuthuthumela ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezifana nentsimbi.

4. Ukulayisha ngaphezulu
   Ukulayisha ngaphezulu kwenzeka xa isinyithi siphantsi kwamandla amakhulu kunomthamo owenziweyo wokuthwala umthwalo. Xa oku kusenzeka, intsimbi inokugoba, ikhubazeke, okanye ide ihluthe phantsi komthwalo ogqithisileyo. Ukugqithiswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlangatyezwana nezicelo zesakhiwo ezifana neebhulorho, imiqadi, kunye neekholamu zenkxaso, apho ubunzima okanye uxinzelelo ludlula amandla okusebenza okusingatha.

   Ukuthintela ukugcwala, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibakala lemathiriyeli elichanekileyo likhethiwe kwaye isakhiwo siyilelwe ukumelana nomthwalo ocetywayo.

5. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo
   Ukuguquguquka kobushushu kunokuchaphazela kakhulu iipropathi zemishini yesinyithi, ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye aphantsi. Xa iintsimbi zibonakaliswe kubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye kubanda, zinokufumana uxinzelelo lwe-thermal olubangela ukuba zande okanye zivumelane, ezikhokelela ekuqhekekeni okanye ekuqhekekeni.

   Iintsimbi ezifana nentsimbi zinokuba brittle kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, nto leyo eyandisa amathuba okuphuka ngequbuliso xa ibekwe kuxinzelelo. Ngokwahlukileyo, kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, isinyithi sinokuthamba kwaye silahlekelwe ngamandla, sibenze bachaphazeleke ngakumbi kwi-deformation okanye ukungaphumeleli.

   Ukusetyenziswa okunje ngeenjini zejethi, abatshintshisi bobushushu, kunye nemibhobho, esebenza kwindawo enzima kakhulu, zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukuqhekeka kwentsimbi ngenxa yotshintsho lobushushu.

6. Iziphene zokuwelda
   Ubuchule be-welding obungafanelekanga bungabangela iziphene ezenza buthathaka ingqibelelo yesinyithi, okwenza kube lula ukuphuka. Xa isinyithi sidityaniswe kunye, ubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo bunokuguqula i-microstructure yemathiriyeli, ekhokelela kugxininiso loxinzelelo. Ukuba azilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ezi ziphene ze-welding zingabangela ukuqhekeka, i-porosity, okanye i-fusion engaphelelanga, okwenza ukuba i-joint ikwazi ukungaphumeleli phantsi komthwalo.

   Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuwelda kunye nokwenza uhlolo lwasemva kwe-weld ukunqanda ezi ntlobo zeziphene ekubangeleni ukophuka ngequbuliso.

7. Iziphene zezinto eziphathekayo
   Kwezinye iimeko, intsimbi ngokwayo inokuba neziphene zendalo ezibeka kwangaphambili ukuba zingaphumeleli. Iziphene zezinto eziphathekayo zinokuvela ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, njengobumdaka, ukufakwa, okanye izinto ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Ezi ziphene zidala ubuthathaka kwintsimbi, okwenza kube lula ukuphuka xa uphantsi koxinzelelo.

   Ukuhlolwa rhoqo komgangatho ngexesha lemveliso kunye nokuvavanywa ngokucokisekileyo kwempahla ekrwada kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko weziphene zezinto ezikhokelela ekuphelelweni kwesinyithi.

Iintlobo zoxinzelelo olukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwesinyithi

Iintsimbi zinokuphuka ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo, kubandakanya:

• Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo: Xa intsimbi isoluliwe okanye itsalwa, ifumana uxinzelelo. Ukuba amandla asetyenziswayo angaphezulu kokuqina kwesinyithi, anokubangela ukuba isinyithi siphuke okanye siphuke.

• Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo: Oku kwenzeka xa isinyithi sicinezelwa okanye sicinezelwe. Uxinzelelo olucinezelayo alunakwenzeka ukuba lubangele ukuphuka kwangoko kodwa kunokukhokelela kwi-deformation okanye i-buckling, enokubangela ukusilela ekuhambeni kwexesha.

• Phungula ucinzelelo: Uxinzelelo lokucheba lwenzeka xa amandla asetyenziswa ngaxeshanye nomphezulu wesinyithi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zityibilike kwinqwelomoya, ezikhokelela ekuqhekekeni.

• Ukugoba Uxinzelelo: Xa isinyithi sigobile, izinto ezingaphandle kwe-bend ziphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-tensile, ngelixa ingaphakathi lifumana uxinzelelo loxinzelelo. Ukuba ukugoba kudlula amandla emveliso yezinto, kunokubangela ukwaphuka.

Ukuthintela Ukuqhekeka kweMetal

Ukuthintela ukuphuka kwentsimbi, kubalulekile:

1. Khetha umbandela oLungileyo: Ukukhetha isinyithi esifanelekileyo kwisicelo kubalulekile. Izinto ezifana nomthamo wokuthwala, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha izinto.I-SAKY Steelinikeza uluhlu olubanzi lweentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kuzo zonke izicelo.

2. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye noLondolozo: Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweentsimbi ngeempawu zokuguga, ukubola, okanye ukudinwa kunokunceda ekuchongeni imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba ikhokelele ekusileleni. Ukuphumeza ulondolozo olucwangcisiweyo kunokuthintela ukuwohloka okuyintlekele.

3. Uyilo oluLungileyo kunye noHlalutyo lomthwalo: Ukuyila ngokufanelekileyo izakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuba azidluli umthamo wesinyithi wokuthwala umthwalo kubalulekile. Uhlalutyo lomthwalo lunceda iinjineli zigqibe ngeyona nto ilungileyo kunye noyilo lokuthintela ukugcwala.

4. Ukulawula Iinkqubo ze-Welding: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-welding zenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ukuhlolwa okufanelekileyo kwe-post-weld kwenziwa kunokunciphisa umngcipheko weziphene ze-welding ezikhokelela ekuqhekekeni.

5. Ulawulo lobushushu: Ukulawula ukuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa kwiindawo apho izinyithi zibonakaliswe kubushushu obugqithiseleyo okanye ukubanda kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko woxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nokuqhekeka.

Ukuqukumbela

Iintsimbi zinokuthi ngequbuliso "zophuke" ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukudinwa, ukugcwala, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, iziphene ze-welding, kunye nokungafezeki kwezinto. Ukuqonda ezi zizathu kunye neentlobo zoxinzelelo ezinokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwesinyithi kubalulekile kwiinjineli kunye nabavelisi. Ngokukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuyila ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokuphumeza ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa, umngcipheko wokuphuka kwentsimbi ngokukhawuleza unokunciphisa.

At I-SAKY Steel, sizibophelele ekuboneleleni ngezinyithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezithembekileyo nezizinzileyo, siqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bethu bafumana izinto ezinokumelana neemfuno zezicelo zabo. Ugxininiso lwethu kumgangatho kunye nokusebenza kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphuka kwesinyithi kuyingxaki yexesha elidlulileyo. Qhagamshelana nathi namhlanje ngolwazi oluthe kratya ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo zethu.